HomeMy WebLinkAbout4167 Resolution - Franklin County 2021 Comprehensive Emergency Management PlanFranklin County
Comprehensive Emergency
Management Plan (CEMP)
City of Pasco City of Connell
City of Mesa City of Kahlotus
Page 1 of 1
Franklin County
Emergency Management
1011 E. Ainsworth St.
Pasco, WA 99301
(509) 545-3546 Fax: (509) 545-2139
The 2021 Franklin County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan (CEMP) is
hereby adopted this 20th day of January, 2022, as the official guiding document to
provide emergency services in the event of a disaster or major emergency to the
governments of Franklin County and the cities of Connell, Kahlotus, Mesa and Pasco.
The CEMP is the framework for mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery
activities and is intended to provide a structure for standardizing plans t hroughout the
county/city to facilitate interoperability between local, state and federal governments.
By coordinating all phases of emergency management, the CEMP will help minimize
the impacts of disasters and other emergencies within our jurisdictions.
APPROVED: FRANKLIN COUNTY
EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT BOARD:
______________________________
Robert Gear, Chairperson
ATTEST:
______________________________
Sean Davis, Secretary to the Board
Franklin County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan Forward
2021 - CEMP Forward
FORWARD
Franklin County Emergency Management sincerely appreciates the cooperation and support
from those agencies that have contributed to the development of the Franklin County
Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan (CEMP). The CEMP establishes the framework
for an effective system to ensure that Franklin County and its municipalities will be adequately
prepared to respond to an occurrence of natural, man-made and/or technological related
emergencies or disasters. The plan outlines the roles and responsibilities of local government,
State and Federal agencies and volunteer organizations.
The CEMP unites the efforts of these groups in the basic plan, appendixes, and more specifically
under the Emergency Support Function (ESF) and Annex formats with a designated lead agency
for a comprehensive approach to mitigation, planning, response and recovery activities set forth
in the “State of Washington Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan” and the “Federal
Response Plan”. It describes how State, Federal and other outside resources will be coordinated
to supplement county resources and response.
This CEMP is written at the local level of emergency management planning and strategies due to
the fact that most incidents are managed at the local level before any outside assistance can be
expected. Due to the expectations to manage incidents locally for at least the first 72 hours, it is
imperative that we mitigate our risk and prepare for current and future hazards. This plan
identifies some approaches in which the various agencies mitigate and prepare for incidents.
While Franklin County will do everything it reasonably and feasibly can do to protect life and
property, it is recommended that the citizens of Franklin County develop and maintain their own
preparedness kits, including basic life necessities and important personal documentation. For
more information on how to accomplish this and other preparedness activities, please contact the
Franklin County Emergency Management Office. The Franklin County Emergency Management
Director offers his sincere thank you and congratulations to all who made this possible.
2021 - CEMP Distribution List
2021 DISTRIBUTION LIST
Jurisdiction or Agency Name/Date Received Copy
Franklin County H,F
City of Pasco H,F
City of Connell H,F
City of Kahlotus H,F
City of Mesa H,F
Pasco Public Library H
Pasco Fire Department F
Connell Fire Department F
Franklin County FPD #1 F
Franklin County FPD #2 F
Franklin County FPD #3 F
Franklin County FPD #4 F
Franklin County FPD #5 F
North Franklin County Public Hospital District #1 F
Southeast Communications Center F
Walla Walla Fire District #5 F
Pasco Police Department F
Connell Police Department F
Franklin County Sheriff’s Office F
Washington State Patrol, Kennewick Detachment F
Franklin County Public Works F
American Red Cross, Benton-Franklin Chapter F
Benton-Franklin Health Department F
Lourdes Medical Center F
Port of Pasco F
Pasco School District F
Benton County Emergency Management F
Walla Walla County Emergency Management F
Grant County Emergency Management F
Adams County Emergency Management F
Yakima County Emergency Management F
Washington State Emergency Management Division F
Washington State Department of Health F
Washington State Department of Agriculture F
F = Flash/Thumb Drive
Franklin County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan Record of Changes
CEMP Portion Pg #, Header, Sub…Description
BASIC PLAN
Basic Plan ALL Hyperlinked all RCW/WAC references and replaced EOC with ECC
ALL Replaced "declaration" with "proclamation" throughout CEMP
7, III, A, 2 Added HMP and CWPP for additional HVA info.
9,IV Throughout IV-Concept of Ops delineated EOC vs. ECC
10, IV,A, 2, Added Incident Commander
11,IV,A,3,a Added "SECOMM"
11,IV,A,3,e Added "SEWSOG"
11, IV, A, 3,g Added Energy Northwest (CGS)
12, IV, B, 2,Added WAMAS
12-13,IV,C 1 Clarified IC authority
14, IV,C,6 LEP inlcusion for capability for notifying the public
14,IV,D Location of Alternate ECC facilities
15,IV,F,4,Updated with 72 hour Kit and 2 Weeks Ready Info.
16,H,1-3 Added and hyperlinked PL-93-288 and Stafford Act
16,V,2,a Added and hyperlinked proclamation of emergency
17,V,C, 1&2 Updated to Proclamation of emergency and removed declaration
18,V,5,d Updated ECC activation levels to match State CEMP
19,V,6, a Updated for new dispatch center - SECOMM
19,V,9 Corrected heading to match agency name by adding Public
20,V,12, c Added item c refering to tracking personnel expenses
20,V,14, d-e Added ESF 8 and 8A reference
20,V,15, d-e Added local lead agency for disease/pandemic and isolation/quarantine
21,V,C,17 Replaced TriCounty HAZMAT with SEWSOG
23, VI, B Change review cycle from 4years to 5 years.
APPENDICES
Appendix 1 Direction & Control ALL Delineated ECC and EOC usage throughout (EOC mainly for CGS/DOE stadalone plans)
2,II,B,4, bullets Added or delegation of authorities and MAC group reference
2,III,A Added Deputy Director, removed two Program Coordinators
3,IV,A Updated FC-ECC location
3,IV,D Added entire section
3,IV,E Completed revised to match WA State CEMP
Appendix 2 Public Information 1,II,B Added designated location by IC
1,II,D Added entire section EAS,IPAWS,CodeRED and LEP info.
2,III,C,4 Added entire section IC support when requested
2,III,D,7 Added entire section LEP info. and reference to Appendix 9 LEP
2,IV Added info. about JIS and management of it.
3,V,B Added entire section for new capabilites
Appendix 3 References 1, Local References Add City of Pasco COOP and COC
1, Local References Added City of Pasco Snow Plow Plan
1, Local References
Added Franklin County - Department of Energy-Richland Operations Office Emergency
Response Plan
1, Local References Added Franklin County - Columbia Generating Station Emergency Response Plan
1, Governing Revised Codes
of WA…
Hyperlinked all RCW, WAC and plan references that were available. Change RCW 70.102.20
to 70A.415, Changed RCW 70.105 to RCW 70
2, Plan References Changed National Response Plan to National Planning Frameworks
2. Plan References Hyperlinked plans when possible
Appendix 4 Definitions & Acronyms 1,Activation Levels Updated the definition and added colors
1,CodeRED Added CodeRED notification system definition and LEP info.
2,Evacuation Levels Updated the definition with a color table and definitions
3,FCEM Hyperlinked and added RCW 38.52.070 & WAC 118-30-060
3,IPAWS Added IPAWS and defined and referenced Appendix 9 LEP
2,Evacuation Levels Updated the definition with a color table and definitions
5, Acronyms Added SECOMM and SEWSOG
Appendix 5 Administration ALL Added hyperlinks throughout for RCW and WAC references.
4,III,C,3 Changed declaration to proclamation
4,III,D,4 CEMP available to public through download
5,III,D,6 Changed from four to five years and changed EMC to WA MD-EMD
5,IV,B Updated language under Cities to include COOPs for cities
6,IV,E Hyperlinked RCW 40.10.010
6,IV,F
Updated entire section explaining removing specific systems for security reasons and added
comments about cities having similar systems - made more generic
2021 - CEMP Page 1
Franklin County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan Record of Changes
CEMP Portion Pg #, Header, Sub…Description
Appendix 6 Training and Exercise 2,II,G Added entire section
2,II,H Added entire section
2,III,E Added entire section
Appendix 7 Hazard Vulnerability An.1, TOC Total update of pages
2, II Updated rainfall in climate to 7"-9" per year
7, Population Updated table
8, 2nd paragraph Added TC Airport info.
8, Business & Industry Added/changed entire first paragraph
15, III, Hazard Rating Proc.Updated first sentence with current data to 2017
16, whole page changed/updated entire page
17, IV, A.Hyperlinked RCW and WAC references
18, Added 2019 & 2020 info. to Drought Occurrences
20, 4th paragraph - hyperlinked SEHMP and 1 of 10 most at risk of drought
21,Hyperlinked SEHMP, added table and graphic
33,Hyperlinked SEHMP, added table and graphic
39,Hyperlinked SEHMP, added table and graphic
42, bullets Added 01/2017 to 06/2021 Proclamation info.
43,Updated NFIP Table of Coverage
44,Hyperlinked SEHMP, added table and graphic
49,SEHMP Hyperlink and FC Landslide picture
50,Hyperlinked SEHMP, added table and graphic
53, Bullets Added incidents from 2017-2021
55, Prob. And Risk Updated paragraph and added SEHMP hyperlinked info.
55, bullets Updated bullets to include family/personal preparedness info.
55,Last paragraph and SEHMP hyperlinked info.
56,Hyperlinked SEHMP, added table and graphic
56,Added pics from 2017 storms
65,Hyperlinked SEHMP, added table and graphic
67, Added paragraphs 4 and 6 under the History section
68, Updated 1st full paragraph and final paragraph under conclusion
Appendix 8 Hazardous Weather 1,I Changed annex to appendix
Waiting for changes from NWS-Pendleton
3, V Removed Franklin County Dispatch from b.
3,VII,c Added CodeRED capability
Appendix 9 Limited English Prof.All Completely new Appendix
ANNEXES
Annex 1 Pasco 1, Description Updated second paragraph population, size and hyperlink
1, Description Inserted hyperlink in 4th paragraph
1,Industry Added airport information
1, Hazards Updated first paragraph for reporting #s and year the data came from
2, Hazards Added last sentence in paragraph two - ag. and electrical
2, Special Populations Updated entire paragraph
Annex 2 Connell All Added hyperlinks throughout document
2,Hazards Added information about flooding in Connell - last sentence of paragraph
2, Special Populations Second paragraph about CRCC updated and extensively re-wrote
2 Last paragraph of document, added additional prepraredness information.
Annex 3 Mesa All Added hyperlinks throughout document
1 Last paragraph of document, added additional prepraredness information.
Annex 4 Kahlotus All Added hyperlinks throughout document
1 Last paragraph of document, added additional prepraredness information.
Annex 5 Franklin County Unincorp.All Added hyperlinks throughout document
1, Description Last paragraph, updated Resolution # and succession
2, Special Populations Updated entire paragraphs
2, Conclusion Last paragraph of document, added additional prepraredness information.
3, Map Map on last page, replaced/updated
ESF's
ESF-1 Transportation 5, IV, D, bullet list Added 3 additional bullets access and functional needs vehicles
5, IV, E, 2 Access and Functional needs transportation coordination
ESF-2 Communications ALL Replaced Franklin Dispatch with Southeast Communications Center (SECOMM)
2021 - CEMP Page 2
Franklin County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan Record of Changes
CEMP Portion Pg #, Header, Sub…Description
2,III,B,3 Added CEMNET, DOE Safety Net
3,IV,A,3 NAWAS point for Franklin County is at SECOMM
3,IV,A,4 Added CodeRED (ETNS) and Wireless Emergency Alert (WEA) information.
3,IV,A,4 Usage will be in compliance with Appendix-9 LEP.
3,IV,A,4 Usage will be in compliance with Appendix-9 LEP.
4,IV,B,6 Usage will be in compliance with Appendix-9 LEP.
ESF-3 Public Works 2,II, E Changed name and updated hyperlink to correct RCW 43.19.450
3, IV, A,5 Concept of Operations #5 updated to reflect that FCEM ECC can contact the SEOC
5,IV, E,5 Inserted "Debris Removal" plans/concepts
5,IV, E,6 Inserted reference to Pasco's Water Utility ERP
5,IV, F,4 Adding cost tracking language
6,V,B,3,a Removed "Plan Bulldozer" and added Associated General Contractors info/links
7,VI,Added last paragraph about VHF/800 radios
ESF-4 Firefighting 3, V, B, 1, a-c Updated dispatch to reflect SECOMM
ESF-5 Emergency Mangement 1, I, B, 1 Hyperlinked RCW references
2, III, A, 1 Updated the Franklin County Resolution Number
3, IV, A-C Updated from Phases to Levels and matched verbiage throughout and color coded
5, IV, D, 2 Updated address for new facility location
6, E, 9 Added CodeRED information and ETNS
6, G, 1 Hyperlinked RCW references
13, VIII, B, 2 Hyperlinked RCW references
ESF-6 Mass Care, Temp…..3, II, 7 Updated "Disaster Reunification System" language
6, IV, A, 4 added "may be" and ARC and partner organization language.
ESF-7 Logistics & Resource Support 2, II, 1 Hyperlinked WA State Constitution
2, II, 2 Hyperlinked RCW references
2, III,B, 1 Specified ICS utilization
3, III, B, 2 Updated info to match hyperlinked RCW and WAC
7, V, A, 4 Added WebEOC usage
8, VII, A-D Hyperlinked RCW references
ESF-8 Public Health & Medical ALL Added hyperlinks throughout
13, VIII, G Inserted G and all text/links
ESF-8A Mass Fatality ALL Hyperlinked RCWs/WACs
9, IV, N, 1 Updated Family Assistance Center information
9, IV, N, 2 Updated ARC counseling, training, security etc.
ESF 9 SAR ALL
Complete re-write to meet Pasco PD SAR Change, 9a - FCSO SAR program, 9b Pasco SAR
Program
ESF-10 ALL Changed ESF name throughout to ESF-10
ALL
Changed Emergency Operations Center to Emergency Coordination Center for Franklin
County throughout ESF-10
ALL Added hyperlinks to webpages throughout
9,IV,A,4 Removed 10a and 10b references and added reference to them as stand-alone plans
11,IV,C,12 Removed 10a and 10b references and added reference to them as stand-alone plans
11,IV,A,5,a Added "SECOMM"
13,IV,B,2 Updated local HAZMAT Team name and information to cover the 4 counties
20,IV,E,4 Updated local HAZMAT Team name to SEWSOG
2 and 56 Updated page numbers in both tables
46, Appendix G Updated Exercise Section
ESF-10b DOE ALL Removed and referenced as a stand alone plan. Complete re-write to mirror BCEM
ESF-10c CGS/REP/ENW ALL Removed and referenced as a stand alone plan
ESF-11 Ag ALL Added ESF Coordinating Agency
ALL Updated primary and supporting agencies
ALL Change BFHD from "department" to "District"
ALL Reformatted entire ESF
1
FCEM as “Coordinating Agency”, Primary Agencies changed to “Primary State Agencies” with
WSDA added
I, A Add introduction with purpose and
2021 - CEMP Page 3
Franklin County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan Record of Changes
CEMP Portion Pg #, Header, Sub…Description
1, B
Changed scope to include 5 primary functions. Move policies up from separate policy sections
to one policy section and combine assumptions under one heading.
4,I,C,8 WARM was removed and added “Supporting agencies”
6, III, A Generalized concepts to include different functions.
6,III,A,1 changed “diary animals” to “bovine”
6,III,A,2,
added “As needed, WSDA will support FCEM in coordination with Dept. of Health, Dept. of
Natural Resources, NRCS regional and local offices, and Dept. of Ecology on water issues
extending beyond commodity supplies, including water quality and issues of safe drinking
water.”
6,III,A,2,a
changed "food and water issues" to “impacts and issues impacting crops, food and feed supply
chain, and water”
7,III,A,11 removed “WARM” and added “supporting agencies”
8,III,B,1 changed wording to reflect that WSDA is a State agency and that an agency liaison will advise EM if requested.
8, III, C LEP and Access and Functional Needs added
9, IV Added entire section.
11 Removed reference to FADs Appendix A
12-28, V,
Add table that includes responsibilties with coordinating agency, primary and supporting
agencies.
13, Responsibility Table “Public Information and Warning” added to WSDA’s core capabilities
17, Responsibility Table “Commercial Compliance” replace « regulation » under Department of Fish and Wildlife
19, Responsibility Table Department of Natural Resources added with animal, plant and pest disease response.
24, Responsibility Table
added wording “ Through the Washington Food/Feed Rapid Response Team (RRT)” as
suggested by WSDA to FDA responsibilities
24, Responsibility Table
added wording “ and food control points” to Law enforcement responsibilities as suggested
by WSDA
28, Responsibility Table
added wording “ Through the Washington Food/Feed Rapid Response Team (RRT)” as
suggested by WSDA to US Department of AG responsibilities
ESF-12 Energy & Utilities 3, IV, 4 Changed Qwest to CenturyLink
4,IV, F, 1,a Removed duplicated information
7, VI, 2 Removed CTED and replaced with WA Commerce and hyperlinked
7, VII, Hyperlinked WA CEMP and WA ESF-12
ESF-13 Pub Safety/Law Enf.1, Support Agency Added Coyote Ridge Correctional Center
2, II, C Added "SECOMM" dispatch and Coyote Ridge Correctional Center
7, V, A, 7 Added "SECOMM" dispatch
ESF-14 Long Term Recovery All Replaced RRTF with RFT - Recovery Task Force
All Added ECC/EOC, depending on the situation the FC facility can be either
ESF-15 Public Affairs 2, II, F Complete re-write to include CodeRED/IPAWS/WEA and Appendix 9 -LEP
3, IV, A, 4 Added last sentence about web-based meetings
4, IV, D, 3 Re-write of entire section to include EAS/CodeRED and website
IV Whole section on "Whole Community Involvement & Non-Discrimination inserted
ESF-20 Defense Support to Civ Authorities No Changes
2021 - CEMP Page 4
Franklin County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan Basic Plan
2021 - CEMP Page 1
FRANKLIN COUNTY
COMPREHENSIVE EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT PLAN
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page
Promulgation Memorandum
Foreword
Distribution List
Record of Changes
Basic Plan:
Introduction 3
Policies 4
Situation 7
Concept of Operations 9
Responsibilities 16
Plan Maintenance 23
Appendices:
Appendix 1 Direction and Control Appendix 1-1
Appendix 2 Public Information Appendix 2-1
Appendix 3 References Appendix 3-1
Appendix 4 Definitions and Acronyms Appendix 4-1
Appendix 5 Administration Appendix 5-1
Appendix 6 Training and Exercises Appendix 6-1
Appendix 7 Hazard Vulnerability Analysis Appendix 7-1
Appendix 8 Hazardous Weather Appendix 8-1
Appendix 9 Limited English Proficiency Response Appendix 9-1
Annexes:
Annex 1 Pasco Annex 1-1
Annex 2 Connell Annex 2-1
Annex 3 Mesa Annex 3-1
Annex 4 Kahlotus Annex 4-1
Annex 5 Unincorporated Franklin County Annex 5-1
Emergency Support Functions:
ESF 1 Transportation ESF 1-1
ESF 2 Communications ESF 2-1
ESF 3 Public Works and Engineering ESF 3-1
ESF 4 Firefighting ESF 4-1
ESF 5 Emergency Management ESF 5-1
ESF 6 Mass Care, Housing and Human Services ESF 6-1
Franklin County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan Basic Plan
2021 - CEMP Page 2
ESF 7 Logistics Management & Resource Support ESF 7-1
ESF 8 Public Health, Medical & Mortuary Services ESF 8-1
ESF 8A Mass Fatality Plan ESF 8A-1
ESF 9 Search and Rescue ESF 9-1
ESF 9A Mass Missing Person ESF 9A-1
ESF 10 Hazardous Materials Response ESF10-1
ESF 11 Agriculture and Natural Resources ESF 11-1
ESF 12 Energy ESF 12-1
ESF 13 Public Safety, Law Enforcement, and Security ESF 13-1
ESF 14 Long Term Recovery ESF 14-1
ESF 15 External Affairs ESF 15-1
ESF 20 Defense Support to Civil Authorities ESF 20-1
ESF 21 Transition to Recovery ESF 21-1
Franklin County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan Basic Plan
2021 - CEMP Page 3
I. INTRODUCTION
A. Mission
This plan is issued by the Franklin County Emergency Management Board of
Directors. The Board is made up of elected and designated representatives of
Franklin County, Washington and all incorporated Cities in the County as
stipulated in the Emergency Management Organization Interlocal Agreement.
The Board's mission is to provide, coordinate and facilitate resources to minimize
the impacts of disasters and emergencies on people, property, the environment
and the economy of Franklin County and the incorporated Cities within Franklin
County. Through planning, coordination, education, training, and community
awareness, we will prepare for; respond to; recover from; and mitigate the effects
of a disaster for all who live, work or visit here.
B. Purpose
The purpose of this Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan (CEMP) is to
provide a framework for effective utilization of government and private sector
resources to mitigate, respond to and recover from emergencies in order to protect
the lives, property and environment of the residents of Franklin County.
C. Scope
The Franklin County CEMP is an all-hazard plan that is promulgated by the
Franklin County Emergency Management Board of Directors and each of the
jurisdictions within Franklin County that are signatories to the Emergency
Management Organization Interlocal Agreement. This plan is an all-hazards
approach to emergency and disaster situations likely to occur in the county, as
described in the Franklin County Hazard Identification and Vulnerability Analysis
(HIVA, Appendix 7), and provides the foundation for:
1. The establishment of an organization and responsibilities for efficient and
effective use of government, private sector and volunteer resources.
2. An outline of local government responsibilities in emergency management
activities as described under Revised Code of Washington (RCW) 38.52
and other applicable laws.
3. An outline of other participants' responsibilities in emergency
management activities as agreed upon by the participating agencies and
organizations
D. Organization
The CEMP utilizes Emergency Support Functions (ESFs), which identify sources
for direct assistance and operational support that the state and local jurisdictions
may need in order to implement hazard mitigation and preparedness or respond
and recover from an emergency or disaster. The CEMP consists of:
1. The Basic Plan, which identifies policies and concepts of operations that
guide the mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery activities.
2. The ESFs, which describe the mission, policies, concepts of operation, and
Franklin County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan Basic Plan
2021 - CEMP Page 4
responsibilities of primary and support agencies involved in the
implementation of activities.
3. The Franklin County Emergency Management Board of Directors consists
of seven representatives: Two Franklin County Commissioners, the Mayor
and City Manager from Pasco or his/her designee, the Mayors of Connell,
Mesa and Kahlotus or their designee(s). Franklin County Emergency
Management (FCEM) consists of a Director, an Executive Administrator,
Deputy Director and Program Coordinator. The Director reports to and
receives direction from the FCEM Board of Directors. Franklin County
Emergency Management is responsible for developing and maintaining
the Franklin County CEMP; coordinating within Franklin County and its
cities for preparedness planning; maintaining the County Emergency
Coordination Center (ECC) along with providing training to staff and
responders.
II. POLICIES
A. Authorities
1. RCW 38.52.070/ WAC 118-30-060 directs each political subdivision of
Washington State to establish a local organization for emergency
management according to the State emergency management plan and
program. Franklin County Emergency Management is established through
an Emergency Management Organization Interlocal Agreement between
Franklin County, The Cities of Pasco, Connell, Mesa and Kahlotus, as
authorized by RCW 38.52.
B. Responsibilities
1. Franklin County Emergency Management is responsible for maintaining
and administering this CEMP as directed in WAC 118-30-060. The
governments of Franklin County and the Cities of Pasco, Connell,
Kahlotus and Mesa subscribe to this Plan and are responsible for
executing its provisions. Each individual municipality will utilize the
National Incident Management System and Incident Command System
concepts/principles when developing their jurisdiction specific details
emergency operating procedures/guides.
2. Legislative authority of the County Commissioners and City Councils are
for:
a. Emergency Management
(1) Ultimately responsible for the emergency management
program and organization and provide overall direction in
the development of emergency mitigation, preparedness,
response and recovery programs.
b. Proclamation of Emergency
(1) Activation of the appropriate parts of this plan, and certain
emergency powers, by proclamation of emergency. A
Franklin County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan Basic Plan
2021 - CEMP Page 5
proclamation of emergency must be made by the local
legislative authority to request state or federal assistance
c. Local government resources
(1) Ensure that all available local government resources are
utilized to the maximum extent possible.
d. Emergency expenditures
(1) Authorize expenditure of funds necessary to combat the
disaster, protect health and safety of persons and property,
and provide assistance to disaster victims, as appropriate.
e. Prioritizing emergency resources
(1) Policy level decisions involving the acquisition and
distribution of food and water, supplies, equipment and
other material when critical shortages exist or are
anticipated usually through a Multi-Agency Coordination
(MAC) Group.
f. Impressment of citizens
(1) Command the services and equipment of private citizens as
necessary in response to the disaster after proclamation by
the governor per RCW 38.52.110.
C. Local government responsibilities
1. In carrying out the provisions of the emergency management program, the
legislative authority of the political subdivisions of the state are
responsible for utilizing the services, equipment, supplies and facilities of
existing departments; and the personnel of such departments are directed
to cooperate with the emergency management organization upon request
(RCW 38.52.110).
a. Chair of Board of County Commissioners / City Mayors
(1) Shall act as the single point of contact, for the legislative
body of their jurisdiction, for emergency policy decisions.
b. Emergency Management Director/Manager
(1) Responsible for establishing and maintaining emergency
response coordination, including planning, training,
development of incident management facilities,
dissemination and implementation of plans and
coordination of resources.
c. Incident Command agencies
(1) These agencies have established day-to-day responsibility
for specific services within a specific jurisdiction (fire
districts and departments, law enforcement agencies, public
works departments, etc.). They are also responsible for
providing trained incident commanders and staff when
required, responsible for management of the emergency
response and recovery according to the plan and
Franklin County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan Basic Plan
2021 - CEMP Page 6
responsible for establishing direction and control facilities
at the incident.
d. Participating agencies and organizations
(1) Responsible for providing necessary staff in time of
emergency, providing emergency funding and resources,
providing audit/accounting personnel to track expenses,
participate in training and exercises, providing
representatives to incident management as a point of
contact during emergencies, and committing agency
workers, equipment and resources to the cooperative effort.
D. Limitations
1. No guarantee is implied by this plan to a perfect response system. Assets
are vulnerable to terrorism, natural and technological problems which may
limit response. It is the policy of Franklin County to make every
reasonable effort within its capabilities to respond to emergencies based
on the situation, information and resources available and skill/training
level of available responders.
2. This plan is not intended to deal with every potential scenario that may
occur during times of emergency, but rather identify the organization, the
processes and the responsibilities of the respective participants who may
be involved. The possibility of local resources becoming overwhelmed is a
reality, the participating jurisdictions can only make a reasonable effort to
respond based on the situation(s), information and the resources available
at the time of the disaster.
3. The disaster response, relief and recovery activities of the Emergency
Management Organization may be limited by:
a. Inability of the general citizenry to function on their own for more
than three days without additional supplies of water, food, shelter
and medical supplies.
b. Lack of police, fire, emergency medical services and public works
response due to damage to facilities, equipment and shortages of
personnel.
c. The limited number of public safety responders in a jurisdiction.
d. The shortage of trained response personnel and equipment needed
to handle a disaster.
e. The shortage of critical supplies.
f. Damage to essential services and facilities, such as roads, rail,
utilities and communication networks.
g. Damage to emergency services communication networks.
h. The availability of outside assistance and resources.
4. Emergency situations are difficult, if not impossible to predict. The local
emergency management system must be flexible and be able to function
under a variety of unanticipated complex and unique circumstances.
5. There is no guarantee implied by this plan that perfect mitigation,
preparation, response, and recovery will be practical or possible. It is the
Franklin County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan Basic Plan
2021 - CEMP Page 7
policy of Franklin County to make every reasonable effort within its
capabilities to respond to emergencies based on the situation, information,
skill/training levels of responders and resources available.
6. This plan does not supersede any state, local or federal laws and/or codes.
7. All response agencies will utilize their agency’s standard operating guides
and procedures in accordance with any and all local and state
laws/ordinances for response, planning, preparedness and mitigation
activities. All stipulated within their jurisdictional authority.
8. All response agencies will respond appropriately in accordance with their
training credentials, certifications, levels as dictated by their agency’s
standard operating guidelines and/or procedures.
9. Response agencies will review and suggest updates to the CEMP as their
agency’s standard operating guides, procedures and training
certifications/levels change and impact the overall planning process.
III. SITUATION
A. Emergency/Disaster Conditions and Hazards
1. Franklin County is vulnerable to the damaging effects of natural disasters
including drought, earthquake, floods, land movement, severe local storms
and volcanic eruptions. Franklin County is also vulnerable to a variety of
technological hazards including dam failure, energy emergencies,
chemical, radiological and hazardous materials incidents from
transportation as well as fixed facilities and both urban and wild land fire.
These and other hazards and their potential effects are described in the
Hazard Vulnerability Analysis, (HVA), see appendix 7 in this document.
This is a planning tool designed to prepare the agency for the impacts of
known and suspected hazard conditions. Vulnerability assessments are
also identified in the Franklin County Hazard Mitigation Plan and
Community Wildfire Protection Plan, published separately.
2. Emergencies or disasters could occur in the county at any time causing
significant human suffering, injury and death, public and private property
damage, environmental degradation, loss of essential services, economic
hardships to businesses, families, and individuals and disruption of
governmental entities.
B. Planning Assumptions
This CEMP is based on the following general assumptions:
1. Local government officials recognize their responsibilities with regard to
public safety and accept them in the implementation of this plan.
Coordination exists between emergency response organizations on a daily
basis. This interaction is based on the frequent and routine practice of day-
to-day responses. Agencies and organizations that support this plan will
assist in the planning process and will participate in training classes and
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exercises which are designed to increase the overall preparedness posture
of Franklin County.
2. The primary purpose of this plan is to establish a framework/structure for
large scale disasters/emergencies that overwhelm local response
capabilities. This plan does not supersede/override any established
procedures, authorities or standards which have been established for
routine local emergencies.
3. Demand on emergency response agencies becomes much greater in times
of crisis, and the prioritization of response to an emergency becomes
critical. In addition, the resource of many of the supporting public and
private organizations, that normally do not interact except in a crisis, need
to be mobilized on a cooperative basis.
4. Appropriate local agencies will, within their capabilities according to the
four phases of emergency management, prepare for emergencies and
disaster to ensure continuity of government, safe keeping of vital records
and to mobilize in support of local responders by staffing the ECC.
5. Citizens, businesses, local agencies and industries of the county will
utilize their own resources and provide for themselves during the first
three days of an emergency or disaster.
6. Pasco Fire Department and Franklin County Fire Protection District #3 are
signatories to the Tri-County Fire Mutual Aid Plan which will provide for
mutual aid from Benton and Walla Walla Counties. The five fire districts
in Franklin County have an agreement which provides mutual aid to each
other. Those agreements are hereby incorporated into this document by
reference, and are assumed to be a major factor in the coordination of
response to emergencies involving fire departments/districts. The Tri-
County Mutual Aid Plan is maintained by the Tri-County Fire Chief’s
Association as a separate document.
7. The Tri-County Mass Casualty Incident Plan is hereby incorporated into
this document by reference and is assumed to be a major factor in
coordination of response to emergencies involving mass casualty
incidents. The Mass Casualty Incident Plan is jointly maintained by
FCEM and Benton County Emergency Management and Tri-County EMS
as a separate document.
8. The Tri-Cities Airport Emergency Plan, Franklin County Emergency
Management DOE Response Plan and the CGS are also incorporated into
this document by reference only and is maintained as a separate document
by the airport.
9. The Franklin County Emergency Management DOE Response Plan is
incorporated into this document by reference only and is maintained as a
separate document.
10. The Franklin County Radiological Emergency Response: Energy
Northwest Plan is incorporated into this document by reference only and is
maintained as a separate document.
11. The Franklin County Master Mutual Aid Agreement is also incorporated
into this document by reference only and is maintained as a separate
document by FCEM.
12. Nothing in this plan is intended to diminish the emergency preparedness
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responsibilities of each participating jurisdiction. Their first priority is to
the needs of the citizens within its jurisdiction; and each jurisdiction
maintains their right to attend to their own circumstances before
committing resources to cooperative disaster response. Participation in the
mutual aid agreements is entirely voluntary. Nothing in this plan is
intended to diminish the emergency preparedness responsibilities of
individual citizens. Circumstances during disasters may not allow
immediate response to meet all the needs of the public. Every individual
should be prepared and able to provide for themselves during the first
three days of an emergency or disaster. A free market economy and
existing distribution systems should be maintained as the primary means
for continuing operations of the economic and private sector systems.
Normal business procedures may require modification to provide essential
resources and services.
13. In situations not specifically addressed in this plan, responding agencies
will have to improvise and carry out their responsibilities to the best of
their abilities under the circumstances, utilizing their agencies’ standard
operating guidelines and procedures. It is anticipated that this CEMP will
at a minimum provide a framework/structure for a starting point for large
scale emergency/disaster response.
14. When a disaster occurs, or one is imminent, the chief elected official of
the impacted jurisdiction will direct that the Franklin County Emergency
Management Emergency Coordination Center (ECC) be activated. In most
cases this will be on the recommendation of the emergency management
director.
15. In a major event the resources within the county will be overwhelmed and
outside assistance will need to be requested. Such requests will be made
through the Franklin County ECC to the Washington State Military
Department, Emergency Management Division (WAEMD)/State
Emergency Operations Center (SEOC). The SEOC will be the primary
point for receiving local requests for assistance/resources.
16. There are four phases in emergency management activities. While there
may be some overlap generally all activities will be considered to be part
of one of the four phases. The phases are mitigation, preparedness,
response, and recovery.
IV. CONCEPT OF OPERATIONS
A. General
1. Emergency Impacts. The emergency conditions identified in the Franklin
County Hazard Vulnerability Analysis (Appendix 7) could have a wide
range of destructive and disruptive impacts. These include, but are not
limited to:
a. Injury, death and long-term health degradation to county residents.
b. Damage to or destruction of residences, businesses and other
private property.
c. Damage to public property, utilities and infrastructure.
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d. Business closure, job losses and disruption of economic activity.
e. Environmental degradation with resulting aesthetic, cultural,
economic and health impacts.
2. Emergency Operations/Coordination. If an emergency or disaster
situation exceeds the resources and/or capabilities of city or county
emergency services and those available through mutual aid agreements,
the Chief Elected Official of the jurisdiction affected may issue a
proclamation of emergency. This proclamation authorizes the emergency
use of resources and emergency expenditures and activates the emergency
plan. Upon request of the Emergency Chairperson or Incident
Commander, the Emergency Coordination Center will be activated.
Elements of local government and response agencies will provide
representatives to the Emergency Coordination/Operations Center to
facilitate the coordination of emergency response activities under the
direction of the Emergency Chairperson or Incident Commander.
3. For the vast majority of emergencies within Franklin County, the
Emergency Coordination Center concept will be utilized. The ECC will be
utilized by the Incident Commander as coordination and support center for
response. The Columbia Generation Response Plan and Department of
Energy-Hanford Plan are stand-alone plans that utilize the FCEM facility
as an Operations Center. Response, command, control and structure are
discussed in detail for those two special programs that have extensive pre-
planned responses.
a. The responsibility for leadership and operations during emergency
situations is vested in the executive heads of government.
b. The FCEM Director is responsible to the executive heads of
government for carrying out the emergency management program
for the county and municipalities.
c. Emergency Management activities in Franklin County are
conducted under the universally accepted four emergency
management phases of mitigation, preparedness, response and
recovery. Mitigation and preparedness are constant and continuous
processes.
d. This plan reflects the roles and responsibilities of agencies and
jurisdictions within the county for emergency management
operations.
e. Heads of government, non-government agencies, organizations and
departments, augmented by trained reserves and volunteers,
perform emergency functions as stated in this plan.
f. All agencies and organizations will utilize the principles of the
National Incident Management System (NIMS) and specifically
the policies and procedures in the Incident Command System
(ICS) for response.
g. Departments will retain their identity and autonomy during disaster
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operations. When agencies assist each other, personnel will remain
under the supervision of their own agency. They will receive
mission assignments from the using agency.
h. Departments not having an assigned emergency mission will carry
out such duties as may be directed by the executive heads of
government.
i. This plan will make provisions for those actions necessary to
minimize injuries and damage and expedite recovery from the
effects of a disaster. Priority throughout the emergency period will
be the preservation of life and protection of property.
4. Planning and Response Organizations. Franklin County Emergency
Management is responsible for carrying out the program for emergency
management and coordinating the disaster mitigation, preparedness, and
response and recovery efforts of Franklin County, including the cities of
Pasco, Connell, Kahlotus and Mesa. Franklin County Emergency
Management will compile a CEMP that is the overarching document for
each of the individual jurisdictions’/agencies detailed response
plans/procedures/guides. Primary local support agencies include:
a. Southeast Communications Center (SECOMM) 9-1-1 dispatch
b. Franklin County Sheriff's Office, Pasco Police Department and
Connell Police Department
c. Pasco Fire Department, Connell Fire Department, and Five Rural
Fire Protection Districts 1 through 5
d. Franklin County Public Hospital District #1
e. Southeast Washington Special Operations Group (SEWSOG)
Hazardous Materials Response Team
f. Benton-Franklin Health District.
g. Benton-Franklin Chapter of the American Red Cross
h. Energy Northwest (Columbia Generating Station)
i. Washington State agencies that are key participants in planning
and response for Franklin County include:
(1) Washington State Patrol
(2) Washington State Health Department
(3) Washington State Emergency Management Division
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(4) Washington State Agriculture Department
(5) Washington State Military Department
(6) Washington State Ecology Department
(7) Washington State DSHS
j. Federal agencies that are participants in the Franklin County
planning or which may assume significant response roles include:
(1) Department of Homeland Security
(2) Department of Energy (including all Hanford Site
contractors)
(3) Federal Emergency Management Agency
(4) U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
(5) U. S. Coast Guard
(6) U. S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission
(7) U. S. Department of Agriculture
(8) U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
B. Emergency Management Concepts
1. The Emergency Coordination Center. Emergency support and
coordination in Franklin County will be directed through the Franklin
County Emergency Coordination Center (ECC). The ECC provides work
space, communications and information systems, maps, displays and
decision aids to support the direction and control of emergency response
activities. The ECC has the capacity to support and coordinate with
Single or Unified Command Operations as events occur in compliance
with the National Incident Management System (NIMS). The NIMS
structure utilized in the Franklin County ECC is organized by Major
Management Activities.
2. The Emergency Operations Center. When the FCEM facility is utilized as
an Emergency Operations Center (EOC), as depicted in the Columbia
Generation Response Plan and Department of Energy-Hanford Plan stand-
alone plans, direction and control will be conducted through the Incident
Commander at the EOC, as well as the rest of the command structure.
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3. Support Agreements. The response capabilities of Franklin County
agencies and those from surrounding counties are integrated through
several mutual aid and joint-operations agreements. The Tri-Cities Mutual
Aid Plan, the Franklin County Master Mutual Aid Agreement, the
Southeast Region Fire Mobilization Plan, and the Washington State Fire
Services Resource Mobilization Plan provide for local and regional
augmentation of firefighting capabilities. Kadlec Medical Center has been
designated the Disaster Medical Coordination Center hospital for the Tri-
Cities area in the DMCC plan. Law enforcement mutual aid agreements
with the Benton and Walla Walla County Sheriff’s, Kennewick, Richland
and Prosser Police Departments, and other regional law enforcement
agencies are available to provide additional support to Franklin County.
Support agreements have been established with various local response
entities, including the Benton-Franklin Chapter of the American Red
Cross, Columbia Basin Dive Rescue, Ben Franklin Transit, and medical
centers. If local resources are exhausted, Franklin County may request
assistance from the State or Federal governments through the Washington
State Emergency Operations Center (SEOC) utilizing the Washington
Instra-state Mutual Aid System and Emergency Management Assistance
Compact.
C. Direction and Control
1. Incident Command System (ICS) is the basis for all direction, control and
coordination of emergency response and recovery efforts conducted under
this plan. The authority of the Incident Commander is limited to those
powers specifically granted by delegation of authority, statute, legislative
authority, defined jurisdictional authority or derived from the plan.
Emergency response and supporting agencies and organizations agree to
carry out their objectives in support of the incident command structure to
the fullest extent possible.
2. Incident Command Agency and the designation of the incident command
agency, and assumption of incident coordination, will follow statutory
responsibilities when applicable. Designation of the Incident Commander
is made by the legislative authority of the jurisdiction and is based on the
following criteria:
a. Specific or implied authority or responsibility within the applicable
jurisdiction, or as otherwise identified in this plan or by state
statute/law.
b. Assumption of responsibility by the official agency.
3 Operational direction and control of emergency response and recovery
activities will be conducted on-scene by an incident commander. Requests
for assistance will be made through normal channels until the ECC has
become operational, at which time requests for regional and state
assistance and resources should be directed through the ECC.
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4 Direction and Control concepts are outlined in ESF 5 – Emergency
Management. In the Franklin County Emergency Coordination Center
a. The Emergency Chairperson in the ECC is ultimately responsible
for direction and control of the emergency management functions.
b. The Emergency Chairperson is the Chief Elected Official of the
jurisdiction or jurisdictions involved in the emergency and/or their
designee through a delegation of authority. Details of the
designation of the Emergency Chairperson are presented in
Appendix 1, Direction and Control.
5. The Emergency Chairperson provides direction, using the National
Incident Management System (NIMS), to the response agencies through
the positions of Emergency Coordination Center Staff. The ECC provides
a single coordination point for all the agencies involved in the response to
an emergency and also for coordination of emergency information
released to the public and media. The ECC staff may include the following
positions: Emergency Chairperson, Emergency Manager, Sheriff, Law
Enforcement Coordinator, Legal Advisor, Public Information Officer,
Benton/Franklin Health Officer, Operations Coordinator, Fire
Coordinator, Public Works, Transportation Coordinator, State Liaison,
Facility Liaison, and American Red Cross. Some or all of these positions
may be filled, or other positions added, depending on the needs of the
emergency or disaster. The ECC/EOC organization is described in
Appendix 1, Direction and Control.
6. The Incident Commander provides direction and control as delegated by
the responsible city/county/agency having responsibility/jurisdiction for
the incident or emergency. The IC will receive further strategic direction
from the Multi Agency Coordination (MAC)/Decision Group throughout
the incident/emergency.
7. The ECC/EOC has the ability to notify the general public utilizing a
number of systems which include the Emergency Alert System, the
Columbia Generating Station/Department of Energy siren systems and the
CodeRED mass electronic telephone notification system at the discretion
of the Emergency Chairperson. ECC/EOC notifications to the public will
be conducted in compliance with the Limited English Proficiency
requirements mandated in Presidential Executive Order 13166 and by
Washington State RCW 38.52.070. These communication processes are
outlined in Appendix 9 - Limited English Proficiency Response
requirements of this plan.
D. Emergency Coordination/Operations Facilities
The Franklin County Emergency Coordination Center is in the Port of Pasco,
1011 E. Ainsworth St., Pasco, Washington, 99301 (46o 13' 10.05" N, 119 o 04'
57.52" W). It is occupied by Franklin County Emergency Management and the
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Pasco Fire Training. The designated alternate ECC is located in the Franklin
County Sheriff’s Office in the Public Safety Building or at the Benton County
Emergency Management facility located at 651 Truman Ave, Richland, WA
99352.
Each participating jurisdiction and agency will designate its own location for
direction of its response function. The FCEM staff can and will relocate to any of
the jurisdictions’ signatory to this plan, for integration into any facility they deem
appropriate.
E. Mitigation Activities
Mitigation activities that are specific to individual Emergency Support Functions
are identified in the ESFs and the mitigation procedures for individual
participating agencies.
1. FCEM will prepare and maintain a Hazard Mitigation Plan (HMP),
coordinate with other agencies for management of specific mitigation
projects, provide public information on mitigation and coordinate with
Washington Emergency Management Division on mitigation issues.
2. All agencies and jurisdictions develop and implement a plan to reduce or
alleviate the loss of life, property, economy and the environment from
natural and human caused hazards.
3. Basic mitigation consideration includes;
(1) Removal or elimination of the hazard
(2) Reduce or limit the amount or size of the hazard
(3) Segregate the hazard from that which is being protected.
(4) Establish hazard warning and communication procedures.
(5) Conduct training and education, coordinate exercises
F. Preparedness Activities
Preparedness activities that are specific to individual Emergency Support
Functions are identified in the ESFs and the preparedness procedures for
individual participating agencies.
1. Franklin County Emergency Management has prepared this CEMP and
other plans to help ensure timely and coordinated response to any
emergency or disaster.
2. Local agencies and organizations should develop and implement
procedures to carry out their responsibilities as outlined in the plan. Lines
of authority should be identified and documents for the continuity of
government should be protected. Individuals with responsibilities during
assessment and mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery phases
should be identified and aware of their emergency responsibilities.
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3. Franklin County Emergency Management helps coordinate the required
NIMS/ICS and other training to local emergency responder agencies
following guidelines issued by the Department of Homeland Security, the
Washington State Military Department/Emergency Management Division
and the Federal Emergency Management Agency. This training, coupled
with regular drills and exercises of the plans and procedures, provides an
enhanced state of readiness for the community.
4. Franklin County Emergency Management regularly participates in events
which are designed to provide educational material to the public under the
joint Federal Emergency Management Agency/American Red Cross
Family Protection Program and FEMA/Department of Homeland Security
programs. The goal of these programs is to encourage each individual and
family in Franklin County to prepare for disaster by developing a family
disaster plan, equipping themselves with a minimum of a 72-hour disaster
supplies kit, and learning the basic first aid skills necessary for survival in
a disaster. Families should attempt to be 2 weeks ready.
G. Response Activities
Response activities that are specific to individual Emergency Support Functions
are identified in the ESFs and the response procedures for individual participating
agencies. Each agency’s specific standard operating guides, procedures and
policies are the standard by which they will respond.
The following are response measures under this plan that apply to all hazards and
support functions.
1. Upon request from the Incident Commander, staff the Emergency
Coordination Center and functional work centers to provide for reliable
and timely communication and coordination of response activities and
resources.
2. Assess conditions to determine needed actions to protect people, minimize
property damage and economic loss.
3. Identify and deploy material and personnel support to on-scene
responders.
4. Identify and activate services to minimize human suffering and loss.
5. If an emergency or disaster situation exceeds the resources and/or
capabilities of city or county emergency services and those available
through mutual aid agreements, the Chief Elected Official of the
jurisdiction affected may issue a proclamation of emergency. This
authorizes the emergency use of resources and emergency expenditures,
activates the emergency plan and implements state response for support.
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6. If local resources are exhausted, requests for assistance from State and/or
Federal government will be initiated through the State Emergency
Operations Center (SEOC) and/or the State Duty Officer.
H. RECOVERY ACTIVITIES
Recovery activities are addressed in Emergency Support Functions 14 –
Recovery. The following are recovery measures under this plan that apply to all
hazards and support functions.
1. Recovery operations will be coordinated through the designated Recovery
Team leader in the Emergency Coordination Center.
2. Transition to Recovery is a difficult process and the ECC planning team
will need focus and define when the emergency migrates from response to
recovery. This process should start immediately when the danger to public
health and safety starts to diminish. Focus will shift to planning for brining
vital systems, resources and life lines back to operational status.
3. The goal of long-term recovery will be to return the infrastructure of the
community to pre-disaster conditions. Assistance with long-term recovery
is available from the Federal Emergency Management Agency through a
Presidential Disaster Proclamation under Public Law 93-288 Robert T
Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act. Any such long-
term recovery efforts will include mitigation efforts that may eliminate the
hazard or reduce the impact of a recurrence.
V. RESPONSIBILITIES
A. General
This section gives a summary of responsibilities under the Comprehensive
Emergency Management Plan. Details of individual agency and organizational
responsibilities are found in the appropriate Emergency Support Functions of this
plan, which discuss the functions to be performed in emergency and disaster
situations.
B. Concept of Operations-Overview
The Chairperson of the Board of County Commissioners or the Mayor of any
incorporated city is considered the Chief Elected Official of the jurisdiction. The
Chief Elected Official (or a person designated by that Official) will report to the
Emergency Coordination/Operation Center to assume direction and control of the
Decision Maker Group/Multi-Agency Coordination(MAC) Group activities as the
Emergency Chairperson for that jurisdiction in response to the effects of disasters
County and/or city departments are assigned coordinated disaster functions
according to their normal operational functions and capabilities, and are
responsible to prepare procedures in order to fulfill these disaster functions.
C. Agency or Department Responsibilities
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1. Franklin County Board of County Commissioners
a. Issue proclamation of emergency as prescribed in RCW 36.40.180.
b. Establish emergency policies for the county during and emergency
or disaster.
c. Provide liaison to mayors, other county commissioners or to the
Governor in emergency or disaster related matters.
d. To request state assistance from either the Governor or other
appropriate state agencies/departments.
e. Issue, amend, or rescind necessary orders, rules and regulation to
carry out emergency management operations.
2. City Mayors and Councils
a. Issue local proclamation of emergency as prescribed in RCW
35.33.081.
b. Establish emergency policies for the respective municipality
during and emergency or disaster.
c. Provide liaison to mayors, other county commissioners or to the
Governor in emergency or disaster related matters.
d. Issue, amend, or rescind necessary orders, rules and regulation to
carry out emergency management operations.
3. Franklin County Emergency Management Board of Directors
a. Appoint the Director of Emergency Management and establish the
Franklin County Emergency Management organization.
b. Promulgate the Franklin County CEMP and present the document
to their respective entity they are representing for approval.
c. Approve the Emergency Management Organization Interlocal
Agreement for presentation to each of the signatory municipalities.
d. Approve the By-Laws for the Franklin County Emergency
Management Board of Directors
4. Emergency Chairperson
a. Assume control of the Multi-Agency Coordination
(MAC)/Decision Making Group, and with the advice and
assistance of staff, determine appropriate protective actions for the
citizens of the city/county.
b. Directs the implementation of emergency response and recovery
plans, warn and inform the public, declare an emergency if needed,
and preserve the continuity of the executive branch of government.
Authorize funding for response and control of the emergency.
c. Issues, amends and rescinds the necessary orders, rules and
regulations to carry out emergency management operations, and
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may if needed, request State or Federal assistance through the
Washington State Emergency Operations Center.
5. Emergency Management
a. Franklin County Emergency Management is responsible for
carrying out the emergency management programs and
coordinating the disaster mitigation, preparedness, response and
recovery efforts of all areas, both incorporated and unincorporated
within Franklin County.
b. FCEM will assist in dissemination of emergency messages to the
general public.
c. FCEM will maintain and operate the Emergency
Coordination/Operations Center for Franklin County and its
incorporated municipalities.
d. Upon request from the Incident Commander or if the situation
warrants, FCEM will activate the FC-ECC/EOC. Activation can be
a hybrid of any of the four levels described below, including
remote operations from different locations or even from home. FC-
ECC/EOC activations will be utilizing a phased response approach
with three general activation levels:
Level 3 – MONITORING ACTIVATION
The routine activation level in which FCEM conducts their
daily emergency management responsibilities. The FCEM
employees manage and coordinate incidents in cooperation
with the SEOC.
Level 2 – PARTIAL ACTIVATION
When an incident exceeds the capability or capacity of the
local response/responders the FC-ECC activates to a Level
2 Partial Activation. In a Partial Activation, one or more of
the FC-ECC/EOC functions (Operations, Planning,
Logistics, or Finance/Administration) activate to support
the incident or the impacted jurisdictions State agencies
activate to fill Emergency Support Functions (ESFs) as
dictated by the incident.
Level 1 – FULL ACTIVATION
All the ECC functions (Operations, Planning, Logistics,
and Finance/Administration) activate to support the
incident or the impacted jurisdiction(s). Local
agencies/departments and volunteers are utilized to fill
Emergency Support Functions (ESFs) as dictated by the
incident.
6. Communications
a. The Southeast Communications (SECOMM) Center will assist in
dissemination of warning, notification and updates to emergency
response agencies.
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b. Franklin County has a significant percentage of
residents/population that speak Spanish as their primary language.
Emergency communications and messaging will be provided in
both English and Spanish utilizing the Washington State
Translation line, volunteer translators and/or Google Translate and
outlined in Appendix 9 - Limited English Proficiency Response.
7. Law Enforcement
a. Maintain law and order within their jurisdictions during times of
emergency or disaster. This is accomplished by continuing their
normal functions, which include assisting with warning and
evacuation of affected areas, providing traffic and crowd control,
and protecting key public officials. Also, providing security for
the Emergency Coordination Center and other key facilities.
8. Fire Departments and Fire Protection Districts
a. Maintain routine firefighting and rescue services, emergency
medical, hazardous material initial scene assessment, isolation,
containment, monitoring and decontamination.
9. EMS/North Franklin Public Hospital District #1
a. North Franklin Public Hospital District #1 is responsible for
emergency medical services in the northern portions of Franklin
County.
b. Some fire districts and city fire departments are responsible for
EMS in their jurisdictions. Currently only the City of Pasco and
Franklin County Fire District #3 have EMS services other than
North Franklin Public Hospital District #1.
c. There are a couple private EMS providers in Franklin County –
American Medical Response (AMR) and MedStar which respond
throughout Franklin County.
10. Public Works/Engineers
a. City and County Departments of Engineering and/or Public Works
are a primary resource during emergency and disaster situations.
b. Specifically, they will maintain roads, waterways, bridges, water
systems, sewers, and treatment facilities. Provide barricading
equipment, assist with rescue operations, and assist with
emergency removal and disposal of debris.
c. Conduct damage assessment of public facilities, provide inspection
of facilities to determine structural condition, provide diking
material for hazardous materials, supply fuel for operation of
equipment, and coordinate construction management of private
labor and equipment.
11. Assessor's Office
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a. Assist in times of emergency by conducting damage assessments
during response and recovery by making special efforts to preserve
vital records.
12. Auditor's Office
a. Assist the Emergency Chairperson in the administration of disaster
related budgets, provide financial record keeping capabilities and
establish a system for tracking and documentation of expenses
during an emergency.
b. Establish a system for removal and safety of public records.
c. Track and account for personnel expenses for the response
13. Washington State University Cooperative Extension Office
a. During mitigation and preparedness phases, provide, in
cooperation with regulatory agencies, information and education to
the general public regarding production, diseases in animals and
plants, and handling of animals.
b. During the response and recovery phases, provide a copy of United
States Department of Agriculture's "Damage Assessment Report"
to Franklin County Emergency Management.
14. Coroner
a. Responsible for emergency morgue facilities, care for the
deceased, including identification, mortuary services and
notification of the next of kin. Plan for and implement a plan for
mass fatality/mortuary services during emergencies. More specific
information is in ESF – 8 and 8A.
15. Health District
a. Advise the Emergency Chairperson/IC on matters relating to health
and safety of the public and emergency workers.
b. Coordinate medical and public health services during disaster
operations, and ensure that disaster related health effects on the
public and emergency workers are kept to a minimum.
c. Supervise the food and water quality control program during
disasters and will, if needed, manage disease control operations
and immunizations/vaccinations
d. Be the local lead organization in any disease/pandemic/public
health type emergencies.
e. Be the local lead organization for isolation and quarantine
planning/facilities.
16. Parks and Recreation
a. Provide equipment and personnel in support of the response and
recovery efforts. Provide parks and recreation facilities to be used
for mass care, assembly and relocation areas. Provide damage
assessment reports of park and recreation facilities.
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17. Southeast Washington Special Operations Group (SEWSOG)
Hazardous Materials Response Team
a. Provide advice and assistance to the Incident Commander and/or
the Emergency Chairperson in controlling and containing
hazardous materials releases.
b. Respond in Franklin County to the areas that are currently
contracted with the SEWSOG Team. If possible, negotiate with the
responsible party and/or jurisdiction having authority for a fee-
based response in areas not under contract and if requested.
18. Prosecutor and City Attorneys
a. Provide legal advice to the Emergency Chairperson and
Emergency Coordination Center Staff in the development and
execution of emergency plans, procedures, agreements and
proclamations of emergency.
Other departments and agencies within Franklin County and its jurisdictions,
although not specifically mentioned in the plan, may be asked by the
Emergency Chairperson in times of emergency or disaster to provide personnel
to other departments as needed, and to perform other emergency tasks as
assigned.
19. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers – Walla Walla District
a. Upon request by officials of the local jurisdiction and the County
Emergency Management Director, the Corps of Engineers may
serve as a resource provider to emergencies within Franklin
County, with the authority to deploy personnel to assist under an
all-hazards emergency response.
b. Technical, material, and direct assistance are the forms of response
the Walla Walla District of the US Army Corps of Engineers can
provide to water-related disasters within the County. Technical
assistance includes providing guidance on flood fight techniques
and emergency construction methods; inspecting flood protection
projects and dams to identify problems and recommend corrective
measures; and providing hydraulic or hydrologic analysis,
geotechnical evaluations, topography and stream data, maps, and
historic flood or storm information. Material assistance includes
issuing supplies (primarily sandbags) and loaning pumps. Direct
assistance includes rescue operations, and on-the-ground flood
fight operations.
20. American Red Cross
a. Provide food, shelter and first aid to disaster victims and
emergency workers, and will coordinate with the Salvation Army
and other social agencies to provide individualized assistance to
families.
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2021 - CEMP Page 23
b. Coordinate with school districts to provide facilities for Mass Care
operations, and will handle welfare inquiries from concerned
family members outside of disaster area.
21. The Salvation Army
a. Provide food, clothing and other supplies, and counseling and
chaplaincy services as needed by disaster victims or emergency
workers in coordination with the Red Cross and other relief
agencies.
22. Columbia Basin Dive and Rescue
a. Perform search, rescue and recovery services for water related
emergencies and assist, as needed, in land search and rescue
operations. Will obtain a mission number from the Washington
State Duty Officer before responding, either through SECOMM or
Franklin County Emergency Management.
23. Area Hospitals
a. Provide health care and emergency medical services to disaster
victims and emergency workers.
b. Provide statistical information to the Emergency Coordination
Center.
c. Jointly activate the Mass Casualty Incident Plan and Disaster
Medical Coordination Center plan/procedures with the On-Scene
Incident Commander.
24. Public Utility District and electric utilities
a. Provide services to restore electrical power on a priority basis,
repair damaged generating facilities, and remove downed electrical
lines. Possibly asked for support for tree removal to clear
roadways.
25. School districts
a. School District will provide facilities and personnel for mass care
and may be asked to provide buses for transportation support,
public information officer/Spanish speaking support and possible
access to school monitoring cameras.
26. Benton- Franklin Transit
a. Provide buses and drivers for transportation support if needed and
fill the transportation coordinator position in the ECC.
27. Benton-Franklin Humane Society
a. Coordinate with Animal Control and the Red Cross to develop
plans and procedures for animal response operations.
28. ARES/RACES
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2021 - CEMP Page 24
a. Coordination of emergency communications with emergency
management to augment emergency response agencies.
29. Second Harvest
a. Coordination of emergency food supplies and distribution
VI. PLAN MAINTENANCE
A. This Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan is required by law and is the
basis for an integrated system of Emergency Management in Franklin County, in
accordance with the requirements of RCW 38.52 and WAC 118.30.
B. This plan, at a minimum, will be reviewed on a (5) five-year cycle or in
compliance with future applicable regulations.
C. This plan and Franklin County Emergency Management procedures will also be
reviewed after emergency exercises and actual occurrences that implement
portions of this plan.
D. This plan is the documentation of the planning process and as such needs to be a
product of that process, and it is essential this be accomplished with the input and
cooperation of all participants.
E. Local agency and organization actions support the overall emergency
management function in the County. The operating procedures of those agencies
and organizations, when coordinated and integrated with the CEMP form the
backbone of the operational concept of the Emergency Management
Organization.
F. NIMS Integration
1. NIMS is a system mandated by Homeland Security Presidential Directive-
5 (HSPD-5) that provides a consistent, nationwide approach for Federal,
State, local, and tribal governments; the private sector; and non-
governmental organizations (NGOs) to effectively and efficiently work
together to prepare for, respond to, and recover from domestic incidents,
regardless of cause, size, or complexity.
2. To provide for interoperability and compatibility among Federal, State,
local, and tribal capabilities, the NIMS includes a core set of concepts,
principles, and terminology.
3. In accordance with NIMS, Franklin County has integrated the system in
all phases of its planning and operations.
G. Franklin County Emergency Management
1. Maintain the record of changes for the CEMP.
2. Coordinate with local agencies in the development, review and
maintenance of the ESFs that contain agency responsibilities.
3. Review the entire CEMP on a five-year cycle, with a general updates of
the plan annually.
Franklin County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan Basic Plan
2021 - CEMP Page 25
4. Coordinate the critiques and reviews of exercises and actual events to
address specific functional elements of the CEMP, and make necessary
and appropriate revisions.
5. Assist local agencies and organizations in the development and
maintenance of their jurisdiction’s specific emergency plans/procedures.
Franklin County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan Appendix 1: Direction and Control
2021 - CEMP Pg Appendix 1 - 1
APPENDIX 1
DIRECTION AND CONTROL
I. PURPOSE
The purpose of this Appendix is to provide for effective supervision, authority and
cooperative functioning of emergency response for the FC-ECC/EOC under this plan and
to ensure the continued operation of government during the response and recovery phases
of emergencies and disasters.
II. AUTHORITIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES
A. Chief Elected Official. The Chief Elected Official has the authority to issue a
declaration of emergency if a condition exceeds the resources and/or capabilities
of the city or county emergency services and those available through mutual aid
agreements.
Unincorporated County Areas
1. For emergency conditions that involve unincorporated areas of the county
or more than one incorporated city, the Chief Elected Official is the
Chairperson of the Board of County Commissioners or their designee.
2. In the absence of the Chairperson of the Board of Commissioners, any
available County Commissioner may assume the role of Chief Elected
Official of Franklin County for purposes of initiating a declaration of
emergency. If no County Commissioners are available, the line of
succession described in Franklin County Resolution 2021-253, Continuity
of Government, When the Commissioners are Unavailable for an
Emergency Situation, it will be followed. The order of succession is:
• Sheriff
• County Prosecutor
• County Administrator
Incorporated Areas
3. For emergency conditions that are confined to the geographic limits of an
incorporated city within Franklin County, the Chief Elected Official is the
Mayor.
4. In the absence of the Mayor, an elected City Council member will assume
the role of Chief Elected Official for that city according to the line of
succession described in the city ordinances. At the discretion of the City
Council, the authority to act as Chief Elected Official may be vested in the
City Manager or City Administrator.
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B. Emergency Chairperson. Upon issuance of a proclamation of emergency, the
Chief Elected Official of the affected jurisdiction will assume (or delegate) the
duties and responsibilities of Emergency Chairperson.
1. In Pasco, Connell, Kahlotus, or Mesa, the Mayor may choose to delegate
the responsibility of Emergency Chairperson to the City Manager, City
Administrator, or any elected City Council Member.
2. In the circumstance that more than one jurisdiction within Franklin County
is involved in or threatened by the emergency, the Chairperson of the
Board of Commissioners (or designee) and the Mayor of the jurisdiction(s)
involved (or designee) may act jointly in the capacity of Emergency
Chairperson.
3. The Emergency Chairperson/designee will direct that the Emergency
Coordination Center, be partially or fully activated to serve as the central
point of coordination and/or control and direction.
4. The Emergency Chairperson, or designee will report to the Emergency
Coordination Center and:
• Provide overall direction for the emergency coordination center or
issue a delegation of those authorities.
• Assume responsibility for all policy actions/decisions for the
jurisdiction or issue a delegation of those authorities.
• Direct the implementation of those policy actions/decisions, either
unilaterally or through initiating a Multi-Agency Coordination
(MAC)/Decision Group and/or issue a delegation of those
authorities.
• Authorize emergency expenditures, staff response and resources as
requested by the Incident Commander.
5. Any changes to the line of succession described in 2.1 above or pre-
designation of Emergency Chairmen will be formally approved by the
Commissioners or City Councils. The Commissioners or City Councils
will inform FCEM of any such changes, their effective dates, and their
duration.
III. EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT ORGANIZATION
A. The Franklin County Emergency Management Organization is comprised of a
Director, Deputy Director, Administrative Executive and a Program Coordinator.
B. A primary role of Franklin County Emergency Management staff during an
activation is to provide support to the incident commander by assisting in resource
Franklin County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan Appendix 1: Direction and Control
2021 - CEMP Pg Appendix 1 - 3
ordering and coordination, public information functions and alert/warning of the
public as requested/needed.
C. The Franklin County Emergency Management staff will manage and ensure
operability of the Emergency Coordination/Operation Center as a primary
responsibility/function.
IV. EMERGENCY COORDINATION/OPERATIONS CENTER
A. The Franklin County Emergency Coordination/Operations Center is in the Port of
Pasco, located at 1011 E. Ainsworth St., Pasco, Washington (46°13'10.05" N,
119° 4'57.52" W).
B. The designated alternate ECC/EOC is located in the Sheriff’s Office at the Public
Safety Building (1016 N. 4th - Pasco).
C. Each participating jurisdiction and agency may designate an Incident Command
Post for direction and control of their response effort. The FCEM staff may
relocate to any of the signatories to this plan for integration into any facility they
deem appropriate.
D. The FC-ECC’s primary function is to provide logistical, and coordination support
to the incident or event as directed by the incident command authority and/or
existing response plans. Historically, this is the predominant situation in Franklin
County.
E. The FC-EOC’s primary function is to provide the Incident Commander an
operational facility to command response activities during a major
disaster/emergency. In catastrophic incidents or disasters, the ECC may be
utilized as the Emergency Operations Center (EOC). In such cases, the EOC will
provide operational control of the incident/event resources under the direction of
the Incident Commander. Some emergencies are not conducive to having
command and control near the incident but can be managed more efficiently and
safely from the operations center. The Incident Command structure will be
utilized and will be operating under the direction and control of the Incident
Commander. The Incident Commander will control the disaster/emergency
through authorities issued via a delegation of authority. The Hanford Site and
Columbia Generating Station plans will utilize the FCEM facility as an
Emergency Operations Center.
F. The Emergency Coordination/Operations Center will be staffed and activated at
one of the following phased levels upon request from an incident commander or
as determined by existing plans:
1. Level 3 – MONITORING
The routine activity level in which FCEM staff conducts their daily
emergency management responsibilities. The FCEM employees monitor
and coordinate incidents in cooperation with the WA-SEOC.
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2. Level 2 – PARTIAL ACTIVATION
When an incident exceeds the capability or capacity of the local
response/responders the FC-ECC/EOC activates to a Level 2 Partial
Activation. In a Partial Activation, one or more of the FC-ECC/EOC
functions (Planning, Logistics) activate to support the incident or the
impacted jurisdictions. An Operations section and/or
Finance/Administration section may be activated at the direction of the
Incident Commander or the Emergency Manager). State agencies activate
to fill Emergency Support Functions (ESFs) as dictated by the incident.
3. Level 1 – FULL ACTIVATION
The ECC/EOC functions (Planning, Logistics, and Administration)
activate to support the incident or the impacted jurisdictions. An
Operations section and/or Finance section may be activated at the
direction of the Incident Commander or the Emergency Manager). Local
agencies/departments and volunteers are utilized to fill Emergency
Support Functions (ESFs) as dictated by the incident.
Franklin County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan Appendix 2: Public Information
2021 – CEMP
Pg Appendix 2 - 1
APPENDIX 2
PUBLIC INFORMATION
I. PURPOSE
The purpose of this Appendix is to provide for and maintain a program that prepares and
distributes emergency information and instructions to the public before, during and after
emergencies, using all available communications media.
II. CONCEPT OF OPERATIONS
A. The functions of public information include the dissemination of timely and
accurate information that promotes personal safety and survival, offers advice on
protection of property, gives accurate information on the actions of government and
the expected role of citizens, neutralizes rumors, and outlines assistance available
from local, State, Federal and volunteer agencies.
B. Joint Information Center/System (JIC/JIS) will be established to serve as a focus for
public information activities at the FC-ECC or designated facility/location by the
Incident Commander. The Department of Energy and Energy Northwest
emergency plans have designated locations for a JIC in their respective plans.
C. Upon request from an Incident Commander, FCEM staff will act as the Public
Information Officer for the Incident Commander, or as PIO support for the Incident
Commander.
D. When utilizing the Emergency Alert System, IPAWS and/or CodeRED mass
notification systems, messages will be sent in English and Spanish as depicted in
Appendix 9 Limited English Proficiency Response in this CEMP.
III. AUTHORITIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES
A. Franklin County and each city will appoint a Public Information Officer (PIO) and
notify FCEM of the appointment. PIO’s will be selected based on their ability to
write media releases, speak effectively, understand media practices, and understand
emergency situations.
B. The Chief Elected Official of an affected jurisdiction will:
1. Notify FCEM if activation of the Public Information team is required.
2. Coordinate the release of information with the FCEM PIO if the Public
Information team is not activated.
3. Approve all news releases during an emergency or disaster.
4. Designate a location to serve as an information/media center.
C. The Director of Emergency Management will:
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Pg Appendix 2 - 2
1. Activate the public information team when conditions exist that require
instructions to the public or generate public concern or media inquiries.
2. Serve as part of the public information team.
3. Ensure FCEM staff have taken PIO courses and are trained appropriately.
4. Support Incident Command with PIO capabilities when requested.
D. Franklin County Emergency Management PIO will:
1. In coordination with Local, State and Federal agencies, develop and maintain
procedures for dissemination of emergency public information, including
provisions for the coordination of information and authentication of news
releases prior to their release.
2. Coordinate with the PIO from other jurisdictions during an emergency
situation.
3. Develop and maintain phone lists and other means of communication with the
media to support rapid dissemination of warnings and emergency information.
4. With concurrence of the Chief Elected Official, serve as jurisdiction
spokesperson in the absence of a jurisdiction PIO.
5. Coordinate and monitor release of all emergency public information,
emergency instructions, and news releases concerning the safety and welfare
of the citizens of Franklin County.
6. Coordinate the release of information with the affected jurisdiction's PIO
and/or Chief Elected Official.
7. Arrange for a Spanish translator to translate emergency information for the
public, as time permits and as depicted in Appendix 9 of this CEMP.
8. Upon request of the Incident Commander, act as the PIO for the command
staff either on-scene or from the Emergency Coordination Center.
E. City and County Public Information Officers will:
1. Report to the Emergency Coordination Center or other designated location
in Franklin County.
2. Assume the role of Lead PIO/Spokesperson if the event involves their
jurisdiction, or delegate that responsibility to someone else.
3. Coordinate the release of event information with Incident Command and
the FC-ECC – if the FC-ECC is activated.
4. Utilize FCEM staff as appropriate to support the PIO function during an
emergency.
IV. FACILITIES/SYSTEM
Upon activating the public information team, an information/media center will be
established at the affected jurisdiction and/or at FCEM. If an information/media
facility is not activated, an information system will be created and managed by the
lead PIO. This is commonly referred to as a Joint Information System (JIS). On-
scene PIO functions such as media control, may occur near the scene of the
emergency upon direction from the Incident Commander
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Pg Appendix 2 - 3
V. NOTIFICATIONS/MEDIA
A. The radio and television stations serving Franklin County will serve as principal
means of quickly disseminating emergency public information for large incidents.
Most of the broadcasters in Franklin County are participating members of the
Columbia Basin EAS Operational Area.
B. For more targeted emergency notifications, Franklin County can utilize
IPAWS/WEA and CodeRED systems that are managed and authorized for use to
Franklin County Emergency Management. All Franklin County Emergency
Management staff are trained on these systems and are required to test them
weekly.
C. The following print media serve the Franklin County area:
1. Tri-City Herald, Kennewick
2. Franklin County Graphic, Connell
3. La Voz, Pasco
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APPENDIX 3
REFERENCES
This Plan was developed and is maintained pursuant to, but not limited to the following statutes,
regulations and existing plan documents. Each Appendix, Annex or Emergency Support
Function (ESF) may include additional references that pertain to that specific document.
LOCAL REFERENCES:
• Interlocal Cooperative Agreement for Franklin County Emergency Management
• City of Pasco COOP and COG Plan, Resolution No. 3947, 03/23/2020
• City of Pasco Snow Plow Route Plan
• Franklin County Emergency Management - Department of Energy-Richland Operations
Office Emergency Response Plan
• Franklin County – Columbia Generating Station Emergency Response Plan
GOVERNING REVISED CODES OF WASHINGTON (RCW) AND WASHINGTON
ADMINISTRATIVE CODE (WAC):
• RCW 09.73 - Rights of Privacy
• RCW 35A - Optional Municipal Code
• RCW 38.52 - Emergency Management
• RCW 38.52.110 - Use of existing services and facilities
• RCW 43.43.960 - State Fire Mobilization
• RCW 52 - Fire Protection Districts
• RCW 70A.415 - Hazardous Substance Information
• RCW 70 - Public Health and Safety
• RCW 70.136 - Hazardous Materials Incidents
• WAC 118 - Emergency Management
• WAC 118.04 - Emergency Worker Program
FEDERAL GOVERNING STATUES:
• Public Law 93-288, The Disaster Relief Act of 1974, as amended by Public Law 100-
707, The Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act
• Public Law 920, Federal Civil Defense Act of 1950, as amended
• Public Law 96-342, Improved Civil Defense 1980
• Public Law 99-499, Superfund Amendment and Reauthorization Act (SARA) of 1986,
Title III, Emergency Planning Community Right-to-Know Act (EPCRA)
• Current Census Data for Washington State
Franklin County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan Appendix 3: References
2021 – CEMP
Pg Appendix 3 - 2
PLAN REFERENCES:
• Franklin County Emergency Management - Department of Energy-Richland Operations
Office Emergency Response Plan
• Franklin County – Columbia Generating Station Emergency Response Plan
• Washington State Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan (CEMP)
• Washington State Fire Services Resource Mobilization Plan
• Washington State Integrated Fixed Facility Radiological and Chemical Protection Plan
• Washington State Department of Ecology Northwest Area Contingency Plan & Region
10 Regional Contingency Plan
• National Planning Frameworks
• Washington State Office of Financial Management (April population statistics)
• Washington State Department of Ecology Emergency Planning & Community Right-to-
Know Act
Franklin County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan Appendix 4: Definitions
2021 – CEMP Pg Appendix 4 - 1
APPENDIX 4
DEFINITIONS AND ACRONYMS
Activation Levels - Upon request from the Incident Commander or if the situation warrants,
FCEM will activate the FC-ECC. Activation can be a hybrid of any of the four levels described
below, including remote operations from different locations or even from home. FC-ECC
activations will be utilizing a phased response approach with three general activation levels:
Level 3 – MONITORING ACTIVATION
The routine activation level in which FCEM conducts their normal/daily emergency
management responsibilities. The FCEM employees manage and coordinate incidents in
cooperation with the SEOC.
Level 2 – PARTIAL ACTIVATION
Phase II activation is for enhanced operations where an incident could potentially grow to the
point where the Incident Commander could need assistance coordinating resources. The most
senior FCEM staff will call in additional FCEM staff as needed and appropriate. One or more
of the FC-ECC/EOC functions (Operations, Planning, Logistics, or Finance/Administration)
activate to support the incident or the impacted jurisdictions. The ECC staff will continue to
monitor and process requests for assistance from the incident. The WA-SEOC will be
notified and a mission number should be requested by the FCEM ECC/EOC. The SEOC may
activate ESFs as needed/dictated by the incident.
Level 1 – FULL ACTIVATION
Level 1 activation has, at a minimum, the required positions for ECC/EOC to be declared
operational. All the ECC functions (Operations, Planning, Logistics, and
Finance/Administration) activate to support the incident or the impacted jurisdiction(s). All
positions should be notified to respond to the ECC/EOC, and if not responding, put on
standby. Local agencies/departments and volunteers are utilized to fill Emergency Support
Functions (ESFs) as dictated by the incident.
Access Control Point (ACP) - Road or highway control points staffed primarily by State or
county law enforcement, augmented as necessary by the National Guard and/or designated
response agencies to facilitate the exit from and deny the entry of unauthorized personnel into an
area of risk. Access control is an enforcement function involving the deployment of vehicles,
barricades, or other devices around the perimeter of the risk area, to deny access into the area.
CodeRED System – Is a mass notification system that is utilized in Franklin County to notify
residents of emergency actions they need to take in their specific area. This system has the ability
to notify residents that have opted-in to use the free system via text, email and/or telephone call.
This system is the conduit to utilize IPAWS. CodeRED will be utilized in compliance with
Appendix 9 of this CEMP.
Disaster - An emergency situation of such magnitude that it is beyond the capability of the
resources available within Franklin County and its mutual aid agreements. Generally, a disaster
is a situation that requires assistance in response and/or recovery from State and Federal
government agencies.
Franklin County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan Appendix 4: Definitions
2021 – CEMP Pg Appendix 4 - 2
Emergency - Any situation requiring resources or response by one or more than one agency to
save life and/or protect property and the environment. It may be very extensive in scope, but
remains within the capabilities of the jurisdiction involved, including use of mutual aid.
Emergency Alert System (EAS) - A cooperative agreement between commercial radio and
television stations to allow local or state officials to use their facilities to broadcast emergency
information to the general public in the event of a life-threatening situation. This system is a
large scale notification through all media that cover Franklin County via radio and/or television.
Emergency Chairperson - The person in charge of the direction and control of any emergency or
disaster from the Emergency Coordination Center. The Chief Elected Official (or designee) will
report to the Emergency Coordination Center to assume direction and control of policy type
activities as the Emergency Chairperson for that jurisdiction in response to the effects of
disasters (See Appendix 1, Direction and Control). The Chairperson of the Board of County
Commissioners or the Mayor of any incorporated city is considered the Chief Elected Official of
the jurisdiction.
Emergency Coordination/Operations Center (ECC/EOC) – A facility where officials meet to
provide emergency direction and control during a large emergency or disaster. It is located in
the Port of Pasco, 1011 E. Ainsworth St., Pasco, Washington. It is occupied by Franklin County
Emergency Management and Pasco Fire Training Operations.
Emergency Coordination/Operations Center Staff - The functional positions in the Emergency
Coordination/Operations Center. Activation may occur at one of three activation levels, as
defined in Appendix 1, Direction and Control.
Emergency Worker Assistance Center (EWAC) - A place where emergency workers are
monitored and decontaminated if necessary, following a nuclear or chemical emergency. In
Franklin County, the Emergency Worker Center is co-located with a public mass care facility
(Assistance Center).
Emergency Planning Zone (EPZ) - Geographical area delineated around a potential hazard that
defines the anticipated areas of impact in order to facilitate planning for the protection of people
during an emergency.
Evacuation Levels – they are protective actions that residents may be instructed to undertake in
order to provide safety and security of their well-being.
Level 1 Get
Ready!
Residents should be aware of the danger that exists in their
area, monitor local media outlets for information. Residents
with special needs (such as a susceptibility to breathing
problems in wildfires or those with animals/pets) should take
note and begin making arrangements to evacuate.
Evacuations at this time are voluntary.
Level 2 Get Set! There is a significant risk to your area and residents should
be ready to leave at a moment’s notice OR voluntarily
relocate to a shelter or with family/friends outside of the area
Franklin County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan Appendix 4: Definitions
2021 – CEMP Pg Appendix 4 - 3
Level 3 GO! Conditions present a specific & immediate threat to life and
safety in your area, residents should evacuate immediately
Franklin County Emergency Management (FCEM) – A political subdivision of Franklin County
per Interlocal Agreement in compliance with RCW 38.52.070/ WAC 118-30-060.
Franklin County Emergency Management Board – Governing body for FCEM with
representatives from Pasco (2), Franklin County (2), Connell (1), Mesa (1) and Kahlotus (1).
Integrated Public Alert & Warning (IPAWS) – Is FEMA's national system for local alerting that
provides authenticated emergency and life-saving information to the public through mobile
phones using Wireless Emergency Alerts, to radio and television via the Emergency Alert
System, and on the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Weather Radio. IPAWS
will be activated in compliance with Appendix 9 of this CEMP.
National Warning System (NAWAS) - Installed originally to warn of nuclear attack, this direct
telephone links nearly 2,000 locations around the U.S. manned 24 hours a day. Known as
Warning Points, these locations can talk to each other and to national centers near Washington
DC, and Colorado Springs, CO.
National Weather Service - The U.S. Weather Service's system of issuing weather advisories (by
teletype), especially in the case of very threatening weather with a potential for damage or loss of
life. Local NWS stations are usually found in offices or facilities with 24-hour coverage.
Population at Risk - The population that could possibly be affected by effects of a disaster.
Protective Action - An action taken to avoid or reduce exposure to a hazard. Evacuating,
sheltering indoors etc. are examples of protective actions.
Protective Action Decision (PAD) - A decision reached by the Incident Commander or an
Emergency Chairperson to instruct residents to take a particular action for their own
safety/protection. The decision is usually consistent with the Protective Action Recommendation
(PAR), but may be modified as the Chairperson sees fit.
Protective Action Recommendation (PAR) - A recommendation to the Incident Commander or
an Emergency Chairperson, by a hazard generator, containing a suggested course of action for
the protection of citizens at risk from a particular Hazard. This requires the Emergency
Chairperson and/or the Incident Commander to make a Protective Action Decision (PAD).
Public Information Officer (PIO) - A person designated to disseminate and acquire information
to be distributed to the general public.
Reception Center - A location in a community that is set up by the American Red Cross or other
shelter officials to receive and register persons arriving from an area being evacuated. Evacuees
may be retained at that location for Mass Care, or assigned elsewhere for lodging or shelter.
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2021 – CEMP Pg Appendix 4 - 4
Route Alerting - A method for alerting people. Route alerting is accomplished by emergency
personnel traveling in vehicles along pre-assigned routes and delivering emergency instructions
with public address systems, or by door-to-door notification, advising people to tune to their
Emergency Alert System Station.
SECOMM – the 9-1-1 dispatch center for Benton and Franklin Counties. It is located in
Richland, WA and covers both counties completely, including a small portion of Walla Walla
County in the Burbank area.
Shelter-In-Place - A protective action that involves taking cover in a building that can be made
relatively airtight. Generally, any building suitable for winter habitation will provide some
protection with windows and doors closed and heating, ventilation, and air conditioning system
turned off. Increased effectiveness can be obtained in sheltering by methods such as using an
interior room or basement, taping windows and doors, and other more elaborate systems to limit
natural ventilation. To be used as a protective action, sheltering requires the ability to
communicate to the public when it is safe and/or necessary to emerge from the shelter.
Special Population - that portion of the potentially affected public who require additional effort
and special attention in the event of an emergency. Examples include school and day care
children, the elderly, handicapped persons, residents of nursing homes, hospitals, jails and other
secure facilities, the homeless, and those without private transportation.
Spokesperson – Usually a Public Information Officer (PIO) appointed from a jurisdiction to act
as the Lead PIO and directly interact/interface with media for press conferences or interviews.
Stand-by Status - A state of readiness for emergency personnel and public officials which
indicates they have been alerted to anticipate a call to action, but no action has been indicated.
Tone Alert Radio (TAR) – An emergency radio that will alert the public of a problem at one of
the Hanford site nuclear facilities or Energy Northwest.
Traffic Control Point (TCP) - A location staffed to ensure the continued movement of traffic
inside or outside an area of risk. Traffic control is a temporary function to be implemented at
points where normal traffic controls are inadequate or where redirection of traffic becomes
necessary due to emergency conditions.
Franklin County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan Appendix 4: Definitions
2021 – CEMP Pg Appendix 4 - 5
Acronyms:
ACCESS A Central Computerized Enforcement Service System
ACP Access Control Point
ALS Advanced Life Support
ARC American Red Cross
BFHD Benton-Franklin Health Department
BFT Ben Franklin Transit
BLS Basic Life Support
CEMNET Comprehensive Emergency Management Network
CEMP Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan
CGS Columbia Generating Station
DHS Department of Homeland Security
DOE Department of Energy
DWI Disaster Welfare Information
EAS Emergency Alert system
EMS Emergency Medical Service
ENW Energy Northwest
ECC/EOC Emergency Coordination/Operations Center
EPA Environmental Protection Agency
EPZ Emergency Planning Zone
ERPG Emergency Response Planning Guideline
ESF Emergency Support Function
EWAC Emergency Worker Assistance Center
FCEM Franklin county Emergency Management
FCPW Franklin County Public Works
FEMA Federal Emergency Management Agency
HAZMAT Hazardous Materials
HEAR Hospital Emergency Administrative Radio
HIVA Hazard Identification & Vulnerability Analysis
ICS Incident Command System
IFG Individual and Family Grant
JIC Joint Information Center
JIS Joint Information System
LEPC Local Emergency Planning Committee
MCI Mass Casualty Incident
MEDNET Medical Network
MERS Mobile Emergency Radio Service
NAWAS National Warning System
NIMS National Incident Management System
NLETS National Law Enforcement Teletype System
NRDA Natural Resource Damage Assessment
NWACP Northwest Area Contingency Plan
PAD Protective Action Decision
PAG Protective Action Guide
PAR Protective Action Recommendation
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PDA Preliminary Damage Assessment
PIO Public Information Officer
PUD Public Utility District
PWP Primary Warning Point
RACES Radio Amateur Civil Emergency Services
RCW Revised Code of Washington
SAR Search and Rescue
SECOMM Southeast Communications Center (9-1-1 dispatch)
SEOC State Emergency Operations Center
SEWSOG
Southeast Washington Special Operations Group
HAZMAT Team
SITREPS Situation Reports
TAR Tone Alert Radio
TCP Traffic Control Point
TEDE Total Effective Dose Equivalent
WAC Washington Administrative Codes
WEA Wireless Emergency Alerting - part of IPAWS
WDFW Washington State Department of Fish and Wildlife
WSDA Washington State Department of Agriculture
WSP Washington State Patrol
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APPENDIX 5
ADMINISTRATION
I. PURPOSE
This Appendix specifies the administrative methods and controls that will maintain
emergency operations capabilities and support emergency operations.
II. FISCAL CONTROLS
A. Emergency Expenditures. Emergency expenditures are not normally integrated into
the budgeting process of local governments. Nevertheless, disasters occur on a
periodic basis requiring substantial and necessary unanticipated obligations and
expenditures.
1. Political subdivisions are authorized by RCW 38.52.070 (2) to "enter
into contracts and incur obligations necessary to combat such disasters,
protecting the health and safety of persons and property, and providing
emergency assistance to the victims of such disaster."
2. Expenditures necessary for the survival of the people and maintenance
of services may exceed the legal limitations of the county/city.
3. Political subdivisions have the power to enter into contracts and incur
obligations in carrying out the provisions of Washington Emergency
Management Act without regard to time-consuming procedures and
formalities prescribed by law (except mandatory constitutional
requirements), including but not limited to budget law limitations and
the appropriation and expenditure of public funds RCW 38.52.070 (2).
4. Records shall be kept in such a manner that disaster-related expenditures
and obligations of political subdivisions can be broken out and
identified, separated from regular or general programs and activities.
This is the responsibility of the accounting/auditing/financial department
for the jurisdiction/municipality having the emergency.
B. Disaster Assistance. Counties, Cities, Special Districts (classified as political sub-
divisions of the State) and qualified private nonprofit organizations are eligible for
disaster assistance. Complete and accurate records are necessary to document
requests for assistance and to ensure maximum eligible reimbursement, and to
facilitate reimbursement under approved applications pertaining to declared
emergencies or major disasters. The Office of the Secretary of State maintains records
of nonprofit organizations. Upon request from State Emergency Management
Division, they will certify the status of private nonprofit organizations applying for
PL 93 288 disaster monies.
1. Disaster related expenditures and obligations of counties and cities may
be reimbursed under a number of federal programs, and restoration of
certain public facilities may be authorized by the Federal Government
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after a major disaster declaration by the President or under authority of
certain Federal agencies.
2. Any financial assistance that may be provided is based on damage
survey reports and the further submission and approval of project
applications that apply to:
• Debris removal.
• Emergency protective measures for the protection of life and
property.
• Repair, replacement, or restoration of public facilities.
• Disaster loans to those communities that suffer a substantial loss of
revenue.
• Use of federal equipment, supplies, facilities, personnel, and other
resources.
3. Agencies performing disaster-related work will keep detailed records
from the onset of the disaster, including but not limited to work
performed by force account and work which is contracted.
4. Documentation for work performed by force account should include:
• Appropriate extracts from payroll with any cross-references needed
to locate original documents.
• A schedule of equipment used on the job.
• Invoices, warrants, and checks issued and paid for materials and
supplies used on the job.
5. Documentation for work which is contracted should include copies of:
• The request for bids.
• The contract which is let.
• Invoices submitted by the contractor.
• Warrants authorizing check issuance.
• Any checks issued in payment.
6. The State's program of nondiscrimination in disaster assistance will be
carried out in accordance with Title 44 CFR, Section 205.16.
III. ADMINISTRATIVE ASPECTS OF PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE
A. Administrative Plans and Procedures.
1. Chief Elected Officials have the overall responsibility for emergency
administrative plans within their jurisdictions.
2. The Director of Franklin County Emergency Management is responsible
for providing technical advice to the jurisdictions and department heads
in the preparation and execution of their emergency administrative plans
and procedures, which should also include procedures for identifying
and preserving essential records and files. The FCEM Director upon
request will review the jurisdictions administrative plans and procedures
for feasibility and incorporation into the FC CEMP via reference.
3. The County Prosecutor and City Attorneys are responsible for providing
legal advice to department heads in the development and execution of
emergency administrative plans and procedures.
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4. Department Heads are responsible for the preparation and execution of
their emergency administrative plans and procedures. Agencies with
disaster responsibilities will establish orderly files of emergency
procedures and forms so that during a disaster, these materials will be
readily available.
5. All jurisdictions will keep an updated inventory of all resources and
assets that may be called upon for use in disasters.
6. The Director of Franklin County Emergency Management will provide
for the efficient NIMS compliant administration of the FC-ECC during
activation, including:
• Procedures and checklists for each position.
• Internal information systems and methods to support ECC operation.
• Complete and continuous records of response actions,
communications and decisions.
• Records of emergency mission assignments and expenditures.
7. Each jurisdiction is responsible to create an accounting system to
specifically track emergency expenditures such as personnel time,
contracts, emergency purchases etc. The jurisdictions
accounting/auditing/finance department will be the responsible entity to
ensure this vital role is accomplished.
B. Response.
1. Emergency Management Mission Numbers will be assigned to local
political subdivisions for all actions intended to protect life and property
during the incident period for any given disaster. The mission number
serves to cover the liability incurred by registered emergency workers
within the County for the duration of the incident and recovery period.
2. Franklin County Emergency Management will utilize NIMS trained
emergency workers as required by RCW 38.52.010, 38.52.310 and
WAC 118.04.
• All volunteers shall carry their own insurance for personal
equipment and vehicles and team equipment. Local agencies, before
borrowing equipment, should verify that there is personal insurance
coverage. Deductible charges on insurance policies may be eligible
for reimbursement.
• Equipment and vehicles should only be used by trained and qualified
personnel. Any personal property that is not relevant to the mission
will not be considered for compensation coverage.
3. In instances where emergency work is performed to protect life and
property, requirements for environmental review and permits may be
waived or orally approved as per the following statutes and regulations:
• State Environmental Policy Act (SEPA - Environmental Review).
• Hydraulics Act (Hydraulics Permit)
• Forest Practices Act (Application for Forest Products)
• Shoreline Management Act (Shoreline Permit)
• Flood Control Zones by State (Permits for Improvement).
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4. Many structures, archaeological sites, or properties of historic significance
are protected by law. One-time critical missions and recovery actions
affecting such protected areas will be coordinated with the State Office of
Archaeology and Historic Preservation.
C. Reporting.
1. Reports are required from involved agencies, departments, and local
governments to provide the Emergency Chairperson, the Director of
Emergency Management and other local, State, and Federal government
officials with information concerning the nature, magnitude, and impact of
disaster, and for use in evaluating and providing the most efficient and
appropriate response. Reports required include, but are not limited to:
Situation Reports, Proclamations of Emergency, Requests for Assistance,
and Damage Assessment Reports.
2. Franklin County Emergency Management shall be responsible for
collecting, evaluating, and forwarding timely situation reports and
emergency declarations to the State Emergency Operations Center
(SEOC).
3. Franklin County Emergency Management is responsible for determining
local emergency priorities and needs, and, if local resources are not
adequate, requesting assistance from the Washington State Emergency
Operations Center by a Proclamation of Emergency.
4. Franklin County Emergency Management will assist local jurisdictions in
compiling and analyzing emergency operations and situation reports,
compiling damage assessment reports, compiling after-action reports, and
coordinating needed public assistance programs through local and State
offices.
D. Plan Development and Maintenance.
Franklin County Emergency Management will create and maintain this
Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan (CEMP) and the accompanying
Implementing Procedures.
1. Before adoption, this Plan, including all its Appendices, Annexes and
Emergency Support Functions, will be coordinated with and reviewed by
the agencies and organizations with responsibilities for carrying out the
plan.
2. This CEMP, after local input and revision, will be coordinated with the
Washington State Emergency Operations Center (SEOC) to ensure
compliance with State and Federal guidance and compatibility with State
and Federal plans which may affect Franklin County.
3. After initial adoption/promulgation, this Plan and the supporting
procedures will undergo periodic review by Franklin County Emergency
Management and by city/county agencies/departments involved, to ensure
integration of NIMS/ICS and that current hazards and capabilities are
addressed.
4. Once adopted, copies of this Plan will be distributed to agencies and
organizations that are named in the Plan as having emergency
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responsibilities. The Plan will also be available to the public via download
at https://franklinem.org/fcem-plans-documents/
5. Throughout the life of this Plan, the Plan and supporting procedures will
be tested by regularly scheduled drills and exercises in conformance with
the Department of Homeland Security and Federal Emergency
Management Agency guidance.
6. Every five years from date of initial adoption/promulgation, the FC CEMP
will be reviewed by the Washington State Military Department-
Emergency Management Division to validate revisions/updates and
approve the FC CEMP.
7. At the option of the agency or organization involved, the Plan may be
distributed in an abbreviated form, consisting of only the Basic Plan
section, and the Appendices, Annexes and Emergency Support Functions
which apply to the agency or organization.
IV. CONTINUITY OF GOVERNMENT
Continuity of local government is provided for by the Constitution of the State of
Washington. (Reference: RCW 42.14.040, 050, 070, 075). Local laws and procedures
will be utilized to continue the government in the event that the number of officials
required to conduct business is reduced by the emergency.
A. Franklin County. In the event there is a reduction in the number of county
commissioners, those Commissioners available for duty shall have the full authority
to act in matters as a Board of County Commissioners. In the event that no county
commissioner is available for duty, then those elected county officials, as are
available for duty, shall act as the Board of County Commissioners and shall possess
by majority vote, the full authority of the Board of County Commissioners. The lines
of succession for county commissioners in an emergency shall be in accordance with
Franklin County Resolution 99-150, and are as follows:
(1) Sheriff
(2) County Prosecutor
(3) County Administrator
B. Cities. In the event that the executive head of any city is not available to exercise the
powers and discharge the duties of the office, then those members available for duty
shall by majority vote, select one of their number to act as executive head. In the
event there is a reduction in the number of city council members, then those members
available for duty shall have full power to act by majority vote. Cities will invoke
their Continuity of Operations Plans for their specific jurisdiction.
C. Executive Heads of Departments. Executive heads of departments or agencies of
county or city governments (elected or appointed) shall assure continuity of
operations through the appointment of successors to their position with a minimum of
two (2) designees. The successors will be aware of their emergency operations
responsibilities.
D. Emergency Operations Center Staff. To ensure the protection of the public at all
times, all members of the Emergency Operations Center staff should name at least
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two alternates. These alternates must be familiar with the Franklin County
Emergency Operations Plan, and be vested with the full confidence and authority of
the member they replace to act in his/her behalf. Alternates should be from the same
department or elected body as the member they replace, and must be capable of
committing any and all of the resources they represent.
E. Essential Records. Local elected and appointed heads of government and
governmental departments will ensure that essential records are identified, preserved,
and adequately protected. The Director of Finance and the Chief Deputies for the
treasurer’s office and auditor’s office are responsible to identify, protect, and preserve
essential records and files. These positions are also responsible to develop
procedures to safeguard financial, vital statistics, personnel records and files for the
county and respective cities. Other local agencies and departments will identify
records essential for continuity of government and work with the state archivist for
their protection. (RCW 40.10.010). Human Resources and specifically, the Director
of Human Resources is responsible for the retention and safeguarding of personnel
records and files. Offsite storage for records is utilized for payroll and other records
per Washington State Retention Schedules.
F. Finance. Franklin County Finance Departments (Auditor/Treasurer) have
procedures and safeguards to protect the financial records of the county. The
Information Services Department is responsible for ensuring the integrity of backup
systems being utilized as well as safeguarding the regularly scheduled backup
media/medium and their storage. The main financial records are kept on two
separate computer systems, as well as a shared network drive system. These
systems require coded passwords to access, and in certain circumstances require
two separate individuals to perform financial tasks. These server systems have daily
scheduled backups, with several daily/weekly/monthly/yearly versions retained, as
well as being synchronized to the cloud each night. Additional redundancies involve
various hardcopy backups. The cities within Franklin County have similar systems
and processes established as those mentioned above. Cloud storage systems have
become a predominant option for redundancy for most jurisdictions.
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APPENDIX 6
TRAINING AND EXERCISES
I. PURPOSE
The purpose of this Appendix is to provide for training of FC-ECC staff, volunteers and
emergency responders. Coordination for regular exercises to test emergency plans and
procedures. Evaluate the preparedness of the County and its jurisdictions.
II. TRAINING OF EMERGENCY STAFF/VOLUNTEERS/RESPONDERS
Persons expected to perform functions in an emergency that they are not accustomed to
performing on a regular basis require periodic training to assure their ability to perform.
The Federal Emergency Management Agency also has specific training and exercise
requirements for some hazards which must be met by state and local jurisdictions.
A. Franklin County Emergency Management will identify training requirements for each
emergency response position in the FC-ECC. Training requirements will be based on
the knowledge, skills and abilities needed to perform the duties of the position. One
or more of the following types of training may be specified for a given position:
1. Introduction to the Emergency Response Organization and overview of ECC
operations. This will normally be required of each newly-designated emergency
responder.
2. Position-specific training on duties and procedures.
3. Shadowing/Walking through the duties of a position with an experienced
responder or member of the FCEM staff.
4. Performing the duties of an assigned position during a drill or emergency
activation.
5. Outside technical training (classes, workshops and seminars) related to the
assigned response duties.
B. Franklin County Emergency Management will prepare, conduct and evaluate training
of the types identified above and maintain records of the training.
C. Franklin County Emergency Management will assist responders who desire or require
training in identifying and attending classes, workshops and seminars that apply to
their particular function. Training will include classes taught by Local, State, Federal,
American Red Cross and/or private agencies.
D. Franklin County Emergency Management will submit regular reports on training and
exercises performed at the local level required by FEMA and the State Emergency
Operations Center (SEOC).
E. All agencies and organizations, within Franklin County and its jurisdictions, will
ensure that their members with emergency assignments participate in training
required for their duties and positions. This includes agency executives, elected
officials or heads of other organizations. Training will be conducted by Franklin
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County Emergency Management and/or by the organizations own
personnel/contractors pursuant to their rules/regulations/protocols.
F. FCEM will provide/offer the National Incident Management System (NIMS) training
as direction and guidelines are provided by the Department of Homeland Security
(DHS) and the NIMS Implementation Center (NIC).
G. All FCEM Staff, at a minimum, will be required to obtain FEMA certification in the
following training courses:
1. IS-100, 200, 700, 800
2. ICS 300, 400
3. Professional Development Series (PDS) of courses
*Suggested – Advanced PDS and all EM Academies
H. All FCEM Volunteers, at a minimum will be required to obtain FEMA certification in
the following training courses:
1. IS-100, 200, 700, 800
*Suggested – any other courses that pertain to their
position/expertise
III. EXERCISES
Regular exercises are needed to test plans and procedures that are designed for
emergency use, as well as to determine new procedures for emergency response.
A. Franklin County will participate in large scale exercises scheduled in coordination
with the Local Entities, State and FEMA to the extent possible.
B. Franklin County Emergency Management will prepare and conduct and evaluate
small scale drills and exercises to test plans and procedures when requested by a
jurisdiction, or when the opportunity to exercise specific response functions is not
provided by the State or FEMA. FCEM will utilize the principles from the Homeland
Security Exercise and Evaluation Program (HSEEP) to develop and evaluate
exercises. When practical, Franklin County Emergency Management will ensure an
after-action report (AAR) is created for each exercise as requested by the host agency
or required by state/federal grant stipulations.
C. Franklin County Emergency Management will participate in exercises required to
maintain compliance with state and federal emergency preparedness programs.
D. Exercise participation will alternate as appropriate to include both primary and
secondary staff positions in the Emergency Coordination Center to ensure that all
potential ECC responders receive adequate training in emergency operations.
E. A variety of exercise types will be employed to ensure that an adequate evaluation of
preparedness is possible. There are two basic types of exercises – discussion based
and operations based:
1. Discussion Based Exercise Types:
i. Seminar/Orientation – general introduction to concepts/plans/situation
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ii. Workshop – group collaboration to share information and develop written
products
iii. Tabletop – discussion-based process to validate plans and procedure or to
rehearse concepts and systems.
2. Operations Based Exercise Types:
i. Drill – task/activity focused testing to validate a specific function or
capability.
ii. Functional Exercise (FE) - FEs are typically focused on exercising plans,
policies, procedures, and staff members involved in management,
direction, command, and control functions.
iii. Full-Scale Exercise (FSE) - FSE are high stress multi-agency, multi-
jurisdictional activities designed to test coordinated responses and rapid
problem-solving skills.
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APPENDIX 7
HAZARD VULNERABILITY ANALYSIS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
I. Introduction 2
II. County Characteristics 2
III. Hazard Profiles 15
IV. Natural Hazards
A. Drought 17
B. Earthquake 22
C. Fire 35
D. Flood 40
E. Land Movement 45
F. Severe Local Storms 51
G. Volcanic Activity 57
V. Technological Hazards
A. Dam Failure 66
B. Power Failure and Energy Emergencies 67
C. Radiological Emergencies 69
D. Hazardous Materials 70
E. Aviation Accident 72
F. Mass Casualty Incidents 73
G. Railroad Accident 74
H. Terrorism 76
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I. PURPOSE
Franklin County Emergency Management (FCEM) is a political subdivision formed through an
interlocal agreement between the County and each of the incorporated jurisdictions within the
county. As such, FCEM provides emergency management services for each member of the
Interlocal Agreement. FCEM provided the vast majority of administrative support for this
project.
RCW 38.52.070 Emergency Management establishes that preparedness of Franklin County shall
be adequate to deal with disasters.
The purpose of this hazard analysis is to identify and describe those potential large-scale hazards
within Franklin County and to serve as a basis for county level emergency preparedness
planning. The information contained in this document was gathered from various reports,
newspaper articles, and Emergency Management records and reports. It is intended to present a
general overview of the disaster and hazard potential in Franklin County.
II. COUNTY CHARACTERISTICS
Franklin County is located in the south-central part of the State nestled between the Snake and
Columbia Rivers in what is generally known as the Columbia Basin. With a geographical area of
1,242 square miles, Franklin County ranks a modest 27th in size among Washington’s 39
counties. The City of Pasco is the county seat.
The County is generally characterized by a rising upland, with an elevation ranging from about
300 feet at its southern end to about 1000 feet in the northeast corner. The County is dry,
averaging less than ten inches of rainfall per year. The County is intersected by a major drainage
canal called the Esquatzel Coulee, as well as a number of lesser canyons and drainages. The
underlying stratigraphy is characterized by numerous volcanic flows of basalt alternating with
sands and other loessial materials which accumulated between various periods of volcanic
activity.
In the 1950's, two major developments fueled regional growth—the Columbia Basin Irrigation
Project and McNary Dam. These developments would underscore the rich agricultural potential
of the region. With the advent of irrigation not only did agricultural production both boom and
diversify, but its related food processing industry also flourished. The area has become one of the
nation's leading agricultural production regions.
Climate
Franklin County is located in the south-central part of the State of Washington. It is bounded on
the west and separated from Benton County by the Columbia River. On the south and east it is
separated from Walla Walla County by the Snake River and its tributary, the Palouse River. On
the north it is bounded by Grant and Adams Counties. The area is arid to semi-arid, receiving an
average rainfall of 7 to 9 inches per year.
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The area averages about 10.3 days of snowfall and 7.5 days of rainfall annually. The median
monthly temperatures range from a low of 30.6 degrees Fahrenheit in January to a July high of
75.7 degrees Fahrenheit. High wind velocities, with peak gusts as high as 70 mph or higher can
be expected at any time of the year.
(Source: National Weather Service – Pendleton website, Interactive Climate Tool)
(Source: National Weather Service – Pendleton website, Interactive Climate Tool)
Climograph for Pasco
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(Source: National Weather Service – Pendleton website, Interactive Climate Tool)
(Source: National Weather Service – Pendleton website, Interactive Climate Tool)
Climograph for Eltopia
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(Source: National Weather Service – Pendleton website, Interactive Climate Tool)
Soils and Geology
Franklin County is part of what is referred to as the Columbia Basin Province. The County
contains many canyon and cliff features such as Palouse Canyon and Devils Canyon, as well as
unique rock formations. Some of the most interesting geographical features are the sand dunes
located northeast of Pasco in the Juniper Dunes area off of the Pasco-Kahlotus Road.
The County lies at the south end of the Channel Scablands. The geology of Franklin County has
been formed by alternate volcanism and flooding. Three of the five geological formations which
characterize the entire Columbia River Basalt Group occur in Franklin County. From the
youngest to the oldest, these are:
• Saddle Mountain Basalt (formed 6-13 million years ago), found primarily in the Mesa
area extending southeast and northwest;
• The Wanapum Basalt (13.5 to 14 million years old), occurring primarily in the northeast
and along the Snake River; and,
• Grande Ronde Basalt (15.6 to 17 million years old) found primarily at the eastern border.
The Grande Ronde Basalt Formation was formed 15 to 17 million years ago from large eruptions
of molten lava, probably from a huge volcano located in the southeastern corner of Washington
or northeastern Oregon. Flows associated with the volcano number in the hundreds and vary in
thickness from a few inches to about 300 feet. Few sedimentary interbeds are found, indicating
relatively short periods between eruptions.
The Wanapum Basalt Formation was formed 13.5 to 14 million years ago. Large and numerous
linear vents discharging large, but less frequent, amounts of flood lava developed in the same
areas as the Grande Ronde Volcano. Sedimentary interbeds were created within and between
formations, mainly by the erosion of older rock surrounding the plateau and volcanic material
Climograph for North Central County
(Hatton Road)
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associated with the creation of the Cascade Range. Continued deposition of flood basalts
between six and thirteen million years ago is called the Saddle Mountain Basalts. These
activities, primarily during the Miocene and Pliocene eras, combined with the shed sediments
from the rising and volcanically active Cascade Range, form interbedded sedimentary formations
within the Columbia River Basalts. These interbeds are of the Ellensburg Formation.
Deposition of sedimentary materials continued in the area during the Pleistocene era. These
initial deposits are referred to as the Ringold Formation and consist of fluvial (stream) and
lacustrine (lake) deposits of silts, sand, and gravel. Late in the Pleistocene Epoch, numerous
glacial outwash and flood deposits occurred. These deposits are attributed to catastrophic
flooding caused by the breakup of ice dams holding back impoundment, such as Lake Missoula
in western Montana. Breakage of these ice dams was responsible for the area north of Franklin
County known as the Channel Scablands. Outpouring from these lakes scoured the land, leaving
large channels. The flood waters rushed out of Lake Missoula through Spokane, spread out over
the basin, and then came together again at Wallula Gap, where a large lake was created, and
depositing silt in this area.
Wetlands and Floodplains
Wetlands
The Palouse, Snake, and Columbia Rivers form the east, south, and west boundaries of Franklin
County, respectively. Wetlands occur along the margins, side channels, and islands associated
with these river systems. In the interior of the County, wetlands occur in low lying areas in the
northwest portion of the County, in the vicinity of Eagle Lakes and Scooteney Reservoir. Other
important wetland systems occur where subsurface water emerges in coulees and canyons, such
as Esquatzel Coulee near Mesa and Washtucna Coulee near Connell and Kahlotus.
Areas with a high-water table in Franklin County are also frequently associated with seepage
from canals and ditches, irrigation runoff, and created stock ponds. However, these areas are not
classified as wetlands under the County’s Growth Management Act, which excludes “artificial
wetlands intentionally from non-wetland sites, such as irrigation and drainage ditches, grass-
lined swales, canals, detention facilities, wastewater treatment facilities, farm ponds, and
landscape amenities”.
An inventory of wetlands in Franklin County was completed in order to portray the extent and
distribution of wetlands. The Soil Conservation Service, with cooperation from the Franklin
Conservation District prepared a detailed soil survey and wetlands inventory for the County,
completed in 1995.
Floodplains
The most severe flooding in the unincorporated areas of the County occurs within the Esquatzel
Coulee and Kahlotus Creek during the winter and spring months. This results when either an
oversaturated or frozen ground condition occurs with an increase in rainfall and rapid snowmelt
runoff.
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Flood levels can be positively and negatively affected by development projects through increased
and decreased runoff from a particular site. It has been noted that since 1956, flood levels within
the County have changed due to channel improvements and irrigation projects.
Frequently flooded areas are mapped on the FEMA Flood Insurance Rate Maps for Franklin
County. These maps should be used to determine if a potential development site is located within
the floodplain.
Land Use
Land use information was obtained from documents and air photos from the Soil Conservation
Service, Agricultural Stabilization, Franklin County Conservation District, U.S. Geological
Survey, and windshield surveys conducted by County staff. The predominant land use in
Franklin County is agriculture, made up of both irrigated and dryland farming. The dryland
agriculture is primarily made up of large wheat ranges interspersed with grazing lands. The
irrigated farm land is made up of smaller agricultural units, growing everything from corn and
potatoes to asparagus. Another use in irrigated blocks is orchards, primarily cherries, apples and
grapes. Most recently, cottonwood trees are being grown for the Boise Cascade paper mill at
Wallula.
In Franklin County, rural lands are those lands that are currently experiencing development
pressures and are inappropriate for agricultural uses. These lands run south along the Columbia
River and across the northern part of the City of Pasco. The rural element also includes rural
service centers that have been identified, such as Merrill's and Mathew's Corners, and rural
settlements such as Eltopia, and Basin City (Basin City having an Urban Growth Boundary
because it is more of a full-service area - i.e., supporting schools, churches, libraries, etc.) all
unincorporated.
Population
The Washington State Office of Financial Management estimated Franklin County’s 2021
population at 99,500. Franklin County’s population density is approximately 80.14 people per
square mile, making it the 14th most densely populated county in Washington in 2021. The
following table shows 5-year population estimates up to 2040 from the Washington State OFM.
2025 2030 2035 2040
High 141,164 165,616 192,131 218,538
Medium 113,781 127,443 143,087 158,574
Low 95,607 103,082 112,462 121,639
Table 1: Franklin County Population Projections (Source: Washington State Office of Financial Management 2017 GMA)
Transportation
Most of the roads in the County are rural farm-to-market roads, but historically have not been all
weather roads, thus resulting in road closures and load limits during spring when road break-up
can occur. There is very little opportunity in the County, other than in Pasco, for mass transit.
There is interest in providing some kind of public transportation, particularly to the elderly and
the physically challenged. The general purpose is to provide mobility for the County's citizenry
and to enable them to have a choice of living environments.
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Franklin County is accessible by several modes of transportation. Major highways, railroads,
marine ports, and an airport are located in the area. Interstate 182 connects the county with major
markets to the east and west. US 395 is the primary north-south highway and runs through the
middle of the county passing through the three largest cities in the county.
There is one airfield in Franklin County operated by the Port of Pasco. The Tri-Cities Airport
has three runways, the two runways for commercial aviation are 7,700 feet in length and the non-
instrumented general aviation runway is 4,425 feet in length. Due to COVID-19, the airport
travel has dramatically been impacted. Tri-Cities Airport roughly averages 500,000
enplanements, but expects to increase once the pandemic impact wanes.
The Port of Pasco also has waterfront facilities that service barge traffic. Burlington Northern-
Santa Fe Railroad operates a major switching yard in Pasco along the main north-south rail line
that connects the Tri-Cities to Spokane and Portland.
Business and Industry
For many years the local economy of Franklin County has its economic foundation based around
the agricultural industry with an estimated 772 farms in the county (Mar 2021 Snapshot). In
terms of crop production, Franklin County ranks high in the state for potato, carrot, asparagus
alfalfa, grass seed, onions, sweet corn and milk production. Additionally, Franklin County is one
of the larger producers of beef. Franklin County farms also produce a variety of orchard crops
such as apples, cherries, peaches, apricots, grapes, nectarines, and pears.
As the population of the county has increased over the past 20 years, a greater percentage of the
local economy has shifted toward service-based companies. Shopping malls, motels, and
restaurants are replacing farmland. The city of Pasco has been one of the fastest growing areas in
the state.
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Maps
NOTE:
The following pages contain a variety of maps and charts that are designed to help the reader
better understand the demographics, layout and environment of Franklin County.
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Figure 1: Franklin County Base Map
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Figure 2: Population Density per Acre by Census Block
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Figure 3: Comprehensive Plan Boundaries
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Figure 4: National Wetlands Inventory by Classification Type
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Figure 5: Geologically Hazardous Areas
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III. HAZARD PROFILES
Hazard Rating Process
Since 1960-2017, Franklin County has experienced 173 Hazard Events, with 40 casualties, with
$35.1 million dollars in property damage and $13.2 million in crop damages. Although data has
been collected for all of the hazards listed below, this plan only addresses mitigation initiatives
for natural hazards. The Executive Steering Committee may elect to broaden the mitigation
initiatives addressed by this plan at a later date.
Drought
Earthquake
Fire
Flood
Gas service loss
Hazardous materials accident
Land movement
Power loss
Radiological incident
Telecommunications system failure
Water service loss
Wildfire
Severe Storm
Volcanic activity
To begin the risk analysis process, each jurisdiction used a subjective evaluation based on
historical events by assigning numerical values for each hazard based upon the following risk
categories:
Area(s) impacted by the hazard 1
2
3
4
<5% area impacted
5% to 10% area impacted
25% to 50% area impacted
>50% area impacted
Probability of Health and Safety consequences 0
1
2
3
No impact
Few injuries/illnesses
Few fatalities, but many injuries/illnesses
Numerous fatalities
Probability of Property damaged/destroyed 0
1
2
3
No damage
Few destroyed – Few damaged
Few destroyed-many damaged or Few damaged/many
destroyed
Many destroyed and damaged
Probability of Environmental damage 0
1
2
3
Little to no damage
Resources damaged with short-term recovery
Resources damaged with long-term recovery
Resources destroyed beyond recovery
Probability of Economic disruption 0
1
2
3
No economic impact
Low direct and/or low indirect costs
High direct – low indirect costs/Low direct – high indirect costs
High direct & High indirect costs
Probability of Occurrence 1
2
3
4
5
Unknown but rare occurrence
Unknown but anticipate an occurrence
100 years or less occurrence
25 years or less occurrence
Once a year or more occurrence
For each hazard, the numerical values for each risk category were totaled (with a maximum
possible score of 22). Once the total numerical value for each natural hazard was calculated the
totaled value was assigned a LOW/MEDIUM/HIGH rank to determine the risk rating for each:
TOTAL HAZARD RATING: 0 – 7 LOW 8 – 15 MEDIUM 16 – 22 HIGH
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Even though Franklin County is subjected to a number of natural and technological type of
hazards, they have been historically short in duration and haven’t reached the catastrophic level.
There have been some events that have had significant impact on crops, roads, and grazing land,
but they are usually limited to specific areas and haven’t critically impacted the entire
area/county/city. In a statewide analysis, Franklin County has an overall Hazard Risk Index of
Medium-Low as depicted below and in the SEHMP – 10/2018.
County Avalanche Costal
Hazard
Drought Earthquake Flood Landslide Severe
Weather
Tsunamis Volcano Wildfires Overall
Risk
Franklin N/A N/A HIGH MEDIUM-
LOW
MEDIUM-
HIGH
MEDIUM-
LOW
HIGH N/A N/A LOW MEDIUM-
LOW
Image from Washington State Enhanced Hazard Mitigation Plan 10/2018– Overall Hazard Risk Index (10/17/2018 pg. 53)
Following is a breakout of specific types of hazards and their risk index as it pertains specifically
to Franklin County.
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IV. NATURAL HAZARDS
A. DROUGHT
DEFINITIONS:
Drought is an extended period of abnormally low precipitation; a condition of climate dryness
that is severe enough to reduce soil moisture as well as water and snow levels below the
minimum necessary for sustaining plant, animal, and economic systems.
BACKGROUND INFORMATION:
While drought originates from a deficiency of precipitation over an extended period of time,
usually a season or more; drought is also related to the timing and the intensity or number of
rainfall events. Other climactic factors such as high temperature, high wind, and low relative
humidity are associated with drought in many regions of the world and can significantly
aggravate the severity of a drought. Drought differs from aridity, a permanent climactic feature
common to regions with low rainfall.
In 1989, the Washington State Legislature gave permanent drought relief authority to the
Department of Ecology and enabled them to issue orders declaring drought emergencies. (RCW
43.83B.400-430 and Chapter 173-166 WAC) In Washington State, the statutory criteria for
drought is a water supply below 75% of normal and a shortage expected to create undue hardship
for some water users.
HISTORY:
Even in the Evergreen State, droughts are a natural part of the climate cycle. In the last century,
there have been a number of drought episodes, including several that have lasted for more than a
single season, such as the dry periods between 1928-1932 and 1992-1994. Severe drought
episodes occurred in 1977, 2001, 2014 and 2015. The 1977 event set records for low
precipitation, snow-pack, and stream flow totals that still stand today. The 2001 event was the
second-worst drought year in state recorded history.
Washington State usually experiences drought during a regional climate event characterized by a
period of below-normal precipitation. While Franklin County has experienced some periods of
drought in the past, these events are typically low to moderate in severity and relatively short in
duration. The agricultural industry usually experiences the greatest impact from a drought event
in Franklin County.
Rainfall for eastern Washington during the 2001 water year was approximately 30% below
normal. On March 14, 2001, after several months of record low precipitation, Governor Gary
Locke authorized the Department of Ecology (Ecology) to declare a statewide drought
emergency. Washington was the first Northwest state to make a drought declaration. Due to
above-average precipitation in the final two months of the year, the drought emergency formally
expired on December 31, 2001. The National Weather Service reported that the winter of 2000-
01 was the driest since 1976-1977. It was also one of the five driest in the past 100 years.
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Washington State Drought Occurrences
(Information obtained from Washington State Military Department, Emergency Management Division)
Date Occurrence
July-August 1921 Drought in all agricultural sections.
June-August 1922 The statewide precipitation averaged .10 inches.
March-August 1924 Lack of soil moisture retarded germination of spring wheat.
July 1925 Drought occurred in Washington.
July 21-Aug 25, 1926 Little or no rainfall was reported.
June 1928-March 1929 Most stations averaged less than 20 percent of normal
rainfall for August and September and less than 60 percent
for nine months.
July-August 1930 Drought affected the entire state. Most weather stations
averaged 10 percent or less of normal precipitation.
April 1934-March 1937 The longest drought in the region's history – the driest
periods were April-August 1934, September-December
1935, and July-January 1936-1937.
1944 Water shortages in Spokane.
Spring, 1966 The entire state was dry.
June-August 1967 Drought occurred in Washington.
January-August 1973 Dry in the Cascades.
October 1976 - September 1977 Below normal precipitation in Olympia, Seattle, and
Yakima. Crop yields were below normal and ski resorts
closed for much of the 1976-77 ski season.
October 1991 – September 1994 Water supply in Yakima River Basin was 65 percent of
normal.
2000 - 2001 Governor Gary Locke authorized the Department of
Ecology (Ecology) to declare a statewide drought
emergency. National Weather Service reported that the
winter of 2000-01 was the driest since 1976-1977. It was
also one of the five driest in the past 100 years.
2015 Governor Jay Inslee authorized the Department of Ecology
(Ecology) to declare a statewide drought emergency.
National Weather Service reported that the water levels
were below 75% of normal levels.
2019 Department of Ecology declared a drought emergency for
Washington State in accordance with RCW 43.83B.
2021 Department of Ecology declared a drought emergency for
Washington State in accordance with RCW 43.83B.
HAZARD IDENTIFICATION:
When a drought begins, the agricultural sector that depends heavily on water that is stored in the
soil, such as dry land wheat farmers, are usually the first sector to experience the effects of a
drought. Soil water can be rapidly depleted during extended dry periods. If precipitation
deficiencies continue, then people dependent on other sources of water will begin to feel the
effects of the shortage. Those who rely on surface water (reservoirs and lakes) and subsurface
water (ground water), for example, are usually the last to be affected. A short-term drought that
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persists for 3 to 6 months may have little impact on these sectors, depending on the
characteristics of the hydrologic system and water use requirements.
When precipitation returns to normal and meteorological drought conditions have abated, the
sequence is repeated for the recovery of surface and subsurface water supplies. Soil water
reserves are replenished first, followed by stream-flow, reservoirs and lakes, and ground water.
Drought impacts may diminish rapidly in the agricultural sector because of its reliance on soil
water, but linger for months or even years in other sectors dependent on stored surface or
subsurface supplies. Ground water users, often the last to be affected by drought during its onset,
may be last to experience a return to normal water levels. The length of the recovery period is a
function of the intensity of the drought, its duration, and the quantity of precipitation received as
the episode terminates.
The following list is a compilation of comments and suggestions made by various
stakeholders and the public regarding possible problems that could result from a drought.
In addition to a possible shortage of water in some areas of the county as well as likely damage
to agricultural crops, a drought in Franklin County could potentially result in the following:
• Inadequate river flow volumes to support fish.
• Long-term burn bans throughout the county.
• An increase in the potential risk of wildland fires, wildland-urban interface fires, and
cropland fires from a variety of natural and human-caused sources including the
discharge of fireworks.
• Increased energy and food costs.
VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT:
The agricultural industry is the most vulnerable to the impacts of a drought event in
Franklin County. The agricultural industry relies on a consistent and ample water supply.
Annual crops may be damaged or lost in a single growing season but usually rebound with
normal precipitation amounts the following year. Farmers and orchardists that use irrigation
water from the Columbia Basin irrigation project are less susceptible to the early effects of a
short-term drought. However, they may start to experience drought affects if the dry period
extends much past six months. In order to make up for water shortages, some farmers,
orchardists, and even municipal water systems have backup wells or have the ability to pump
water directly from the Columbia or Snake River system or through irrigation canals.
A severe drought may result in a moderate number of wells going dry. The potable water supply
for most of Franklin County’s citizens (about 70%) is obtained from the Columbia River through
the City of Pasco’s municipal water system. The remaining people get their potable water from
private or community wells. The effects of an extreme, long-term drought could result in less
aquifer discharge thereby resulting in the implementation of strict water conservation measures
for those dependent on wells. This is something that the majority of the population of Franklin
County is not familiar with.
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A drought lasting for more than one season would most likely reduce the annual snow-pack
normally accumulated in the Canadian mountains thereby reducing normal river flows in the
Columbia and Snake Rivers. A substantial reduction in river flow could severely impact the
generation of electricity from the hydro-electric dams located on the Columbia and Snake Rivers.
A reduction in hydro-electric generation would likely result in increased electricity rates for all
residents, farms, and businesses in the area. In addition to the elevated electricity rates, reduced
hydro-electric power generation will result in increased non-hydro power generation which will
drive the price of diesel and natural gas sharply upward. The higher energy prices mean higher
costs for transport of farm product, increased costs for processing and storage as well as higher
fertilizer prices. Besides the higher costs for agriculture, we can expect a higher number of job
losses, too.
According to the Washington State Hazard Identification and Vulnerability Assessment (HIVA),
three energy curtailments during drought periods prior to 1977 caused temporary increase in the
unemployment rate. Due to a drastic increase in electricity rates in 2001, several large
manufacturing plants in some Washington counties closed their businesses and laid off many
employees. A severe, long-term drought would no doubt have the same effect on large business
and industry that rely on large amounts of electrical power and/or water to operate.
A severe drought could cause reduced river flows thereby creating a major impact on local
salmon runs due to potentially warmer waters and low water levels. Recreational use of the lakes
and rivers in Franklin County would suffer as well. In addition, rural settlements and residential
areas bordering wildland could be at risk from wildfires ignited by lightening or intentional
human actions.
According to the Washington State Enhanced Hazard Mitigation Plan (SEHMP) 10/2018–
Drought Risk Index (10/17/2018 pg. 76), Franklin County is one of the ten counties most at-risk
and vulnerable to drought. This rating was based on the history of drought in our county, the
demand for water resources (agricultural and potable), and an inability to endure the economic
challenges associated with a drought.
PROBABILITY and RISK:
Based on historical evidence, there is a MODERATE-HIGH PROBABILITY of a drought
occurring in Franklin County but a HIGH RISK associated with such an event due to the typical
duration of the historical droughts and the susceptibility of the agricultural community to the
direct and indirect effects of a drought in Franklin County.
CONCLUSION:
Rainfall amounts vary greatly within Franklin County. According to the Western Regional
Climate Center, Connell receives an average of 8.4 inches annually, Pasco receives an average of
7.6 inches annually, Lower Monumental Dam receives an average annual rainfall of 9.7 inches
annually, Ice Harbor Dam receives an average annual rainfall of 10.3 inches annually, the Hatton
Road area (northwest of Kahlotus) receives an average annual rainfall of 10.1 inches annually,
and the Eltopia area receives an average of 8.1 inches annually. The majority of annual
precipitation occurs during November through March with the months of June through
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September being the driest. Franklin County potable water supplies, for the most part, are
relatively resistant to short-term drought episodes.
Should a severe, long-term drought occur, it will be vital that local elected officials and
governmental agencies work cooperatively with the Washington State Department of Health, the
Washington State Department of Agriculture and the Washington State Department of Ecology
to help ensure efforts are make to protect public water supplies, aid agriculture and local
industry, and safeguard fish and river flows.
The SEHMP-10/2018 has Franklin County rated HIGH on the risk index for Drought:
Image and table from Washington State Enhanced Hazard Mitigation Plan 10/2018– Drought Risk Index (10/17/2018 pg. 75)
County Area Population Vulnerable
Population
Built Environment Critical
Infrastructure
State
Facilities
1st Responder
Facilities
Drought
Risk Index
Franklin MEDIUM -
HIGH
HIGH MEDIUM -
HIGH
HIGH
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B. EARTHQUAKE
DEFINITIONS:
Earthquake – A sudden slip on a fault and the resulting ground shaking and radiated seismic
energy caused by the slip; or by volcanic or magmatic activity; or other sudden stress changes in
the earth.
Epicenter – The point on the earth’s surface vertically above the focus, the point in the crust
where a seismic rupture begins.
Focus – The point within the earth where an earthquake rupture starts.
Liquefaction – A process by which water-saturated sediment temporarily loses strength and acts
as a fluid similar to when a person wiggles their toes in the wet sand near the water at a beach.
Seiche – The sloshing action of an enclosed body or partially enclosed body of water from
earthquake shaking.
BACKGROUND INFORMATION:
Washington ranks second in the nation (after California) among states susceptible to earthquake
loss according to a Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) study. More than 1,000
earthquakes are recorded in the state annually, the vast majority of these occurring west of the
Cascade Mountains. Most of these earthquakes are so small that only very sensitive instruments
can detect them – a small number of these earthquakes cause shaking and occasional damage.
Depending upon the magnitude and depth of an earthquake, the effects of an earthquake can be
felt over large geographical areas. Large oceanic and continental tectonic plates move over the
surface of the earth at a rate of a few centimeters each year. Where these plates collide stresses
build up eventually releasing energy as earthquakes.
HISTORY:
Of the many earthquakes that occur in our region on an annual basis, very few are large enough
to cause ground shaking and property damage. Eastern Washington has experienced damaging
earthquakes in the past. Since 1872, there have only been two significant earthquakes
(∃magnitude 5); the Lake Chelan (magnitude 7.2) in 1872 and the Stateline (magnitude 6.1)
earthquake near Walla Walla in 1936. However, since 1997, there have been 19 notable (greater
than magnitude 3) earthquakes in eastern Washington.
In recent years, geologists have discovered evidence that large earthquakes have occurred
repeatedly in the past. The interval between these large earthquakes is estimated to range from
hundreds to thousands of years.
HAZARD IDENTIFICATION:
In recent years, scientists have greatly expanded their knowledge concerning the seismic
vulnerability of the Pacific Northwest region. Seismologists have identified three distinct sources
of earthquakes.
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Shallow (crustal zone) earthquakes that occur along near surface faults and fractures within the
Earth’s crust at depths less than 30 Kilometers. These are the type of earthquake that eastern
Washington would experience. Shallow earthquakes with magnitudes of up to 7 on the Richter
scale can happen anywhere in southeastern Washington. Fortunately, great crustal earthquakes
are quite rare and occur perhaps only once every 1,000 years. Deep (intraplate) earthquakes
that occur from faulting in the sub ducting (Juan de Fuca) plate, usually at depths between 50 and
70 kilometers of the Earth’s surface. Deep or intraplate earthquakes with magnitudes ranging
from 6 to 7 (or greater) on the Richter scale are of concern in western Washington. Subduction
(Subduction Zone) earthquakes are caused by the release of the friction and stresses generated
as two converging tectonic plates slide past one another. The world’s greatest earthquakes are
observed at subduction zone boundaries. Subduction earthquakes have the potential of being
large quakes (with magnitudes exceeding 8 on the Richter scale) that may affect a large
geographical area and may be accompanied by tsunamis and large aftershocks. Subduction zone
earthquakes are a major concern to the greater Puget Sound region but not to eastern
Washington.
Earthquakes cause damage primarily by strong ground shaking and secondarily from the effects
of ground failures as well as tsunamis and seiches. One of the largest seiches ever experienced in
Washington happened upstream of Grand Coulee Dam in the Roosevelt Reservoir on the
Columbia River (Weaver, 2004.) A large landslide fell into the Columbia River and generated a
fifty-foot wave. Ground failures caused by earthquakes include fault rupture, ground cracking,
slumps, landslides, rock falls, liquefaction, uplift and subsidence.
As a rule, the severity of ground shaking generally decreases with distance from the earthquake
source. Given an earthquake of a certain magnitude, the severity of ground shaking will
generally lessen the farther you are located from the epicenter of the earthquake or the deeper the
earthquake occurs. Also, the type of soil in the affected area is another factor in how damaging
an earthquake will be. Structures sitting on stiff rock are less likely to receive damage than
structures sitting on sandy soils. The National Earthquake Hazard Reduction program (NEHRP)
has developed a soil classification system that is used to help determine damage susceptibility
based upon how the particular soil reacts to shear wave velocities experienced during an
earthquake.
Class Site Class Description
A Hard Rock (Eastern U. S. only)
B Rock
C Very Dense Soil and Soft Rock
D Stiff Soils
E Soft Soils
F Soils Requiring Site Specific Evaluations
Table 2: NEHRP Soil Type Classifications
Following the Nisqually Earthquake in February 2001, the Department of Natural Resources
(DNR) received grant funding through the Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (HMGP) (FEMA-
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1361-DRWA). This grant requires the Division of Geology and Earth Resources to develop
statewide liquefaction susceptibility and NEHRP soil type maps. Earthquake hazard maps such
as these support hazard mitigation, emergency planning and response, planning of local zoning
ordinances, and building code enforcement. The following figures display the preliminary
findings of their efforts for Franklin County.
Faults and Folds are the geologic features that are of greatest concern when determining
earthquake risk. They are the likely locations from which we would experience thrust
earthquakes. There are only a few known faults that have been identified in southeastern
Washington; the Rattlesnake Hills Fault, Umtanum Ridge System, Wallula Fault, Saddle
Mountain Fault, Hite Fault, and the Horse Heaven Hills Fault to name a few. The Saddle
Mountain fault is only fault that actually crosses into Franklin County.
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Figure 6: NEHRP Soil Types in Franklin County
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Figure 7: Preliminary Liquefaction Susceptibility in Franklin County
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The following list is a compilation of comments and suggestions made by various
stakeholders and the public regarding possible problems that could result from an
earthquake.
In addition to damaging homes, businesses, property, and the environment, an earthquake in
Franklin County could potentially result in the following:
• Utilities (above and below ground) including telephone, electricity, natural gas, water,
and sewer as well as private wells and water systems could be damaged or destroyed.
• Transportation routes and/or systems including roads, bridges, and railroad transport may
be damaged or destroyed.
• Emergency services could be totally overwhelmed and not able to respond to emergency
situations due to damaged facilities and/or equipment, a lack of personnel, or damaged
transportation routes.
• Critical facilities such as 9-1-1 centers, hospitals, emergency operations centers, fire
stations, water treatment plants, and wastewater treatment facilities may be damaged or
destroyed.
• Large areas of the county may be subject to liquefaction and/or land movement causing
even greater damage in certain areas.
Frenchman Hills Faults and Folds
Saddle Mountains
Faults and Folds
Umtanum Ridge-Central
Gable Mountain System
Rattlesnake Hills
structures
Horse Heaven
Hills structures Wallula Fault
System
Buroler Faults
Hite
Fault
System Unnamed NW
striking fault
Figure 8: Quaternary Faults and Folds in Southeastern Washington
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• Large hazardous materials incidents may occur as the result of damage to local petroleum
and chemical storage facilities.
• The dike along the Columbia River as well as irrigation canals throughout the county
may be damaged.
• Seiche effects might cause severe erosion of the cliffs and shorelines on the rivers.
• The arrival of outside resources to assist with debris removal, repair of critical facilities,
and sheltering of victims may be delayed due to severe damage in adjacent counties with
larger populations and needs. The overall economy of the county and possibly the region
could be affected.
VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT:
In the simplest of terms … the entire population is vulnerable to the effects and impacts of a
moderate (magnitude 6 – 6.5) earthquake. The location of structures on soils of concern adds to
the likelihood of damaging effects. Liquefaction of these soils as the result of a large earthquake
is a serious concern. In addition, all commercial and residential buildings, government
infrastructure, transportation systems, communication systems, utilities, and ultimately, the
overall economy of Franklin County are vulnerable to the effects and impacts of a large
earthquake.
The time of day at which an earthquake occurs is critical. Greater numbers of people are away
from their homes and separated from other family members during commute times or during the
regular business day thereby increasing the level of chaos in the event of a major earthquake.
Possible types of damage from an earthquake may include but will probably not be limited to:
• Cracking and/or structural failure of foundations, chimneys, decorative cornices, parapet
walls, and cantilevered porches or roofs.
• Wall failure in older buildings of non-reinforced masonry construction.
• Damage to waterfront buildings and piers built on pilings and artificial fill.
• Structural damage or failure of bridges and overpasses.
• Damage to streets and roads.
• Damage to railways and airport facilities.
• Broken water lines, natural gas lines, and natural gas/gasoline pipelines.
• Power and communication failures due to damage of electrical and telephone distribution
systems.
In the event that an earthquake causes considerable damage, grocery stores, banks, gasoline
stations, and similar services may be closed. In addition, citizens should expect and prepare in
advance for a significant delay in fire, emergency medical, law enforcement, and other day-today
government services. As a general rule, citizens should be prepared to survive on their own for a
minimum of three days following a large magnitude earthquake that causes major damage to
transportation and communication systems as well as roads and bridges.
In the event of a major earthquake, large areas of Franklin County lying within the floodplains of
the Esquatzel Coulee and Columbia River are susceptible to liquefaction. In addition, steep
and/or unstable slopes in various locations throughout the county are susceptible to landslides.
Franklin County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan Appendix 7: HVA
2021 - CEMP Pg Appendix 7 - 29
Bridges and overpasses are the most vulnerable component of highway transportation systems
and the loss of bridges and overpasses will have a direct effect on the delivery of emergency
services to a large number of Franklin County citizens. According to the local Washington State
Department of Transportation manager, the primary bridges have been built to resist the effects
of earthquakes. In addition, all overpasses located along the I-182/US 12 and US 395 corridors
are maintained by the state. The bridges listed below are state maintained bridges in Franklin
County:
Cable Bridge (US 397) Blue Bridge (US 395)
Interstate 182 Bridge Snake River Bridge (US 12)
Lyons Ferry Bridge (SR 261)
Franklin County maintains 82 bridges and 19 box culverts within the county road system. All of
these structures span irrigation canals. Of the 101 spans, 31 have overload restrictions and
another 5 are posted and have specific weight restrictions. All county bridges built in the last 10
years have been built to Federal standards. All future new construction, repairs and overhauls
will bring the remaining structures up to Federal standards.
In addition to the potential loss of bridges, numerous roads may be damaged or otherwise
unusable due to soil liquefaction, landslides, severe ground cracking, uplifting, or subsidence.
Railways are also highly vulnerable to soil liquefaction, landslides, severe ground cracking,
uplifting, and subsidence. Railway routes in Franklin County are owned and operated by the
Burlington Northern-Santa Fe Railroad. In Franklin County, these routes are located along the
US 395 corridor.
We are all dependent upon pipelines for the delivery and distribution of natural gas, gasoline,
potable water and the disposal of wastewater. All of the incorporated cities water systems are
somewhat vulnerable to the effects of a major earthquake. In addition to water, wastewater, and
natural gas distribution lines, several major transmission pipelines carrying gasoline are located
within Franklin County.
Chevron Company owns and operates a fuel storage tank facility and pump station within the
City of Pasco. This facility has numerous storage tanks containing large quantities of petroleum
products. During earthquake events ground movement may cause connecting piping to break and
the liquids contained in these tanks may slosh resulting in partial or complete failure of the tanks.
Upon tank failure, these liquid fuels may explode and burn.
There are several dams located in Franklin County. The two largest with the most potential for
disaster are the Lower Monumental Dam and Ice Harbor Dam on the Snake River. These are
under the auspices of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE.) They have regulatory
requirements for inspections and emergency planning. In addition, there are several earth-fill
dams in Franklin County. The majority of these dams are small, are located in sparsely
populated or remote areas, and would have a minor impact on nearby areas should a failure
occur. However, there are two dams that are a concern to Franklin County citizens. These are
Franklin County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan Appendix 7: HVA
2021 - CEMP Pg Appendix 7 - 30
the Lamb-Weston Dam in Connell and the Bureau of Reclamations WB5 Wasteway Detention
Dam northwest of Basin City.
The Washington State Emergency Management Division performed three loss estimation runs
specific to Franklin County using the HAZUS – MH modeling software. The modeling software
uses a variety of database information (Census, Dunn & Bradstreet, etc.) and engineering
calculations to generate an approximate “picture” of what damage is likely to occur as well as
numbers of casualties, structural damage estimates and dollar values of the damage.
The scenarios involved a shallow, daytime earthquake measuring magnitude 6.5 that originated
in each of the three fault systems that surround Franklin County; the Rattlesnake-Wallula fault
system located in Benton and Walla Walla counties, the Saddle Mountain fault system located in
northwestern Franklin and southern Grant counties, and the Horse Heaven Hills fault system
located in southern Benton County. The HAZUS-MH program ran simulations on each of these
scenarios and the results are shown in the figures that follow. The area was divided up by
Census Blocks. The results were calculated in PGA (peak ground acceleration) which measures
ground acceleration (or shaking.) The “hotter” the color on the map the more severe the ground
shaking.
A separate report in HAZAUS-MH estimated that the economic losses from damage to
buildings, building contents, business interruptions and lifelines would be about $400 million. It
also estimated that there would be up to 10 deaths, 50-60 people would require hospitalization,
and several hundred would require medical aid.
Franklin County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan Appendix 7: HVA
2021 - CEMP Pg Appendix 7 - 31
Direct Economic Losses for Buildings
Capital Stock Losses
(thousands of dollars) Income Losses
(thousands of dollars)
Cost
Structural
Damage
Cost Non-
structural
Damage
Cost
Contents
Damage
Inventory
Loss
Loss
Ratio
%
Relocation
Loss
Capital
related
Loss
Wages
Loss
Rental
Income
Loss
Total
Loss
2,435 7,467 2,494 90 0.45 73 604 814 816 14,792
Building Damage by Count by General Occupancy
Occupancy Category Number of Buildings
None Slight Moderate Extensive Complete Total
Agriculture 13 1 0 0 0 14
Commercial 103 12 7 1 0 123
Education 1 0 0 0 0 1
Government 7 1 0 0 0 8
Industrial 7 1 1 0 0 9
Religion 5 1 0 0 0 6
Other Residential 2,647 421 255 20 1 3,344
Single Family 9,061 493 74 5 0 9,633
Total County 11,834 930 337 26 1 13,128
Figure 9: Rattlesnake-Wallula magnitude 6.5 earthquake ground shaking severity by Census Block.
Franklin County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan Appendix 7: HVA
2021 - CEMP Pg Appendix 7 - 32
Direct Economic Losses for Buildings
Capital Stock Losses
(thousands of dollars) Income Losses
(thousands of dollars)
Cost
Structural
Damage
Cost Non-
structural
Damage
Cost
Contents
Damage
Inventory
Loss
Loss
Ratio
%
Relocation
Loss
Capital
related
Loss
Wages
Loss
Rental
Income
Loss
Total
Loss
10,847 34,462 12,779 352 2.07 293 2,911 4,079 3,821 69,544
Building Damage by Count by General Occupancy
Occupancy Category Number of Buildings
None Slight Moderate Extensive Complete Total
Agriculture 12 1 1 0 0 14
Commercial 67 22 24 9 1 123
Education 1 0 0 0 0 1
Government 4 1 2 1 0 8
Industrial 5 2 2 1 0 10
Religion 4 1 1 0 0 6
Other Residential 1,987 606 591 146 14 3,344
Single Family 7,765 1,444 377 45 2 9,633
Total County 9,844 2,078 998 200 18 13,138
Figure 10: Horse Heaven Hills magnitude 6.5 earthquake ground shaking severity by Census Block
Franklin County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan Appendix 7: HVA
2021 - CEMP Pg Appendix 7 - 33
Direct Economic Losses for Buildings
Capital Stock Losses
(thousands of dollars) Income Losses
(thousands of dollars)
Cost
Structural
Damage
Cost Non-
structural
Damage
Cost
Contents
Damage
Inventory
Loss
Loss
Ratio
%
Relocation
Loss
Capital
related
Loss
Wages
Loss
Rental
Income
Loss
Total
Loss
1,722 4,858 1,479 55 0.30 46 279 362 441 9,242
Building Damage by Count by General Occupancy
Occupancy Category Number of Buildings
None Slight Moderate Extensive Complete Total
Agriculture 12 1 1 0 0 14
Commercial 111 8 4 1 0 124
Education 1 0 0 0 0 1
Government 8 0 0 0 0 8
Industrial 8 1 0 0 0 9
Religion 5 0 0 0 0 5
Other Residential 2,642 406 268 26 1 3,343
Single Family 9,200 373 55 4 0 9,632
Total County 11,987 789 328 31 1 13,136
Figure 11: Saddle Mountain magnitude 6.5 earthquake ground shaking severity by Census Block
Franklin County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan Appendix 7: HVA
2021 - CEMP Pg Appendix 7 - 34
PROBABILITY and RISK:
Because of the infrequency of such devastating events, there is a MODERATE
PROBABILITY for a potentially damaging earthquake to occur that would result in many
people being injured or killed and damaging private property, government infrastructure and the
local economy. However, there is a MODERATE RISK to the citizens, infrastructure, and
economy of Franklin County should such an earthquake occur.
CONCLUSION:
It is difficult to identify any part of Franklin County that would not be vulnerable to a moderate-
large earthquake. The citizens of Franklin County need to be knowledgeable and understand the
earthquake risk we all live with on a daily basis. Future population increases and urban
development will require that Franklin County continually re-assess the earthquake hazard.
The SEHMP – 10/2018 has Franklin County indexed at a Medium-Low risk for earthquake.
The SEHMP has Franklin County rated at a Medium-Low risk index for earthquake as depicted
in the map above and rated in the table below:
Image from Washington State Enhanced Hazard Mitigation Plan 10/2018– Earthquake Risk Index (10/17/2018 pg. 81)
County Area Population Vulnerable
Population
Built
Environment
Critical
Infrastructure
State
Facilities
1st Responder
Facilities
Earthquake
Risk Index
Franklin LOW LOW HIGH LOW LOW MEDIUM LOW MEDIUM -
LOW
Franklin County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan Appendix 7: Hazard Vulnerability Analysis
2021 - CEMP Pg Appendix 7 - 35
C. FIRE
DEFINITIONS:
Structure Fire – a fire of accidental or human-caused origin that results in the uncontrolled
destruction of homes, businesses, and other structures in populated, urban or suburban areas.
Wildland Fire – a fire of exposure or human-caused origin that results in the uncontrolled
destruction of forests, field crops and grasslands.
Wildland-Urban Interface – a fire of natural or human-caused origin that occurs in or near
forest or grassland areas where isolated homes, subdivisions, and small communities are also
located.
NOTE: This section consolidates the information from the Franklin County Community Wildfire
Protection Plan, 2014. For detailed information please refer to that document.
BACKGROUND INFORMATION:
Franklin County experiences three types of fire threats: structure fires, wildland fires, and
wildland-urban interface fires. Structure fires do not typically pose a great threat to the
community except when the fire spreads to other nearby structures and quickly expands to a size
that could threaten large numbers of people and overwhelm local fire resources. Wildland fires
are a natural part of the ecosystem in Washington State. However, wildfires can present a
substantial hazard to resources, life and property. Statistics show that on an annual basis, an
average of 905 wildland fires burn 6,488 acres resulting in a resource loss of $2,103,884 in
Washington State. Most wildland fires are started by human causes including discarded
cigarettes, the discharge of fireworks, outdoor burning and deliberate acts of arson. Many of
these fires are usually extinguished in their initial stages being less than one acre in area.
Depending upon weather, topography, fuels accumulation and other factors, wildland fires can
spread rapidly to hundreds or thousands of acres and may require hundreds of firefighters
working several weeks to extinguish.
One challenge Franklin County faces regarding the wildfire hazard is from the increasing
number of homes being built in the urban/rural fringe (known as the wildland-urban interface).
Due to a growing population and the desire of some persons to live in rural or isolated areas or
on hillsides with scenic views, development continues to expand further and further into
traditional open space lands. Wildfires occur primarily in undeveloped areas; these natural lands
contain dense vegetation such as grasslands or agricultural croplands. Because of their distance
from firefighting resources and personnel, these fires can be difficult to contain and can cause a
great deal of destruction. Lightning and human carelessness are the primary causes of wildland
fires. Fortunately, due to the availability of fire protection capabilities and our irrigated
landscape, large-scale wildland fires are rare in Franklin County. The potential exists for
individual fires to spread and merge together to form a firestorm covering vast amounts of area.
The involved area becomes so hot that all combustible materials ignite, even if they are not
exposed directly to flames. As the fire becomes larger, it has the capacity to create its own local
weather as superheated air and hot combustion gases rise upward over the fire zone, drawing
surface winds from all sides, often at velocities approaching 50 miles per hour. In exceptionally
Franklin County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan Appendix 7: Hazard Vulnerability Analysis
2021 - CEMP Pg Appendix 7 - 36
large events, the rising column of heated air and combustion gases carries enough soot and
particulate matter into the upper atmosphere to create a locally intense thunderstorm thereby
increasing the possibility of additional lightning strikes.
HISTORY:
Franklin County has been fairly fortunate in that it hasn’t experienced any truly large-scale,
disastrous fires. Although Franklin County typically has a few fires that occur on rural lands
each year, almost all of these fires are extremely small (less than 5 acres in size.) The majority
of these fires involve minimal resources and response costs are typically low.
HAZARD IDENTIFICATION:
Unlike other disaster events, the direct effects of even a large fire are generally limited to the
immediate area where the fire occurred. However, the community’s normal as well as emergency
services may be affected as large numbers of agencies and individual responders focus their
efforts on the fire. Adjacent fire agencies may be asked for assistance in one form or another and
access to a city’s business district may be restricted or closed and the influx of sightseers and
media personnel can further add to the disruption. Furthermore, since most fire fighters in
Franklin County are volunteers, large fire events could significantly affect not only their lives but
their source of employment should economic impacts continue.
Evacuation of a fire zone is one of the first tasks that may need to be undertaken by emergency
responders. Depending upon the size of the fire zone, the population density of the area, and the
number of persons needing emergency shelter, evacuation efforts may have a significant effect
on other parts of the community. The fire season in Franklin County can begin as early as mid-
April and continue through October though unusually dry periods can extend the fire season. The
possibility of a wildland fire depends on fuel availability, topography, the time of year, weather,
and activities such as debris burning, land clearing, camping, and recreation. In Washington
State, wildland fires start most often in lawns, fields or other open areas, and along transportation
routes. Due to their size and complexity, large fires can put a tremendous strain on a wide
variety of agencies and jurisdictions within the area that the fire occurs and local resources could
be quickly overwhelmed in dealing with the impacts of a large fire.
Those persons living or doing business in the area of a large fire could be affected in several
ways. Access to the area will probably be controlled or entry may be denied entirely. If a
recreational area is involved, this closure may have a severe impact on tourist industry business.
In many cases, evacuations may be necessary if the fire directly threatens residential or
commercial areas or in the event health issues could result from heavy volumes of smoke
associated with large fires.
VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT:
Those persons living in interface areas are most vulnerable to wildland or wildland-urban
interface fires. Within Franklin County, approximately 85% of the land area is used for
agricultural purposes. All of these areas are vulnerable to wildland or wildland-urban interface
fires. The potential for large wildland fires in Franklin County can be termed as moderate. Risk
assessments should be accomplished by the use of the national standard NFPA-299 for
standardization of the risk potential. Irrigated farmlands, improved fire spotting techniques,
Franklin County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan Appendix 7: Hazard Vulnerability Analysis
2021 - CEMP Pg Appendix 7 - 37
better equipment, and trained personnel are major factors in the fairly small number of wildland
fires that have occurred in the county. Most of the land areas of Franklin County receive about
8-10 inches of rainfall annually with some areas receiving a little less. This dry climate and the
frequent occurrence of strong, dry winds can cause natural fire fuels to reach a combustible state.
Additionally, high summer temperatures coupled with seasonal low rainfall amounts sometimes
lead to summer drought conditions in the agricultural industry. These conditions are reached
more often than most people realize. Luckily, there has been a lack of ignition during times of
serious fire danger in Franklin County. However, the absence of large fires coupled with
reduced burning has also resulted in greater fuel loading which could lead to a catastrophic fire
given the right set of conditions.
Should a wildland fire or wildland-urban interface fire occur, the impacts of the fire would vary
greatly with the size and location of the fire, the weather, and time of year. It is unlikely that a
major wildland or wildland- urban interface fire would seriously impact Franklin County as a
whole.
In the event of a large wildland or wildland-urban interface fire, additional resources could be
requested through activation of the Tri-County Fire Mutual Aid Agreement, Southeastern
Washington Regional Fire Mobilization Plan and/or the Washington State Fire Mobilization Plan
in addition to other state and federal fire resources.
While there have always been a certain number of people that have built homes in open areas, in
recent years, the numbers of people choosing to build in or very near wildland areas has
increased significantly as city limits have expanded into previously unpopulated and agricultural
areas. As the population of Franklin County increases and peoples desire to live in more rural or
isolated areas outside of the Pasco area, development in the wildland-urban interface will
continue to expand thereby increasing the potential risk to lives and property from wildland and
wildland urban-interface fires.
Should a large wildland or wildland-urban interface fire occur in Franklin County, the effects of
such an event would not be limited to just the loss of valuable rangeland, wildlife habitat, and
recreational areas. The loss of large amounts of vegetation on steep slopes of watersheds would
increase the risk of landslides and mudslides during the winter months and the depositing of
large amounts of mud and debris in streams, rivers, and irrigation channels could threaten
valuable fish habitat and watershed usage for many years. In addition, the loss of crops and
grazing land could significantly impact the agricultural industry in Franklin County for a few
years or more.
If a significant portion of the business area has been affected, the loss to the community can be
overwhelming. Reduction of payrolls, infrastructure and long-term layoffs during recovery from
a large fire could have a serious impact on the buying power of a large sector of the population.
A long-term business closure could also have a large impact to the community’s tax base.
The Washington State Department of Natural Resources, Southeast Region, has conducted a
region-wide wildland fire hazard assessment utilizing the RAMS (Risk Assessment and
Mitigation Strategies) program. RAMS considers the effects of fire on unit ecosystems by taking
Franklin County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan Appendix 7: Hazard Vulnerability Analysis
2021 - CEMP Pg Appendix 7 - 38
a coordinated approach to planning at a landscape level. It was developed for fire managers to
be an all-inclusive approach to analyzing wildland fuel hazard, protection capabilities, ignition
risk, fire history, catastrophic fire potential, and values.
The assessment of fuel hazard deals with identifying areas of like fire behavior based on fuel and
topography. Protection capability assessment involves estimating the actual response times for
initial attack forces and how complex the actual suppression action may be once they arrive
because of access, fuel profile, existence of natural or human-made barriers to fire spread,
presence of structures and predicted fire behavior. Ignition risks are those human activities or
natural events which have the potential to result in an ignition. Fire history looks the fire
locations, cause, number of acres burned annually, and the average annual number of fire by
cause. Catastrophic fire potential is an evaluation of fire history that reflects the potential for an
event to occur. A value assessment looks at the natural or developed areas where loss or
destruction by fire would be unacceptable.
This RAMS evaluation rated Franklin County as follows:
Fuel Load: LOW Ranking Values: MODERATE
Protection Capability: MODERATE Catastrophic Potential: MODERATE
Ignition Risk: MODERATE Composite Rating: MODERATE
History: HIGH
The evaluation process provides the basis for determining the Franklin County wildland-urban
interface fire risk.
PROBABILITY and RISK:
Based on historical evidence, there is a MODERATE PROBABILITY of a large wildland or
wildland-urban interface fire occurring in Franklin County and a MODERATE RISK to people
and property as a result of a large wildland or wildland-urban interface fire.
CONCLUSION:
Franklin County’s dry climate and vast grassland areas makes it a potential tinderbox for a major
fire. While wildland and wildland urban-interface fires do occur in Franklin County on a fairly
regular basis during the warm summer months, these fires are typically very small and are
usually extinguished with existing personnel and equipment.
Approximately 85 % of the land in Franklin County is comprised of agricultural land that is
vulnerable to wildland or wildland urban-interface fires. Much of the agricultural lands are
serviced by volunteer fire protection districts. Building homes or other structures in areas
without fire protection increases the risk of loss from fires. In the past, structures were often
built with minimal awareness regarding the risks associated with wildland or wildland urban-
interface fires. Fortunately, most land that is not irrigated for crops is utilized as open
range/grazing land. Fires regularly occur on these lands. The fires are fast moving and
dangerous, but usually don’t cause significant damage to structures other than
telephone/electrical poles.
Franklin County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan Appendix 7: Hazard Vulnerability Analysis
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The SEHMP-10/2018 has Franklin County rated as LOW on the risk index for fire. Again,
although our area has fires, their impact on the county as a whole isn’t usually catastrophic in
nature.
Image from Washington State Enhanced Hazard Mitigation Plan 10/2018– Wildfire Risk Index (10/17/2018 pg. 120)
County Area Population Vulnerable
Population
Built
Environment
Critical
Infrastructure
State
Facilities
1st Responder
Facilities
Fire Risk
Index
Franklin LOW MEDIUM -
LOW
MEDIUM MEDIUM -
LOW
LOW LOW LOW LOW
Franklin County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan Appendix 7: Hazard Vulnerability Analysis
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D. FLOOD
DEFINITIONS:
Flood – An inundation of dry land with water caused by weather phenomena and events that
deliver more precipitation to a drainage basin than can be readily adsorbed or stored within the
basin.
Flood Watch – Issued by the National Weather Service when the probability of a hazardous
flooding event has increased significantly but its occurrence, location, or timing is still uncertain.
The public can set their plans in motion to prepare for the event. A Flood Watch is issued from
12 to 36 hours before the occurrence of the event.
Flood Warning – Issued by the National Weather Service when a hazardous flooding event is
occurring, is imminent, or has a high probability of occurrence within 12 hours. A Flood
Warning is issued for conditions posing a threat to life and/or property.
Flood Stage – A height at which a watercourse overtops its banks and begins to cause damage to
any portion of the river valley.
Floodplain – The land area of a river valley that becomes inundated with water during a flood.
Floodway – That portion of the natural floodplain that is regularly inundated during the normal
annual flood cycles of a river or stream. For most waterways, the floodway is where the water is
likely to be deepest and fastest. It is the area of the floodplain that should be kept free of
obstructions to allow floodwaters to move downstream.
100-Year Floodplain – That portion of the floodplain that would be inundated by water during a
100-Year Flood event.
500-Year Floodplain – that portion of the floodplain that would be inundated by water during a
500-Year Flood event.
National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) – A Federal program enabling property owners in
participating communities to purchase insurance protection against losses from flooding. This
insurance is designed to provide an insurance alternative to disaster assistance to meet the
escalating costs of repairing damage to buildings and their contents caused by floods.
Participation in the NFIP is based on an agreement between local communities and the Federal
Government which states if a community will adopt and enforce a floodplain management
ordinance to reduce future flood risks to new construction in Special Flood Hazard Areas, the
Federal Government will make flood insurance available within the community as a financial
protection against flood losses.
Community Rating System (CRS) – A voluntary program within the NFIP that encourages and
recognizes community floodplain management activities that exceed the minimum NFIP
standards for local mitigation, outreach, and education. Under the CRS, flood insurance rates are
adjusted to reflect the reduced flood risk resulting from community activities that reduce flood
Franklin County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan Appendix 7: Hazard Vulnerability Analysis
2021 - CEMP Pg Appendix 7 - 41
losses, facilitate accurate insurance rating, and promote the awareness of flood insurance.
Currently, Franklin County does not have any jurisdiction that participates in the CRS program.
BACKGROUND INFORMATION:
Flooding occurs on rivers and streams when excessive water discharge causes river or stream
channels to overflow. The Columbia River, Snake River and Esquatzel Coulee are all susceptible
to flooding.
The threat of flooding in Franklin County is greatest in the months of December through
February although flood events may occur during other months of the year. Winter flood events
have the potential to produce the highest peak flows when significant snowfall is present,
followed by rapidly rising temperature and/or heavy rain. In addition, increased flow rates from
the hydroelectric dams further increase the potential of flooding due to their effect on river
discharge flows. The Columbia River is the second largest river system in the United States
behind the Mississippi River. From its source in Canada, the Columbia River flows 1,243 miles
and empties into the Pacific Ocean at Astoria, Oregon. The river drains an area of approximately
250,000 square miles.
The Snake River runs along the eastern boundary of Franklin County and includes two dams
operated by the US Army Corps of Engineers. The height and composition of the terrain on the
Franklin County side of the Snake River makes very unlikely that Franklin County would ever
receive much, if any, damage from a flood. Walla Walla County is far more susceptible to flood
damage from the Snake River.
The Esquatzel Coulee is located in the central portion of the county. It starts in Connell at the
confluence of the Washtucna Coulee from the northeast via Kahlotus, the Providence Coulee
from the north in Adams County and the Othello Channels from the northwest. Additionally, the
Old Maid and Dunnigan Coulees join from the east. The Esquatzel Coulee runs south from
Connell following the general path of US 395, through Mesa and Eltopia, and ends just north of
Pasco.
HISTORY:
The Columbia River has a history of flood events. Floods have occurred in 1894, 1948, 1964,
1974, and 1979. However, since several dams have been erected in the Columbia and Snake
Rivers, the likelihood of river flooding occurring has been drastically reduced. Additionally, the
Esquatzel Coulee has a history of flooding. Newspaper articles and photographs recorded
Esquatzel Coulee flooding in 1907, 1956 and 1969. Of the floods listed above, only three have
resulted in Disaster Declarations.
Flood Events Resulting in Disaster Declarations
(Information obtained from Washington State Emergency Management Division files)
• February 1956 – (Major Disaster Declaration #50) Flooding due to heavy snowfall
followed by rapid raise in temperature. No public or individual assistance records
available.
• March 1979 – (Emergency Disaster Declaration #3070) Flash Flood in Mesa. Locally
declared emergency. No public or individual assistance records available.
Franklin County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan Appendix 7: Hazard Vulnerability Analysis
2021 - CEMP Pg Appendix 7 - 42
• December 96 – February 1997 (Major Disaster Declaration #1159) – Public Assistance
$350,912 (Does not include Individual Assistance or Small Business Administration
Loans Information).
• January 30 - February 22, 2017 (FEMA-4309-DR) severe winter storm and flooding
• July 2018 – Extreme temperatures, dry conditions and fire hazard (WA Proc 18-05)
• February 2019 – Severe Winter Storms (WA Proc 19-02)
• January 2020 – Severe Winter Weather (WA Proc 20-01)
• July 2020 – Extreme temperatures, dry conditions and fire hazard (WA Proc 20-68)
• 01/01 – 03/31, 2021 Winter Weather (WA Proc. 21-03)
• 06/28 – 07/07, 2021 Extreme Heat Emergency
HAZARD IDENTIFICATION:
While dikes and other flood management devices have controlled much of the flood threat to
Franklin County jurisdictions, these devices have also contributed to the vulnerability of the
citizens and business located within these floodplains. Without the flood control management
structures, minor flooding would occur on a much more frequent basis. The “inconvenience” of
minor flooding would have most likely encouraged residential and commercial development to
be located on higher ground and out of flood hazard areas.
With the flood control devices in place, the “inconvenience” of minor flood events has been
minimized and the residents and business owners of Franklin County have perhaps gained a false
sense of security - they may mistakenly assume that these devices will protect them from all
floods in addition to the smaller, more frequent events. It should be noted that even though the
floodplains of Franklin County only comprise 2.5% of the total land area, approximately 1500
people or about 3% of the population of Franklin County live within the floodway and the
floodplain of the Columbia River or Esquatzel Coulee. Major intersections of our transportation
and communication infrastructure are also located in the floodplain. A major Columbia River
flood event that causes portions of the City of Pasco to be inundated with water has the potential
to severely impact the overall economy of Franklin County as well as other communities within
the Tri-Cities region.
While the Columbia River poses a flood threat in the southern portion of the county, the
Esquatzel Coulee, located in the central and northern portion of the county, also poses a
significant threat of its own. This coulee does not have any flood control management device
other than some floodway structures located in Mesa. The coulee has a history of flooding areas
of Mesa, Connell, and Eltopia.
VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT:
All persons, property, and businesses located within the floodway and the floodplain of the
Columbia River or Esquatzel Coulee are directly vulnerable to flooding. In addition, the overall
economy of Franklin County is directly or indirectly vulnerable to major flood events.
In the past, those mainly affected by flooding were the families that lived along the Columbia
River shoreline or in the cities of Connell, Mesa and Kahlotus. With the dramatic increases in
population and commercial development in the southern portion of Franklin County that has
Franklin County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan Appendix 7: Hazard Vulnerability Analysis
2021 - CEMP Pg Appendix 7 - 43
occurred in recent years, the effects of a major flood event could be long-term and very difficult
to overcome.
PROBABLITY AND RISK:
Based upon the historical record of flooding in the Columbia River and the Esquatzel Coulee and
the impacts flood events have had on the citizens of Franklin County, there is a MODERATE
PROBABILITY of future flooding and a MODERATE RISK for the people, businesses, and
infrastructure located within the floodway and the floodplain of the Columbia River and
Esquatzel Coulee.
CONCLUSION:
In Franklin County, floods are a threat to property and the environment, and to a lesser extent,
the safety of persons and livestock located within the floodway and the floodplain.
The citizens of Franklin County need to have an understanding of the flood risk and of the areas
in which they elect to live and do business. Citizens need to know what the terms FLOOD
WATCH and FLOOD WARNING mean. They need to know that the existing dike system (or
any other flood control device) will not protect their property from all flood events.
Those persons that choose to live and/or work in a flood hazard area need to recognize that
government is not able to totally protect them from the impacts of a flood. Those people at
risk need to take the necessary actions to prepare themselves, their families, and their
businesses before a flood event – not after. Franklin County participates in the National Flood
Insurance Program. Persons buying homes in the floodway and/or the 100-year flood plain are
almost always required to purchase flood insurance as a condition of financing; however, there is
no requirement that all residential structures purchase flood insurance if not required by a
lending institution. According to figures provided by the Washington State Floodplain Manager,
there have been only a handful of flood insurance policies issued in Franklin County.
Jurisdiction Policies Total Coverage
Pasco 1 $350,000
Connell 3 $315,000
Mesa 0 -
Kahlotus 0 -
Unincorporated Franklin County 26 $6,988,600
Total 30 $7,653,600
Table 3: Flood Insurance Policies by Jurisdiction (Source: FEMA NFIP Insurance Report Washington 10/2021)
Warning and evacuation of flood-prone areas has improved significantly in the past 25 years.
River flow gauging systems operated by the United Stated Geological Survey provide the
National Weather Service, the River Forecast Center, and Franklin County Government with up-
to-date river levels greatly increasing the ability to predict flood events on the Columbia River.
The timeliness of these predictions, as well as the familiarity of local agencies as to their roles
and responsibilities, significantly improves the county’s preparedness level for flood events.
During a flood event, every attempt is made to ensure that flood warning information is
disseminated as widely as possible. In addition, 24-hour flood information is available via
Franklin County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan Appendix 7: Hazard Vulnerability Analysis
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telephone and the Internet to aid citizen access to flood information. This information includes
river-level gauge readings that are updated on a regular basis during flood emergencies.
The SEHMP-10/2018 has Franklin County rated Medium-High in the Flood Risk Index. Floods
have cause some of the more severe damage in Franklin County. Most severe damage is seen on
the roads in the unincorporated portions of the county.
Image and table from Washington State Enhanced Hazard Mitigation Plan 10/2018– Flood Risk Index (10/17/2018 pg. 87)
County Area Population Vulnerable
Population
Built
Environment
Critical
Infrastructure
State
Facilities
1st Responder
Facilities
Flood Risk
Index
Franklin MEDIUM MEDIUM HIGH MEDIUM MEDIUM -
HIGH
MEDIUM MEDIUM MEDIUM -
HIGH
Franklin County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan Appendix 7: Hazard Vulnerability Analysis
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E. LAND MOVEMENT
DEFINITIONS:
Alluvial Fan – the alluvial deposit of a stream where it issues from a gorge upon a plain or of a
tributary stream at its junction with the main stream.
Landslide – ground movement that may include rock falls, deep failure of slopes, and shallow
debris flows.
Swale - a low-lying or depressed and often wet stretch of land.
BACKGROUND INFORMATION:
Landslides occur in every state and U.S. territory. The Appalachian Mountains, the Rocky
Mountains and the Pacific Coastal Ranges and some parts of Alaska and Hawaii have severe
landslide problems. Any area composed of very weak or fractured materials resting on a steep
slope can and will likely experience landslides. Although the physical cause of many landslides
cannot be removed, geologic investigations, good engineering practices, and effective
enforcement of land-use management regulations can reduce landslide hazards.
USGS scientists continue to produce landslide susceptibility maps for many areas in the United
States. In every state, USGS scientists monitor stream flow, noting changes in sediment load
carried by rivers and streams that may result from landslides. Hydrologists with expertise in
debris flows and mudflows are studying these hazards in volcanic regions. The force of gravity
acting on a steep slope is the primary reason for a landslide. However, there are other
contributing factors that may include but are not limited to:
• Erosion by rivers or streams that undercut steep slopes.
• Weakening of rock and soil slopes through saturation by heavy snowmelt or irrigation.
• Ground movement due to earthquakes.
• Ground failure due to excessive weight from the accumulation of rain or snow;
stockpiling of rock, ore, or waste piles; or large man-made structures.
Deep-seated landslides are found along the slopes of the shoreline, often referred to as ancient
landslides, which may become active in particularly wet conditions. These large landslides range
in size from less than an acre to several acres and may extend over a mile of shoreline. Shallow
landslides with debris avalanches are the most common type, typically occurring during
prolonged periods of heavy soil saturation from rain, snowmelt or irrigation, and involve a
relatively thin layer of extremely dangerous wet soil and vegetation that can travel quickly with
destructive force. Mid-slope benches can be hazardous slide areas. These relatively level
benches on an otherwise steep slope may indicate past slope movement. Shoreline or steep
inland areas are periodically struck with very large, rapid landslides. These large slumps or
slides can cut 50 or more feet into the upland and involve tens of thousands of tons of earth.
Slope material that becomes super-saturated with water may develop into a debris flow or mud
flow as it moves downhill. These flows generally occur during periods of intense irrigation or
rapid snowmelt. Debris flows usually start on steep hillsides as shallow landslides that liquefy
and accelerate to speeds that are typically about 10 miles per hour but can exceed 35 miles per
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hour. The consistency of debris flow ranges from watery mud to thick, rocky mud that can carry
large items such as boulders, trees, and cars. These flows continue flowing down hills and
through channels, growing in volume with the addition of water, sand, mud, boulders, trees, and
other materials. When these flows reach canyon mouths or flatter ground, the debris spreads over
a broad area, sometimes accumulating in thick deposits that can damage developed areas.
HISTORY:
Franklin County has some areas that exhibit steep terrain, are heavily irrigated and have
an abundance of weak soils. All of these combine to make portions of the county
susceptible to land movements. It is important to note that not all of the conditions listed above
guarantee that a landslide will occur just like assuming that a landslide will occur only if all of
the conditions above have been met. Franklin County has had landslides in the past. Evidence
is clearly present along the high cliffs and steep slopes of the Columbia and Snake Rivers.
Additionally, inland portions of the county, particularly in the northeastern portion of the county,
have some high slope areas that are susceptible to landslides. Two landslides have recently
occurred in Franklin County. One caused during the irrigation season in May 2006, which
covered state highway State Route 170. The other landslide occurred along the White Bluffs
along the Columbia River in August 2008.
HAZARD IDENTIFICATION:
Some landslides move slowly and cause damage gradually, whereas others move so rapidly that
they can destroy property and take lives suddenly and unexpectedly. Debris flows, sometimes
referred to as mudslides, mudflows, lahars, or debris avalanches, are common types of fast
moving landslides. These flows generally occur during periods of intense rainfall or irrigation or
when there is a rapid snowmelt. They usually start on steep hillsides as shallow landslides that
liquefy and accelerate to speeds that are typically about 10 mph, but can exceed 35 mph. The
consistency of a debris flow ranges from watery mud to thick, rocky mud that can carry large
items such as boulders, trees, and cars. Debris flows from many different sources can combine
in channels where their destructive power may be greatly increased. They continue flowing
down hills and through channels, growing in volume with the addition of water, sand, mud,
boulders, trees, and other materials. When the flows reach canyon mouths or flatter ground, the
debris spreads over a broad area, sometimes accumulating in thick deposits that can wreak havoc
in developed areas. Areas that have experienced landslides in the past tend to be most
susceptible to future landslides, especially during periods of rapid snowmelt or heavy
irrigation. Because these areas consist of broken materials and frequently involve disruption of
ground water flow, these dormant sites can be more vulnerable to slides caused by construction
activities than adjacent, undisturbed soil.
The Franklin Conservation District states that geologic hazards in the county are related to
landslides occurring in the steep bluffs along the Columbia River and in Ringold Coulee. Marrat
(1988) attributes landslides in the steep bluffs along the Columbia River to three factors: (1)
undercutting of the toe of the White Bluffs by the Columbia River, (2) unstable nature of the
Ringold formation (stratified fluvial-lacustrine deposits overlying Columbia River Basalt), and (3)
increase in groundwater table since the Columbia Basin project became operational.
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Hays and Schuster (1987) note that active landslides are occurring at Locke Island (north of
White Bluffs Ferry Landing) and Savage Island (north of Ringold Flat) along the Columbia
River. Both of the landslide areas are as a result of irrigation from the Columbia Basin Project.
They also state that evidence is present that confirms the presence of inactive landslides along
the Franklin County side of the Columbia River.
Figure 12: Landslide and Severe Water Erosion Hazard Areas
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As houses and roads are built on steeper slopes and hillsides, landslide hazards become an
increasingly serious threat to life and property. Increasing residential development along slopes
and cliffs such as the rapid development of homes along the cliffs overlooking the Columbia
River and other similar cliffs and hillsides throughout the county are at a greater risk to land
movement than older developments located on hillsides with less slope. In addition, wildland
fires and land clearing for housing developments or agricultural use may cause soils to become
less stable thereby increasing the threat of slides. One or a combination of factors may
precipitate a landslide. Undercutting of a slope by river or stream erosion, wildland fire, or road
building may cause landslides. Intense or prolonged irrigation, rapid snowmelt, freezing and
thawing of soil or sharp fluctuations in groundwater levels are all normal for Franklin County
and may be the cause of a sudden landslide which may be combined with flooding. Shocks or
vibrations caused by earthquakes, large explosion, or construction activity can also lead to
landslides. Land stability cannot be predicted with current technology.
Due to population density and desire of people to have a home with a view, an increasing
number of structures are built on top of or below slopes subject to land sliding. Landslides in
these areas can take lives, destroy homes and businesses, undermine bridges, derail railroad cars,
cover fish habitat and spawning grounds, interrupt transportation infrastructure, and damage
utilities.
The following list is a compilation of comments and suggestions made by various
stakeholders and the public regarding possible problems that could result from a land
movement event.
In addition to damaging homes, businesses, property, and the environment, a land movement
event in Franklin County could potentially result in the following:
• Disrupted and/or damaged transportation routes and systems.
• Damage to underground as well as above-ground utilities.
• Secondary damage may occur due erosion caused by broken water transmission lines.
• Streams may be partially or completely blocked and/or diverted from their normal
channels. A very large land movement event could possibly block river channels
resulting in the formation of a lake upstream of the blockage and the threat of a sudden
release of this trapped water upon failure of the material.
VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT:
Homes, businesses, schools, hospitals, roads, bridges, and other infrastructure located on or near
previous slide areas, steep slopes, or alluvial fans are most vulnerable to the impacts of
landslides, debris flows, or mudflows. Property and lives may be lost and transportation routes
as well as utility infrastructure may be damaged. A large landslide that affects creek beds, rivers,
or lakes may cause flooding. Canyon bottoms, stream channels, and areas near the outlets of
canyons or channels are particularly hazardous. Multiple debris flows that start high in canyons
commonly funnel into channels; there, they merge, gain volume, and can travel long distances
from their sources. Debris flows commonly begin in swales on steep slopes making areas down-
slope from swales particularly hazardous. Road cuts and other altered or excavated areas of
slopes are particularly susceptible to debris flows. Debris flows and other landslides onto
roadways are common during heavy rain events and can occur during milder rain events than
those needed for debris flows on natural slopes. Areas where surface runoff is channeled (such
as along roadways and below culverts) are common sites of debris flows and landslides to occur.
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PROBABILITY and RISK:
Based on historical evidence, there is a MODERATE PROBABILITY of a destructive
landslide occurring in Franklin County. Because of the infrequency of landslide events
occurring in populated areas of Franklin County, there is a LOW RISK associated with this
hazard during the majority of the year with the risk increasing to MODERATE during the
times when irrigation systems are up and operating; typically mid-March through the end
of October.
CONCLUSION:
Washington is one of seven states listed by the Federal Emergency Management Agency as
being especially vulnerable to severe land stability problems. Earthquakes combined with heavy
saturated soils may increase risk for those previously thought to be on stable ground. With an
increasing population desiring “view” property and tree removal to be able to “see the view”
there is increasing risk of landslides in residential areas. Those buildings on or near steep slopes
and bluffs could be at risk during the irrigation season or a rapid snowmelt. The property located
below these steep slopes and bluffs is particularly vulnerable.
As with all other hazards, people need to become familiar with their surroundings. Slopes
where debris flows have occurred in the past are likely to experience them in the future.
Buildings should be built away from steep slopes, streams, rivers, and dry stream beds. Those
persons who live in slide-prone areas need to be aware of storm-water drainage patterns on
slopes near their homes and note places where runoff water converges. Residents of slide-prone
areas should be aware of hillsides and watch for any signs of land movement such as very small
landslides or debris flows or progressively tilting trees.
The SEHMP-10/2018 has Franklin County listed as a Medium-Low on the Landslide Risk Index.
The landslides that have happened in Franklin County have been substantial in volume but have
happened in more remote areas. The 04/2019 Mesa/Othello rockslide is a small example.
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Image from Washington State Enhanced Hazard Mitigation Plan 10/2018– Landslide Risk Index (10/17/2018 pg. 93)
REFERENCES:
Marrat, W. J.,(1988). Study of Landslides Along the Columbia River in the Block 15 Area of
Franklin County, Washington. Pasco, Washington: Franklin Conservation District
Schuster, R.L. & Hays, W.H. (1984). Irrigation-Induced Landslides in Soft Rocks and Sediments
along the Columbia River, South-Central Washington State, U.S.A. Reprinted from the IV
International Symposium on Landslides Toronto 1984 Proceedings, Vol. I, pp431-436
County Area Population Vulnerable
Population
Built
Environment
Critical
Infrastructure
State
Facilities
1st Responder
Facilities
Landslide
Risk Index
Franklin LOW MEDIUM MEDIUM MEDIUM LOW MEDIUM -
LOW
MEDIUM -
LOW
MEDIUM -
LOW
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F. SEVERE STORMS
DEFINITIONS:
Blizzard – sustained wind or frequent gusts to 35 mph or greater and considerable falling and /or
blowing snow that frequently reduces visibility to less than one quarter-mile.
Dust Storm – a storm of dust and debris blown by wind gusts of at least 35 mph, or caused by a
downburst from a dry thunderstorm that reduces visibility to less than one quarter mile.
Heavy Snow – accumulations of 4 inches or more of snow in 12 hours or 6 inches or more of
snow in 24 hours in non-mountainous areas; accumulations of 8 inches or more of snow in 12
hours or 12 inches or more of snow in 24 hours in mountainous areas.
High Wind – sustained wind at greater than 40 miles per hour and/or gusts to greater than 58
miles per hour.
Severe Local Storm – an atmospheric disturbance manifested in strong winds, tornadoes, rain,
snow, or other precipitation (hail, sleet, ice), and often accompanied by thunder or lightning.
Severe Thunderstorm – a storm that produces hail ¾ inch in diameter or larger and/or wind
gusts of 58 miles per hour or more.
Thunderstorm – a local storm usually with gusty winds, heavy rain, and sometimes hail and
accompanied by lightning.
Tornado – a violently rotating column of air attached to a thunderstorm and in contact with the
ground.
BACKGROUND INFORMATION:
The climate of Washington State (as well as Franklin County) is regulated by two primary
factors:
• The strength of the jet stream or the storm track.
• The degree to which the orographic effect of the Cascade Mountain influences the flow
of maritime and continental air masses.
The jet stream affects the weather of Washington State much of the year, growing stronger as
autumn progresses, reaching maximum strength in winter, and subsiding again in spring. In
summer, the jet stream is usually very weak and is displaced to the north over Canada. Rainfall
in the summer is infrequent and temperatures across the region are determined by the extent of
marine air mass intrusions from the coast. Typical summer rainfall consists of showers and
associated thunderstorms coming up from Oregon. The amount of shower activity is dependent
upon the degree to which hot air masses with monsoon moisture work their way north from the
desert southwest.
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The strength, position, and orientation of the jet stream can change from year to year. This is the
reason some winters are mild and comparatively dry, while others are cold and wet. The semi-
permanent winter low-pressure system in the Gulf of Alaska and the jet stream are also
influenced by factors such as El Nino and La Nina. Southeastern Washington receives most of
it’s precipitation during the winter and early spring. When the jet stream sags south of
Washington State, cold, dry wintertime continental air masses can sometimes blanket the entire
Columbia Basin region.
Franklin County can experience all types of severe weather except hurricanes, although on
occasion, windstorms exceed hurricane force winds. There have been tornado sightings in the
past. On average, Franklin County experiences less than 10 thunderstorm days each year.
Most storms move into Franklin County with a southwest to northeast airflow. On occasion
however, wind and snow events move into the county from the north accompanied by cold,
arctic air. Windstorms with sustained winds of 50 miles per hour or greater occur somewhat
regularly and are powerful enough to cause significant damage. Most of these storms cause
transportation-related problems and damage to utilities. On occasion, homes and other structures
are damaged either by high winds or falling trees. Due to its geographical position, Franklin
County experiences all types of weather events, especially damaging wind. Furthermore, the
varied topography that exists within Franklin County can generate variable wind patterns and
locally accelerated winds. Likewise, the central and northern portions of Franklin County can
also experience locally accelerated winds.
HISTORY:
While there have been many severe storms that have impacted Franklin County in the past, a few
of the most notable storms to affect Franklin County were the 1948 Columbia River Flood, the
January 1950 Blizzard, and the December 1996-January 1997 Winter Storm and Flood. A more
complete listing of these events is described below.
• January 1929 – An extreme cold front moved into the Columbia Basin. Many homes
damaged by broken pipes. The Columbia River froze over.
• December 1935 – Another severe cold front moved in from the Canadian Artic.
Extremely cold temperatures experienced from -10Ε to -20Ε ranges for a long period of
time. The Columbia River froze over again.
• May/June 1948 – Greatest Spring Snowmelt Flooding: Snowmelt flooding on the
Columbia River affected Pasco and other low-lying areas along the Columbia River. The
flood lasted for 45 days.
• January 1949 – An “artic blast” moved down from Canada bringing extremely cold
temperatures. The Columbia River froze over. The Tri-City Herald prints pictures of
people droving vehicles over the ice between Kennewick and Pasco.
• January 13, 1950 – The January 1950 Blizzard: A massive winter storm caused blizzard
conditions in much of eastern Washington. Record snow fall and a long period of
subzero temperatures occurred throughout the Columbia Basin. Several dozen fatalities
occurred.
• December 1996 & January 1997 – Snow & Wind: Heavy accumulations of snow fell
throughout eastern Washington including Franklin County. Franklin County received
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several days’ accumulation of snow followed by high winds and rain. (FEMA Disaster
Declaration #1159).
• January 30 - February 22, 2017 (FEMA-4309-DR) severe winter storm and flooding
• March 10-30, 2017 (WA Proclamation 17-05) severe storms
• June – August 2017, (WA Proclamation 17-12) prolonged extreme temperatures and
dangerous fire fuel conditions
• February 8-12, 2019 Snow storm
• June 25- July 7, 2021, prolonged and extreme heat, 110 o average - topping out at 117o
Data or frequency of severe storm events was obtained from the Special Hazard Events and
Losses Database for the United States (SHELDUS) developed by the Hazard Research Lab at the
University of South Carolina, and from the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) of the
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA.) SHELDUS uses a variety of
NOAA data sources. It covered severe weather events from 1960 through 2000 that caused more
than $50,000 in property and/or crop damage.
The results showed that Franklin County had 80 events that met the criteria. Of the 80 events
listed in SHELDUS, there were 39 high wind events, 11 thunderstorms, 8 floods, 17 winter
weather events, one tornado, one volcanic event, 1 hailstorm, and 1 fog event.
HAZARD IDENTIFICATION:
The effects upon Franklin County resulting from a severe storm such as a thunderstorm, tornado,
windstorm, ice storm, or snowstorm are likely to be similar in nature. Downed trees and power
lines, the interruption of transportation routes, and damage to homes, businesses, and
governmental buildings are all possible. Fatalities as a result of such events are uncommon in
Franklin County, but they can occur. Electrical power outages are common with almost all types
of severe storm events. Possible problems may be loss of heat, refrigeration, light, cooking,
computers, cash registers, gasoline pumps, restaurant cooking, milking machines, chicken
warmers, and green houses. In addition, persons could be electrocuted by coming in contact with
downed electrical lines.
High Wind: Possible hazards or problems may be loss of power and phone lines, danger of fire
and electrocution. Toppled trees, broken limbs, collapsed barns, damage to residential and
commercial structures as well as damage to cars, trucks and trailers. Multiple vehicle accidents
with injuries and deaths from blowing dust. Extremely violent wind storms could cause damage
to large areas of the agricultural lands resulting in economic losses.
Lightning: Hazard areas may be sports venues and complexes such as soccer fields, football
fields, baseball fields and golf courses that are without adequate shelter for participants and
spectators. Lighting may cause electrical transformers to short resulting in power outages and/or
fires in trees located near power lines. Boaters and those persons working outdoors are also
vulnerable to lightning strikes. Lightning can also start fires in grassland areas.
Snow and/or Ice: The majority of problems associated with heavy accumulations of snow
and/or ice will most likely be transportation related. Vehicle travel on roadways may be stopped
or severely limited; essential government services and businesses may be closed because
Franklin County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan Appendix 7: Hazard Vulnerability Analysis
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employees are unable to drive to work. Special transportation may need to be provided in order
to insure that hospital and emergency services personnel can report to work. There is a danger to
the traveling public who may become trapped in their vehicles for an extended period of time.
The weight of heavy accumulations of snow and/or ice may cause roofs to collapse and trees to
fall causing damage to power lines. A rapid warming trend following large accumulations of
snow and ice can lead to flooding.
Hail: The main hazard associated with hail is the damage that falling hail, particularly hail larger
than ¾ inch., can inflect upon physical structures (i.e. windows, gutters, metal roofs, vehicles),
farm products (livestock and crops), and people. Hail is closely associated with thunderstorms.
Hazard areas are any area that is out in the open such as outdoor sport facility, pastures, parking
lots, etc.
Tornado: The primary hazard associated with a tornado is the extreme wind velocities that they
produce. Wind speeds up to 300 mph are possible. The winds from a tornado are extremely
destructive. Not only do they tear apart buildings and uproot trees, but the debris causes
collateral damage due to the speed and which it moves. No above ground structure is immune
from the effects of a tornado.
Dust Storm: The primary hazard from a dust storm is the reduced visibility that it produces
especially on roads and flight paths. Other effects include respiratory distress to people and
livestock, damage to crops and removal of topsoil from farmland.
The following list is a compilation of comments and suggestions made by various
stakeholders and the public regarding possible problems that could result from a severe
storm. In addition to damaging homes, businesses, property, and the environment, a severe
storm event in Franklin County could potentially result in the following:
• Disrupted and/or damaged transportation routes and systems.
• Disruption of service and/or damage to above-ground utilities. Emergency response
agencies may be delayed in responding to emergency incidents due to downed trees and
utility power poles and lines or unusually heavy accumulations of storm water, snow, or
ice.
• Unusually heavy rainfall or rapid snowmelt may cause surface flooding in low lying
areas.
VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT:
Severe storms, especially severe wind storms are common in Franklin County during the
spring and fall months and all areas of Franklin County are vulnerable to the impacts of
severe storms.
Some storms are more severe and require assistance from a variety of governmental agencies or
emergency responders such as: public works, fire service, emergency medical services, search
and rescue, and law enforcement in addition to utility company personnel. While local electrical
power outages can occur during severe storm events, the loss of power is usually only an
inconvenience causing minor consequences unless the outage continues for an extended period
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of time or during a period of extremely cold temperature. Extended electrical power outages
occurring during winter months may require the opening of emergency shelters, particularly in
cold weather.
Livestock can be vulnerable to all types of winter storms although most large dairy herds have at
least limited shelter available. A severe snow event followed shortly thereafter by extremely cold
temperatures can have an adverse affect on wild animals and birds due to a lack of sufficient
food, water and shelter.
PROBABILITY and RISK:
Based on past events, there is a HIGH PROBABILITY of a severe storm event occurring in
Franklin County. While the probability of such an event is high, there is a MODERATE-HIGH
RISK associated with this hazard due to the relatively short duration, localized impacts but
severe impacts from such events. The Washington State Enhanced Hazard Mitigation Plan
(SEHMP pg. 54) lists Franklin County at HIGH Risk for Severe Weather.
CONCLUSION:
Of all natural hazards, severe local storms … especially severe wind storms are very likely
to affect Franklin County. These storms have the ability to cause considerable destruction
and can impact the lives of large numbers of people. Franklin County experiences nearly
every type of weather including wind, rain, snow, fog, extreme heat, extreme cold, hail and
thunderstorms. When severe weather events occur, they have the ability to significantly impact
Franklin County posing a danger to life and property as well as possible causing economic
losses.
Due to the frequency and possible destructive nature of severe storm events, individuals,
families, and businesses should be aware of the impacts of a severe local storm and take the
necessary actions to prepare themselves, their families, and their businesses before such events
occur – not after. Citizens and businesses can prepare for severe storm events just as they plan
for any emergency. To be better prepared for severe storm events, citizens should:
• Have a plan
• Prepare an Emergency Kit with a 3-day minimum of food and water supplies as a start
• Become 2 Weeks Ready as a family/home
• Take advantage of Community Emergency Response Team training
• Purchase and use a NOAA Tone-Alert Weather Radio or other Tone-Alert Radio
• Inquire about emergency plans at your work, schools and places that you frequent
• Practice your Plan with all of your family members
The SEHMP-10/2018 has Franklin County listed as a HIGH on the Severe Weather Risk Index.
Franklin County has seen the most damage from these types of storms. They tend to cause
massive damage to our crops, road and irrigation infrastructure.
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Image from Washington State Enhanced Hazard Mitigation Plan 10/2018– Severe Weather Risk Index (10/17/2018 pg. 101)
Below pictures are from the 02/2017 storms/flood
County Area Population Vulnerable
Population
Built
Environment
Critical
Infrastructure
State
Facilities
1st Responder
Facilities
Severe
Weather
Risk Index
Franklin MEDIUM
– HIGH
MEDIUM –
HIGH
HIGH MEDIUM –
HIGH
MEDIUM –
HIGH
MEDIUM –
HIGH
MEDIUM –
HIGH
HIGH
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G. VOLCANO
DEFINITIONS:
Debris Flow – fast-moving slurry of rock, mud, and water that looks and behaves like flowing
wet concrete; similar to but coarser and less cohesive than a mudflow.
Pyroclastic Flow – a hot, fast-moving avalanche of ash, rock fragments and gas that moves
down the sides of a volcano during explosive eruptions or when the steep edge of a dome breaks
apart and collapses.
Tephra – fragments of rock and natural glass that is blasted from a volcano during a violent
eruption and then falls to Earth.
USGS – United States Geological Survey
Volcanic Ash – small fragments of rock and natural glass that is blasted from a volcano during a
violent eruption and then falls to Earth. During large events, volcanic ash can travel hundreds of
miles.
Volcano – a vent in the earth’s crust through which magma (molten rock), rock fragments, gases,
and ashes are ejected from the earth’s interior. A volcanic mountain is created over time by the
accumulation of these erupted products on the earth’s surface.
BACKGROUND INFORMATION:
The Cascade Range extends more than 1,000 miles forming an arc-shaped band extending from
Southern British Columbia to Northern California lying roughly parallel to the Pacific coastline
and includes 16 major volcanic centers. In addition to the standard volcanoes in the Cascade
Range, a stretch of these volcanoes (from about Mount Rainier to Lassen Peak) is made up of a
band of thousands of very small, short-lived volcanoes that have built a platform of lava and
volcanic debris. Rising above this volcanic platform are a few strikingly large volcanoes that
dominate the landscape. The Cascades volcanoes define the Pacific Northwest section of the
"Ring of Fire", a fiery array of volcanoes that rim the Pacific Ocean. Many of these volcanoes
have erupted in the recent past and will most likely be active again in the future. Given an
average rate of two eruptions per century during the past 12,000 years, these disasters are not
part of our everyday experience.
While there are no volcanic peaks within Franklin County, we can be affected by tephra
associated with a volcanic eruption from the Cascade Range volcanoes. All of the other hazards
associated with volcanoes (pyroclastic flow, lahars, lateral blast, lava flow, etc.) are too remote
to be considered a serious threat to Franklin County. So, for the purposes of this Plan, we will
only focus on the volcanic hazards associated with tephra.
Geologic evidence indicates that most of the Cascade Range volcanoes have erupted in the past
4,000 years and will no doubt erupt again in the foreseeable future. Due to the topography of the
region and the prevailing weather patterns, eruption events on Mount St. Helens, Mount Rainier,
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Mount Hood, and Mount Adams are the volcanoes most likely to produce conditions that would
adversely impact portions of Franklin County.
HISTORY:
Eruptions in the Cascades have occurred at an average rate of 1-2 per century during the past
4,000 years, and future eruptions are certain. Seven volcanoes in the Cascades have erupted
within the past 225 years. Four of those eruptions would have caused considerable property
damage and loss of life if they had occurred today without warning – the next eruption in the
Cascades could affect hundreds of thousands of people. The most recent volcanic eruption
events within the Cascade Range occurred at Mount St. Helens in Washington (1980-1986) and
at Lassen Peak in California (1914-1917).
Mount St. Helens
With an elevation of 8,364 feet, Mount St.
Helens is small compared to the other
Cascade Range volcanoes. Her size
belies her robustness. She is the most
active of all of the Cascade Range
volcanoes. Mount St. Helens is the most
prolific producer of tephra in the Cascade
Range. As reported by the USGS,
volcanoes commonly repeat past
behavior.1 So, it is quite likely that the
conditions experienced during the May
1980 eruption are likely be somewhat
similar again the next time Mount St. Helens erupts.
Mount Adams
As one of the largest volcanoes in the Cascade Range,
Mount Adams soars 12,277 feet into the air. It
dominates the skyline of south central Washington.
As detailed in USGS research 2 , Mount Adams is of
primary concern to Yakima, Klickitat, and Skamania
counties due to the high potential of debris avalanches
and lahars. While not as large a tephra producer as
Mount St. Helens, Mount Adams is still a threat.
During much of its history, Mount Adams has
displayed a relatively limited range of eruptive styles.
Highly explosive eruptions have been rare.
Compared to the tens of large explosive eruptions at nearby Mount St. Helens during the past
20,000 years, eruptions of Mount Adams have been meek.3
Mount Hood
1 Wolfe, W.E. and Pierson T. C., 1995, USGS Open-File Report 95-497
2 Scott, et al., 1995, USGS Open-File Report 95-492
3 lbid
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With an elevation of 11,237 feet,
Mount Hood ranks as the fourth
highest and middle of the pack by
volume of the Cascade Range.
Mount Hood is located east of
Portland, Oregon and presents a
majestic picture on clear days.
While not the most active volcano
in the Cascade Range, Mount
Hood is still a hazard. The
primary threat to Franklin County
is from tephra. Mount Hood has
historically produced a relatively
modest amount of tephra during
past lava flow and lava-dome
eruptions. Most tephra fallout was caused by clouds of sand- and silt-size particles that rose
from moving pyroclastic flows produced by lava-dome collapse. Tephra was also generated by
explosions driven by volcanic gases. Both types of tephra clouds probably reached altitudes of
3,000 to 50,000 feet above the volcano and were then carried away by the prevailing wind,
which blows toward sectors northeast, east, or southeast of Mount Hood about 70 percent of the
time4.
Mount Rainier
At 14, 410 feet, Mount Rainier is the tallest peak in the Cascade Range. It towers over the
landscape of the southern Puget Sound area and is visible from Longview to Mount Vernon.
Mount Rainier is a dormant volcano whose load of glacial ice exceeds any other mountain in the
conterminous United States.5 A Mount Rainier eruption will probably produce lahars,
pyroclastic flows, lava flows, debris avalanches and flows, and ballistic blasts. In terms of their
potential effects, lahars from Mount Rainier constitute the greatest volcano hazard in the Cascade
Range.6 Fortunately, these volcanic hazards are not a concern to Franklin County. The only
hazard that Mount Rainier poses to Franklin County is tephra fall. Mount Rainier is a moderate
tephra producer relative to other Cascade volcanoes. Eleven eruptions have deposited layers of
4 Scott, et.al., 1997, USGS Open-File Report 97-89
5 Hoblitt, et al, 1998, USGS Open-File Report 98-428
6 Ibid.
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frothy tephra (pumice) near Mount Rainier in the past 10,000 years, most recently in the first half
of the nineteenth century. Given the evidence discovered through research, it is estimated that
Mount Rainier averages an eruption about once every 900 years.7
HAZARD IDENTIFICATION:
We know from geological evidence that Mount St. Helens, Mount Rainier, Mount Hood, and
Mount Adams have produced volcanic events in the past. Several of these events, if they took
place today, would place Franklin County communities at risk. Volcanic hazards to Franklin
County from Mount St. Helens, Mount Rainier, Mount Hood, and Mount Adams are limited to
tephra fall.
Tephra
Tephra consists of fragments of molten or solid rock which are ejected into the atmosphere and
then fall back to the earth’s surface. Tephra is further divided into three classes; block (>64 mm),
lapilli (2-64 mm) and ash (<2 mm.) The fragments are usually carried away from the volcano by
the wind. During magmatic eruptions, a volcano blasts the fragments into the atmosphere with
tremendous force, forming a vertical eruption column. Eruption columns can be enormous in
size and grow rapidly, reaching tens of kilometers (miles) in height and width in 30 minutes or
less. As particles in the eruption column are carried down-wind they form an eruption cloud or
tephra plume. Particles in the tephra plume begin to fall out of the plume almost immediately,
with the larger and heavier particles (block tephra) falling out close to the volcano and
progressively smaller and lighter particles falling out with increasing distance downwind. Thus,
the distribution of tephra is largely controlled by the strength and direction of the wind during an
eruption, whereas particle size and deposit thickness are largely controlled by how explosive the
eruption is and the volume of material ejected.
Tephra hazards vary from a nuisance to life-threatening. Tephra plumes pose a serious hazard to
aviation because particles in plumes can damage aircraft systems and jet engines, resulting in
loss of power and damage to equipment. In addition, particles in a plume can sandblast aircraft
windshields such that visibility is lost. On the ground, the hazards to life from tephra vary
depending upon the amount that falls and the health of individuals. In general tephra hazards
diminish downwind. High concentrations of tephra, such as ash, can make breathing difficult for
people and livestock. Burial by
tephra can collapse roofs of
buildings and other structures,
break power and telephone
lines, and damage or kill
vegetation. Wet tephra is 2 to 3
times heavier than dry
7 Hoblitt, et al, 1998, USGS Open-File Report 98-428
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uncompacted tephra and adheres better to sloping surfaces. Ten centimeters (4 inches) of wet
tephra impose a load in the
range of 20 to 25 lb/ft2 , this
equates to between 2,000
and 2,500 pounds for a 10’ x
10’ area; sufficient to cause
some roofs to collapse.
Minor amounts of tephra
pose little threat to healthy
individuals but may affect
people with respiratory
problems, the elderly,
infants, and the infirm. Even
minor tephra falls, however,
can be detrimental to
machinery (cars, lawn
mowers, computers, etc.),
can short out power
transformers and electric
lines, can be a nuisance to remove from roads and airports, can cause panic due to darkness
during daylight hours, can cause traffic accidents because of reduced visibility, clog waterways
such as municipal water system uptakes, wastewater treatment plants, irrigation ditches and
machinery, and can cause respiratory and eye problems for pets and livestock.
Ash can clog and/or restrict breathing passages and may cause death; however, a short period of
exposure has not been found to be harmful to persons in normal health. When an ash cloud
mixes with rain, sulfur dioxide combines with water to form diluted sulfuric acid that may cause
minor (but painful) burns to skin, eyes, nose, throat, and mucous membranes. In addition, acid
rains may also affect water supplies and agricultural products. Even fairly small concentrations
of ash fall can effectively wipe out all crops in a large area for at least one season, longer if the
concentrations are deep enough.
The following list is a compilation of comments and suggestions made by various
stakeholders and the public regarding possible problems that could result from a volcanic
event.
In addition to damaging homes, businesses, property, and the environment, a volcanic event in
Franklin County could potentially result in the following:
• An ash fall event could cause numerous transportation-related problems and delay first
response agencies in responding to emergency situations.
• Ash fall could cause electrical power failures to critical facilities.
• Drastically increased number of respiratory patients at hospitals and clinics.
VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT:
The degree of volcanic hazard from the volcanoes of the Cascade Range depends upon the type,
size, and origin of the eruption. While the possibility of a large volcanic eruption exists, these
types of events are typically separated by several hundred to a few thousand years and it is
unlikely that we will see such an event in our lifetimes. The effect to Franklin County from a
Figure 13: Samples of ash (left two piles) and lapilli (right two piles.)
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volcanic eruption in the Cascade Range is primarily limited to tephra fallout. There is also a
potential that watershed areas (Columbia River, Snake River, Esquatzel Coulee) could
experience increased sediment loads. This is likely to affect fish spawning grounds and possibly
municipal water and wastewater systems as well as irrigation systems on the Columbia River.
Because of the flow direction of prevailing winds, the majority of airborne ash would most likely
be carried toward the population of Franklin County should an eruption occur. Franklin County
could receive tephra and ash from any number of Cascadian volcanoes however; Mount Adams,
Mount St. Helens, Mount Rainier, and Mount Hood are the primary volcanoes of concern. The
1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens produced enough ash fall to cover the northern portion of
Franklin County about ¼-inch. The figures that follow detail the probability of ash accumulation
(1 cm and 10 cm) from the combined hazard of all Cascade Range volcanoes.
Figure 14: Annual probability of 1 cm or more of tephra accumulation in Washington and Oregon from major
Cascade volcanoes.
Source: Scott, W. E., Iverson, R. M., Vallance, J. W., and Hildreth, W., 1995, Volcano Hazards
in the Mount Adams Region, Washington: USGS Open-File Report 95-492, p. 9. Online:
http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Volcanoes/Adams/Hazards/OFR95-492/framework.html
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Figure 15: Annual probability of 10 cm or more of tephra accumulation in Washington and Oregon from major
Cascade volcanoes.
Source: Scott, W. E., Iverson, R. M., Vallance, J. W., and Hildreth, W., 1995, Volcano Hazards
in the Mount Adams Region, Washington: USGS Open-File Report 95-492, p. 9. Online:
http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Volcanoes/Adams/Hazards/OFR95-492/framework.html
PROBABLIITY AND RISK:
Because of the historical infrequency of such events, it is unlikely that we will see a volcanic
eruption in our lifetimes. However, due to the prevailing winds within Franklin County, the
impacts of a major eruption from Mount Adams, Mount Hood or Mount Saint Helens to persons,
property, infrastructure, and the environment in Franklin County would be serious though not
necessarily catastrophic. Therefore, there is a LOW PROBABILITY of such an event
occurring but a MODERATE RISK to persons, property, and the environment in Franklin
County should an eruption occur.
CONCLUSION:
Although the probability of a volcanic eruption is low, if an eruption were to occur, the greatest
threat to life, property, infrastructure, and the environment in Franklin County would most likely
be from tephra originating from Mount Adams, Mount Hood, Mount Rainier, or Mount St.
Helens. Based on past events and especially the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens, future
eruptions from any of these volcanoes will almost certainly be preceded by an increase in
seismic (earthquake) activity, and possibly by measured swelling of the volcano and emission of
volcanic gases. The University of Washington - Pacific Northwest Seismograph Network, in
cooperation with the USGS, monitors seismic activity of the Cascade Range volcanoes that could
signal a possible future eruption. In addition, the USGS monitors gas emissions from several
volcanoes to detect possible changes in the volcano’s interior “plumbing system” that may be a
warning of impending magma activity or an increase in hydro-volcanic activity in an effort to
predict the likelihood of an eruption event. This ability to monitor seismic and other types of
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activity at the Cascade Range volcanoes provides a warning system of sorts for volcanic
eruptions that could impact Franklin County.
The 1980 Mount St. Helens eruption made it clear that preparing for and responding to a
volcanic event must involve a wide variety of agencies and jurisdictions. Interviews were
conducted with city and county officials present during the eruption. Most have stated that there
were a variety of effects to city and county governments. For example, most jurisdictions took
the simple precaution of checking roof loads and gutter systems, changing the air filters in
city/county vehicles every few days, and minimizing the amount of driving done in city/county
vehicles. Other precautions included monitoring ventilation filters, water and wastewater system
quality, and air quality. Franklin County Public Works provided heavy equipment and crews to
Adams County to assist with the ash clean-up. Most interviewees stated that we were lucky in
comparison to similar communities just north of us such as Ritzville which received over a foot
of ash.
REFERENCES:
Scott, W.E., Iverson, R. M., Vallance, J. W., Hildreth, W., 1995, Volcano Hazards in the Mount
Adams Region, Washington: USGS Open-File Report 95-942. Online:
http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Volcanoes/Adams/Hazards/OFR95-492/framework.html
Hoblitt, R.P., Walder, J.S., Driedger, C.L., Scott, K.M., Pringle, P.T., and Vallance, J.W., 1998,
Volcano Hazards from Mount Rainier, Washington, Revised 1998: USGS Open-File Report 98-
428. Online: http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Volcanoes/Rainier/Hazards/OFR98-428/framework.html
Wolfe, E.W. and Pierson, T.C., 1995, Volcanic-Hazard Zonation for Mount St. Helens,
Washington, 1995: USGS Open-File Report 95-497. Online:
http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Volcanoes/MSH/Hazards/OFR95-497/framework.html
Scott, W.E., Pierson, T.C., Schilling, S.P., Costa, J.E., Gardner, C.A., Vallance, J.W. and Major,
J.J., 1997, Volcano Hazards in the Mount Hood Region, Oregon: USGS Open-File Report 97-89.
Online: http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Volcanoes/Hood/Hazards/OFR97-89/framework.html
Hoblitt, R.P., Miller, C.D., and Scott, W.E., 1987, Volcanic Hazards with Regard to Sitting
Nuclear-Power Plants in the Pacific Northwest: USGS Open-File Report 87-297. Online:
http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Hazards/NRC_Definitions/tephra.html
Further information regarding the volcanoes of the Cascade Range and the hazards associated
with volcanic events can be obtained via the Internet from:
USGS Cascades Volcano Observatory
http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/
USGS Volcano Hazards Program
http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/
USGS Fact Sheet on Volcanic Ash Hazards
http://geopubs.wr.usgs.gov/fact-sheet/fs027-00/fs027-00.pdf
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Pamphlet on Ash Hazards
Volcanic Ash pamphlet -english.pdf (English version)
Volcanic Ash pamphlet -spanish.pdf (Spanish version)
The SEHMP-10/2018 has Franklin County listed as not impacted/minimally impacted by a
volcano. Franklin County is annotated as below LOW in all categories.
Image and table from Washington State Enhanced Hazard Mitigation Plan 10/2018– Volcano Risk Index (10/17/2018 pg. 114)
County Area Population Vulnerable
Population
Built
Environment
Critical
Infrastructure
State
Facilities
1st Responder
Facilities
Volcano
Risk Index
Franklin
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V. TECHNOLOGICAL HAZARDS
A. DAM FAILURE
DEFINITION:
A dam failure is the spontaneous release of water from a barrier built to hold back the flow of
water. The loss of structural integrity causes rapid flooding, loss of life, damage or destruction of
property and forcing evacuation of people and vital resources. Dam failure can be caused by
many different circumstances. These include flooding, poor construction, lack of maintenance
and repair, vandalism, terrorism, or earthquakes.
HISTORY:
Franklin County has never experienced a dam failure, however, other areas in Washington State
have been affected by dam failure.
VULNERABILITY:
MEDIUM. Many of the dams in Washington State are more than 50 years old. The dams that
would affect Franklin County have been inspected under a U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
inspection program. Those inspected dams with notable problems have been turned over to the
Washington State Department of Ecology, Dam Safety Office for resolution of the noted
problems. Expected loss of life and property damage from a dam with a higher probability of
failure is low. Expected loss of life and property damage from a dam with a lower probability of
failure (Grand Coulee) is high.
EFFECTS:
The arrival time of flood waters from a major dam failure on the Columbia or Snake Rivers
could be as little as two hours or as much as forty-eight hours. The necessary evacuation along
with the suspected widespread damage would be extensive in most scenarios and the resulting
overall effect would be catastrophic. Damage to structures, roads, utilities, and crops would be
extensive. Contamination of sanitary water supplies, damage to public buildings such as schools
and city government buildings can be expected. The pumping stations that furnish water for
firefighting would be lost.
CONCLUSION:
A dam breach event could occur at any time. A higher probability exists during periods of high
flood potential, especially during the spring.
There are three state statutes that deal with safety of dams and other hydraulic structures: The
Revised Code of Washington (RCW) 43.21A, RCW 86.16, and RCW 90.03. These laws provide
authority to approve plans for dams, control construction of dams and inspect hydraulic works.
Evacuation planning should consider the effects of a large-scale evacuation which could result
from a dam failure. Franklin County emergency response resources participate in emergency
planning and exercises based on dam failure conducted by the dam operators.
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B. POWER FAILURE AND ENERGY EMERGENCIES
DEFINITION:
A power failure emergency is the interruption of electrical service for twenty-four (24) hours or
more causing forced shutdown of businesses and industries without emergency power capability
and forcing evacuation of people, who depend on electricity for heating purposes, into
congregate care facilities for the duration of the outage.
Energy emergencies can include fast-developing petroleum shortages caused by embargoes,
creeping shortages caused by rising costs and imbalances of supply or hydro electrical shortages
caused by inadequate water levels caused by drought conditions. In addition, a shortage of one
form of energy can impact and cause shortages of other forms. For example, a petroleum
shortage could reduce the ability to produce electricity, which could result in interruptions to
major electrical users and cause them to revert to alternate energy, such as natural gas.
HISTORY:
Power outages may occur due to natural or technological circumstances. Long-term power
outages have followed severe local storms in Franklin County and in the surrounding region,
some in the Spokane area up to two weeks in duration. However, most occurrences are less than
24 hours.
Petroleum shortages were demonstrated during the 1973-74 Arab Oil Embargo and the Iran
cutoff of 1979. During those periods, “state set-aside” program allowed state governments to
allocate portions of the fuel in the state to areas of greatest need. This program was abolished
under deregulation rules early in 1981.
Electrical shortages occurred in 1973-74 and 1977-78, from drought conditions and resulted in
insufficient amounts of water to operate the hydroelectric plants.
Again in 2021, drought and prolonged very high temperature conditions caused issues for the
power grid. There was a very high potential for “brown outs”, but the weather broke and power
consumption dropped to manageable levels.
A heating fuel shortage occurred in 1996 when the lower Columbia River dams were closed and
barge traffic could not reach Franklin County.
Solar and wind projects continue to be developed but only provide small percentages of the
electrical grids power consumption. Currently this is mainly due to the inability of those systems
to provide continual and efficient power.
VULNERABILITY:
LOW. Both power outages and energy shortages can be the result from numerous different
circumstances, but are not expected to cause significant harm to people or property. Economic
impacts could be great, however, depending on the severity and duration of the emergency.
Petroleum shortages can occur depending on the political climate of an unstable Middle East
Region. Although imports have decreased substantially due in part to greater conservation
measures and increased domestic production and awareness, the United States remains
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dependent upon imports for a majority of its petroleum needs. The National Strategic Petroleum
Reserve has gradually increased since 1973, providing a limited protection against the impact of
petroleum shortages.
Hydroelectric dams produce the majority of the electricity in the State of Washington. Low
precipitation years may result in insufficient energy production. Lately, there has been
attempts/movements to start removing these large dams that have been in service for more than
60 years. If this occurs, then our complete profile for this section will change dramatically.
EFFECTS:
The major effects of energy emergencies would include economic loss for businesses and
agricultural industries.
CONCLUSION:
Power outages can/will occur. Public education and preparedness should lessen the impact of
short-term power outages on people, but long-term outages will require additional support
including congregate care facilities.
Future energy shortages are likely to occur due to numerous uncontrollable factors. The
Washington State Energy Office has developed a Petroleum Products Contingency Plan and
Electrical Contingency Plan for dealing with various energy shortage scenarios. If Columbia
and/or Snake River dams begin to be removed, the entire power supply for the western united
states will be dramatically diminished.
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C. RADIOLOGICAL EMERGENCIES
DEFINITION:
The spontaneous release of radioactive material from a fixed facility or transport medium due to
a failure of existing safety systems. A radiological emergency can be generated from a number of
facilities in close proximity to Franklin County, including research laboratories, waste storage,
and decommissioned nuclear reactors at the U. S. Department of Energy’s Hanford Site; the
nuclear power plant Columbia Generating Station; Areva nuclear fuel fabrication facility; private
research and development laboratories near the Hanford Site; and hospitals which may have
radioactive materials for diagnostic tools or treatment. In addition, radiological materials are
transported by rail, air, road and barge in and around Franklin County.
HISTORY:
No emergencies involving the release of radiation have occurred in Franklin County.
Emergencies have occurred at facilities that have radioactive materials in Benton County, but
none have resulted in significant radiation releases, but have been tracked into Franklin County.
VULNERABILITY:
MEDIUM. The Tri-Cities has a much greater likelihood of experiencing a radiological
emergency than most parts of the country, due to the combined potential from a nuclear reactor,
a federal nuclear waste site, and various industries supporting both of those facilities and an
increased usage of radiological isotopes in the medical field. However, the probability compared
to other types of emergencies remains low. Expected property damage from a major release
would be high, both in actual damage to industry and from the economic impact of the suspicion
of contamination. Impacts to life and health are also likely from a major release.
EFFECTS:
The effects from a radiological emergency could range from no impact to the public to
widespread contamination, evacuation, and/or permanent relocation. Radioactivity from a
release may enter the human food chain via crops or dairy products, causing further
contamination and severe economic impacts. The effects of a release are determined by the type
of radioactive material involved, the quantity released, and the meteorological conditions.
Utilities, roads and structures would be largely unaffected, except in the case of severe gross
contamination which may be unable to be remediated.
CONCLUSION:
A radiological emergency could occur at any time. The emergency will be a sudden onset, and
could last hours, days or even weeks. Franklin County Emergency Management and other
agencies in Franklin County spend a significant amount of time planning and preparing for such
an emergency, including training emergency workers and participating in emergency exercises.
Industries which use or transport radiological materials are governed by various state and federal
agencies and regulations mandating their safe use and transportation.
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D. HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
DEFINITION:
Loss of containment of a material in a quantity or form that will cause severe injury and/or loss
of life, significant property damage or forcing the evacuation of people from the impact area. A
hazardous materials incident can originate from a fixed facility or from any transportation
medium. The manufacture, use, transportation, storage and disposal of hazardous material
products and dangerous wastes poses a potential risk to the public health, safety and welfare,
private and governmental properties, and the environment.
The U.S. Department of Transportation classifies a material as hazardous if it is corrosive,
explosive, toxic, flammable, biologically irritating, radioactive, or packaged in a dangerous
container.
These materials are regulated while in transit, and when stored on site by a variety of local, state,
and federal guidelines. Federal regulations, such as Title III of the Superfund Amendments and
Reauthorization Act, have made it easier for local governmental agencies to track the presence of
hazardous materials in their jurisdictions.
HISTORY:
Franklin County has suffered both transportation and fixed facility hazardous materials
accidents. Most incidents involve petroleum products, or agricultural products such as anhydrous
ammonia. There has been a massive increase of the transportation of Bakken Crude Oil and Coal
through Franklin County and the cities of Connell, Mesa and Pasco.
Major incidents include a 1996 release of 2000 gallons of anhydrous ammonia in downtown
Pasco, forcing residential evacuation and sending over 100 people to be evaluated at the hospital,
and a 1993 leak of chlorine at the Kahlotus Swimming Pool which forced the evacuation of the
pool and several blocks around the pool.
VULNERABILITY:
HIGH. Incidents involving hazardous materials may occur at any time and at any location within
the county. Any uncontrolled release of a hazardous material may involve ground, water, air, or
any combination thereof. HAZMAT incidents are not limited to industrial areas, they can occur
on rural transportation routes, major highways, residential yards, public buildings, railroads,
waterways, busy metropolitan areas, or remote fields. The vulnerability factor has increased
dramatically with the increased transportation of the Bakken Crude Oil and Coal shipments.
Statistically, the majority of hazardous materials incidents are transportation related. The
majority of these incidents involve petroleum products such as motor oil and fuels. Ground
water supplies are particularly vulnerable in areas of shallow aquifers and, once contaminated,
can be difficult and expensive to clean up.
Cumulative property and environmental damage from hazardous materials incidents in Franklin
County can be high over time. Hazardous materials incidents also may cause injury or loss of
life, although these effects will likely be more localized than property damage.
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Potential devastating fires and explosions risks have increased through the rail system because of
the enormous increase in transportation of oil and coal product directly through the populated
areas within Franklin County, mainly the cities of Connell, Mesa and Pasco. Normal firefighting
tactics won’t suffice for these types of incidents, and fires potentially could be left to burn
themselves out over a long period of time.
EFFECTS:
Hazardous materials incidents occur suddenly and can cause damage to people and property
without any warning. The impact of this type of emergency can last from a few minutes to
weeks, months and even years before damage to the environment could be repaired.
Any incident in which hazardous materials are involved has the potential for escalation from a
relatively minor incident into a full scale disaster. The hazardous properties of chemicals, motor
fuels, radioactive substances and other potentially dangerous materials range from highly
flammable to explosive to poisonous. These chemicals have the ability to contaminate the
environment with quantities harmful to human, animal and plant life. The potential for loss of
life, extensive property damage, environmental contamination, and economic loss always
remains high when hazardous materials are involved.
The effects of a hazardous materials incident vary depending on such factors as the type and
quantity of material(s) involved, the location, time of day, and weather conditions. In the case of
airborne contaminants, wind speed and direction are extremely important for response
procedures and capabilities. Mass evacuation or widespread shelter-in-place should be
considered a high priority when dealing with airborne or potential airborne contamination.
CONCLUSION:
Hazardous Materials pose one of the greatest threats to Franklin County due to the quantity of
materials stored and transported through the county. The paramount requirement is to continue
to improve and maintain a hazardous materials management system.
This management system should emphasize to the public and industrial sectors the need to
correctly report hazardous materials as outlined by Title III of the Superfund Amendments and
Reauthorization Act.
Hazardous materials education is also necessary. Federal regulations outline minimum
acceptable standards for response personnel. It is the ultimate responsibility of local government
to ensure that its emergency response personnel are adequately trained and prepared for
hazardous materials situations.
Responding to hazardous materials emergencies requires special training beyond that required of
fire departments. A cooperative Hazardous Materials response team made up of representatives
from fire departments in three counties responds to emergencies within the city of Pasco and
Franklin County Fire District #3. Hazardous materials emergencies that occur in other parts of
Franklin County are the responsibility of the Washington State Patrol per RCW 70.136.030.
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E. AVIATION ACCIDENT
DEFINITION:
An accident involving a multi-passenger or cargo aircraft resulting in injuries, loss of life and
destruction of private, business and industrial property when it impacts.
The Tri-Cities Airport, located in Pasco, is the largest airport in the Columbia Basin. Four
commercial passenger airlines service the airport, as well as commercial cargo service, charters
and private airplanes. Throughout the county, the vast agriculture acreage requires the use of
many small airplanes. The Tri-Cities Airport is regularly used by military aircraft and large
commercial airlines to conduct training.
HISTORY:
The Tri-Cities Airport has experienced one severe aviation accident. On December 26, 1989, a
commercial United Express flight crashed at the airport, killing all six people on board. In the
last five years, the Airport has averaged approximately eight reportable incidents each year. Of
these, only two have required transportation to the hospital and none have resulted in a fatality.
VULNERABILITY:
LOW. With a commercial airport in operation in Pasco, air traffic is fairly constant throughout
Franklin County. In addition, many aircraft are used to support agriculture and related
industries. However, the number of incidents resulting in injury or loss of life is very low. The
expected loss of life and property damage to the county population is also low.
EFFECTS:
The major effects of aircraft crashes could be mass casualties, medical emergencies, fires,
explosions, hazardous materials release, and property damage. Impact is limited to the crash
path of the aircraft. The larger the aircraft and the faster its speed, the greater the area impacted.
CONCLUSION:
An aviation accident could occur at any time and without warning. A higher probability for an
incident occurs during severe weather and during times of high agricultural usage. The Tri-
Cities Airport Emergency Plan (AEP) was developed by the airport and emergency response
personnel to ensure a timely response to aviation incidents. Effects from a major aircraft crash
could take days or weeks to clean up, while an investigation could go on for months.
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F. MASS CASUALTY
DEFINITION:
A medical incident that overwhelms the ability of the emergency responders and/or medical care
facilities to provide normal levels of care to injured victims. A Mass Casualty Incident (MCI)
cannot be defined as a certain number of victims, because the ability to care for injured people
varies depending on the types of injuries and the number of emergency response personnel
immediately available.
HISTORY:
Mass casualty incidents have occurred in and around Franklin County. Franklin County
responders have dealt with an average of one mass casualty incident per year. Mass casualty
incidents may occur from transportation accidents (air, rail, or highway), major fires, natural
disasters, terrorism, etc.
VULNERABILITY:
MEDIUM. The susceptibility to a mass casualty incident increases with the likelihood of all
types of natural and technological disasters, including the growing threat of domestic terrorism.
An MCI can occur at any time in any place. Expected property damage from an MCI is low, but
injury and loss of life could be potentially very high.
EFFECTS:
A mass casualty incident generally occurs without warning. Secondary effects from having
emergency response personnel involved in a mass casualty incident could include decreased
safety in other areas of fire and law enforcement. Public chaos is a likely possibility, especially
before the victims have been identified and family notifications made.
CONCLUSION:
The potential for an MCI is not restricted to any one season or set of circumstances. Planning
and preparation are the key elements to coping with an MCI. Franklin County emergency
response agencies are participants in the Tri-County Mass Casualty Incident Plan (Pre-Hospital).
This plan is exercised each year on a rotating basis through the cities of Pasco, Kennewick and
Richland. In addition, Franklin County conducts exercises for airport emergencies which include
a mass casualty component.
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G. RAILROAD ACCIDENT
DEFINITION:
An accident or derailment involving multiple railroad cars that causes abnormal interaction with
the general public by blocking roads and/or causing property damage. A derailment can be
caused by either natural or technological occurrences. These include flooding, poor rail
maintenance, collisions at road crossings, vandalism, etc.
The Burlington Northern-Santa Fe Railroad operates in Franklin County. The switching yard in
Pasco is a central hub of rail transportation for eastern Washington, eastern Oregon and Idaho.
Rail cars in Franklin County could be carrying anything from livestock to automobiles. Nearly
20,000 rail cars of hazardous materials come through Pasco each year. In addition, Amtrak
passenger service comes through twice a day, one northbound to Spokane and one westbound to
Portland.
HISTORY:
The railroad experiences a number of incidents each year, averaging 13 reportable incidents over
the previous five years in Franklin County. Of these, only one injury has been reported. A total
of ten rail cars containing hazardous materials have derailed, but none have resulted in a release.
VULNERABILITY:
HIGH. Accidents and derailments in Franklin County do not occur very often, although the
potential has been rising in recent years with increased rail traffic. The railroad in Franklin
County has not been identified as having chronic maintenance problems which would increase
the likelihood of an incident. Expected loss of life from a rail accident is low, with the exception
of the Amtrak passenger train. Expected property damage is also low. However, an accident
involving rail cars transporting hazardous materials could cause extensive injury, property
damage and death, if it were to occur in a populated area. This point is even more critical when
involving crude oil shipments. These shipments contain such large volumes of crude oil, that
local resources are incapable of effectively fighting that type of fire with current resources.
EFFECTS:
Accident occurrence is spontaneous. Adequate warning time for any protective measure to be
instituted does not exist. The economic impact of a derailment could be very high, depending on
the duration of rail line shutdown and the extent of damage to the structure of the railroad. In
addition to lost revenue for the rail company, businesses expecting deliveries or relying on
revenue from outgoing shipments would also be impacted. The accident or derailment occurs in
seconds. The post-derailment recovery work may last from several hours to several days
depending on number of cars involved and materials being carried. Impact could even be more
severe when involving a shipment of crude oil in a highly populated area.
CONCLUSION:
A railroad accident could occur at any time. A higher probability exists during periods of severe
weather, especially low visibility. Impact is limited to area of derailment or accident unless
hazardous materials container failure exists; in which case the area affected will depend on type
and amount of material(s) involved. Any area along the rails is a potential incident site. The
railroad has developed an emergency action plan for responding to emergencies. Franklin
County emergency responders train to react to the potential effects of a railroad accident,
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including mass casualty incidents and hazardous materials releases. Fire resources in Franklin
County are not adequately trained and equipped to effectively respond to a large event involving
crude oil.
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H. TERRORISM
DEFINITION:
The FBI defines terrorism as, "the unlawful use of force against persons or property to intimidate
or coerce a government, the civilian population or any segment thereof, in the furtherance of
political or social objectives". This definition includes three elements: (1) Terrorist activities are
illegal and involve the use of force. (2) The actions are intended to intimidate or coerce. (3) The
actions are committed in support of political or social objectives.
HISTORY:
Over the past few year’s events have occurred that pointed out our country’s vulnerability to
terrorist acts from domestic and foreign sources. Most terrorist acts committed in the United
States have been from domestic groups with the weapon of choice being an explosive device.
The CIA reports that several foreign terrorist groups are actively seeking ways to utilize weapons
of mass destruction against American targets. Subsequently, more attention has been focused on
each community’s vulnerability to terrorism.
VULNERABILITY:
MEDIUM.
Vulnerability is part of the Risk Equation which is based on the Department of Homeland
Security’s Target Capability List and is Threat x Consequence x Probability x Vulnerability.
Threat: Derived from Intelligence Centers like the JTTF/WAJAC in values of 1 to 5 with one
being unlikely and 5 being an imminent threat.
Consequence: Is determined by adding the values of economic and environmental impact,
casualties and social impact.
Probability: Values 1 to 5 for each hazard with 1 being very low (100+ year occurrence) to 5
being high (1-3 year occurrence).
Vulnerability: Determined in site assessment with values 1 – 5; 1 being very low (site well
protected) and 5 being very high (minimal site protection).
Franklin County has several potential targets of interest to terrorist groups. There are several
large facilities that not only have extremely hazardous chemicals present, but they are also
critical facilities to the population and economy of the area. Additionally, a major railroad and
highway run through the middle of the county. There are two dams located on the Snake River
and a nuclear power plant and nuclear waste site on the Columbia River. There is a very large
agricultural industry in the county and it is highly susceptible to biological terrorism.
EFFECTS:
The overall effect of a terrorist attack depends largely on the location and method of attack. A
biological attack against the agriculture industry would have far reaching economic
consequences to the entire state. Also, an attack on one of the dams on the Snake or Columbia
Rivers would also have far reaching consequences. An attack on one of the facilities that stores
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extremely hazardous substances would have a short-term environmental impact but could have
an immediate health impact on between 2,000-10,000 people surrounding the affected facility.
An event of this magnitude would completely overwhelm all response resources in Franklin
County and the adjacent counties.
CONCLUSION:
While there have been no direct terrorist attacks in Franklin County it is clear that the community
is vulnerable. While no community can be 100 percent prepared for a terrorist attack, much of
the attention that has been focused on terrorism following the attacks on 9/11 has had a positive
effect on the emergency response community within Franklin County. Increased coordination
between public agencies has resulted in a better prepared response organization. However, there
is still more work to be done. Public and private entities are focusing more attention on their
vulnerabilities and how they would respond following an attack. Continued coordination and
commitment by all involved entities will improve upon the ability of the community to recovery
from a terrorist attack.
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Franklin County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan Appendix 8: Hazardous Weather
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APPENDIX 8
HAZARDOUS WEATHER
I. PURPOSE
The purpose of this Hazardous Weather specific annex is to guide and coordinate
agencies and organizations during threats and incidents related to hazardous weather
within Franklin County. Hazardous weather events can pose a serious threat to the
population and the public can often be warned in advance.
II. SITUATION
Franklin County is vulnerable to many types of hazardous weather, including but not
limited to: high winds, severe thunderstorms, flooding/flash flooding, winter storms,
fog/freezing fog, heat and drought. Often a combination of extreme weather
phenomena leads to particularly hazardous conditions.
III. PLANNING ASSUMPTIONS
a. Hazardous weather conditions may occur with little or no warning
b. The geographic extent of hazardous weather conditions may range from localized
at a single site to region-wide (including Franklin County and neighboring
jurisdictions)
c. Area Schools/Districts, city halls and the county courthouse have been provided
NOAA weather radios through an initiative and funding from the Department of
Homeland Security. This will provide the opportunity for advance warning
directly from the National Weather Service of any impending weather that could
affect their population.
IV. CONCEPT OF OPERATIONS
Hazardous weather forecasts, advisories, watches and warnings are provided by the
National Oceanic and Atmospheric (NOAA), National Weather Service (NWS)
through the local National Weather Service office in Pendleton OR via NAWAS and
other means. Hazardous weather conditions may or may not be preceded by some
type of warning or statement.
Table 1 lists the various hazardous weather events that may be issued in the Franklin
County area.
Table 1 NOAA/NWS Hazardous Weather Products
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Type Level Criteria/Definition
SEVERE THUNDERSTORM
Severe
Thunderstorm
Watch Conditions for severe thunderstorms appear favorable over the
next several hours. Watches are typically in effect for 4-6 hours
Severe
Thunderstorm
Warning Thunderstorms with wind gusts of 58 MPH or greater and or hail
1 inch or larger in diameter are occurring, imminent, or has a
high probability of occurring.
Tornado Watch This is issued by the National Weather Service when conditions
are favorable for the development of tornadoes in and close to
the watch area. Their size can vary depending on the weather
situation. They are usually issued for a duration of 4 to 8 hours.
Tornado Warning This is issued when a tornado is indicated by radar or sighted by
spotters; therefore, people in the affected area should seek safe
shelter immediately. They can be issued without a Tornado
Watch being already in effect. They are usually issued for
duration of around 30 minutes.
HIGH WINDS
High Wind Watch Potential exists for high wind speeds developing that may pose a
hazard or is life threatening. Winds of 40 MPH or greater for at
least 2 hours or gusts of 58 MPH or greater in the next 12-48
hours.
High Wind Warning Sustained winds of 40MPH or greater for at least 2 hours or
gusts of 58 MPH or greater are occurring, imminent or have a
high probability of occurring within 36 hours.
FOG
Dense Fog Advisory Issued when fog reduces visibility to 1/4 mile or less over a
widespread area.
WINTER WEATHER
Winter Storm Watch Issued when there is a potential for heavy snow or significant ice
accumulations, usually at least 24 to 36 hours in advance
Winter Storm Warning Issued when a winter storm is producing or is forecast to
produce 4 inches of snow in any 24 hour period ( 3 inches before
Nov1 or after march 31)
Blizzard Watch/war
ning
Sustained winds or frequent gusts at least 35MPH, combined
with considerable falling or blowing snow with visibilities
reduced to ¼ mile or less, lasting for at least 2 hours.
Wind Chill Warning Wind Speed of 10 Mph or greater and wind chill -20 F or lower
in populated areas.
Ice Storm Expected Ice accumulation of ¼” or more
FLOOD
Flash Flood Rapid rise of water within a few hours inundating normally dry
ground and causing impacts
Flood Water within a stream or river rising well above bank-full to
inundate normally dry ground causing impacts.
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V. ORGANIZATIONS and ASSIGNMENT OF RESPONSIBILITIES
a. Southeast Communications (SECOMM)
i. As primary warning point, receive the weather related information via the
NAWAS and forward this information the other counties in their
designated area.
b. Franklin County Emergency Management
i. Receive information from SECOMM, determine if FC-ECC activation
will be necessary. Most weather related events will not require activation.
If the incident will require a significant dedication of resources and
or/extraordinary interagency coordination the FC-ECC will likely be
activated. The Emergency Manager will make the decision regarding ECC
activation in consultation with emergency responders and National
Weather Service (NWS) Pendleton Weather.
ii. If additional information should be provided to the public, a new release
may by drafted and sent to the media regarding the weather related
emergency. FCEM could activate EAS, CodeRED or IPAWS if requested
by NWS-Pendleton or local Incident Commanders and/or cities/county
requests.
VI. DAMAGE REPORTING PROCEDURES
In an effort to enhance the ability of the National Weather Service to understand the
characteristics of severe weather activity as it happens it is important to provide basic
storm damage reports from observers on the ground in “real-time”.
In an effort to provide this information to the NWS – Pendleton any available
information from SkyWarn spotters as well as emergency responders (relaying
information back to FC Dispatch) will be passed to the National Weather Service
office in Pendleton OR, via email or phone at 1-800-240-4527.
VII. LOCAL WARNING SYSTEMS
a. Door to door and drive by notification – In certain circumstances emergency
management personnel or emergency responders may go door to door and or
drive thru neighborhoods utilizing public address systems and sirens to warn of
eminent danger.
b. IPAWS/WEA (Wireless Emergency Alerts) Wireless Emergency Alerts (WEA)
are emergency messages sent by authorized government alerting authorities
through your mobile carrier. These include weather emergencies that pose
imminent danger such as tornadoes, flash floods etc.
c. CodeRED mass notification system can send text, email or phone messages to
residents that have opted-in in to using the free system for Franklin County
residents.
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APPENDIX 9
LIMITED ENGLISH PROFICIENCY RESPONSE
I. PURPOSE
The purpose of the Limited English Proficiency (LEP) Response Appendix is to outline
the responsibilities of Franklin County in regards to LEP persons and establish a process
for providing emergency information to them during an emergency or disaster pursuant to
Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, Executive Order 13166, and Title 38.52 RCW.
II. SITUATIONAL OVERVIEW
Franklin County is a medium sized county with a population of just below 75,000
residents in 2015. Of this population, roughly 18,778 (26%) are LEP - Spanish. In
Franklin County, Spanish has been identified as meeting the requirements of RCW
38.52.070.
Jurisdiction 2019 Total
Population Language Group 2019 Language Group
Pop. % of Jurisdiction Pop.
Franklin
County 94,680* Spanish or Spanish Creole 41,051** 44%
*WA OFM 2019 April Population. Data Source ** Limited English Proficiency Application
Franklin County employs many itinerant workers and is home to a significant number of
permanent residents. The high number of temporary workers makes it necessary to
frequently distribute information regarding the language resources available to LEP
populations.
Many emergency response organizations, including 9-1-1 dispatch, hospitals, schools, 2-
1-1 and government offices staff bilingual employees or employ on-call translators.
Emergency notifications and life-safety information are broadcast in both English and
Spanish, allowing LEP individuals to receive contact from Franklin County Emergency
Management or other emergency response organizations.
III. CONCEPT OF OPERATIONS
A. Franklin County will utilize a number of communication resources to inform
residents/people within Franklin County during an emergency or disaster, to include
LEP populations. Franklin County will utilize their mass notification system,
CodeRED, which has a translation feature within the system for notification of the
public (English and LEP). This system can also utilize IPAWS/WEA for
targeted/smaller specific areas for more localized emergencies. The Emergency Alert
System can be utilized for the entire county and will be activated in parallel with the
CodeRED system to notify the entire county. Additionally, Franklin County has a
number of public address sirens located along the Columbia River and into a portion
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of the county within the 10-mile emergency planning zone for the nuclear power
plant. All messages that will be transmitted on the siren system will be in English and
Spanish. The functions of public information include the dissemination of timely and
accurate information that promotes personal safety and survival, offers advice on
protection of property, gives accurate information on the actions of government and
the expected role of citizens, neutralizes rumors, and outlines assistance available
from local, State, Federal and volunteer agencies.
B. Upon request from an Incident Commander, elected official or administrator of a
jurisdiction, FCEM staff will coordinate with that person/agency in creating an
Emergency Message and ensure the message is conveyed in both English and Spanish
utilizing whatever means are available - our notification systems, google translate
and/or volunteer translators as available.
IV. AUTHORITIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES
Franklin County and its municipalities fully recognize the importance to be able to
communicate emergency information to all of their residents. The two predominant
languages spoken in Franklin County are English and Spanish. With that recognition, all
emergency communications within will be conveyed in both English and Spanish to the
greatest extent possible in compliance with the below List of laws, statutes, ordinances,
executive orders and regulations:
A. Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964
“No person in the United States shall, on the ground of race, color, or national origin
be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to
discrimination under any program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance.”
B. Executive Order 13166
“Improving Access to Services for persons with Limited English Proficiency’’.
Different treatment based upon a person’s inability to speak, read, write, or
understand English may be a type of national origin discrimination. Executive Order
13166 directs each Federal agency that is subject to the requirements of Title VI of
the Civil Rights Act of 1964 to publish guidance for its respective recipients and sub-
recipients clarifying that obligation.
C. EPCRA
The Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (EPCRA) provisions
help increase public’s knowledge and access to information on chemicals at
individual facilities, their uses, and releases into the environment. States and
communities, working with facilities, can use the information to improve chemical
safety and protect public health and the environment. Section 304 Emergency Release
Notification Requirements - Any facility that releases into the environment one of the
listed types of chemicals in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity
as required by the Emergency Release Notification regulation.
D. Title 38.52.070 RCW
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Section (3) establishes the requirement for emergency management organizations
to include a communications plan which identifies “significant population
segments” that have Limited English Proficiency and defines how life safety
information will be disseminated to those populations during an emergency or
disaster.
“Significant population segments” is defined as a language group that constitutes
five percent or one thousand residents, whichever is less, of the population of
persons eligible to be served or likely to be affected within a city, town, or county.
The data source which is used for this determination must come from the Office
of Financial Management.
Each local organization or joint local organization for emergency management
that produces a local comprehensive emergency management plan must include a
communication plan for notifying significant population segments of life safety
information during an emergency. Local organizations and joint local
organizations are encouraged to consult with affected community organizations in
the development of the communication plans.
"Significant population segment" means, for the purposes of this subsection (3),
each limited English proficiency language group. The office of financial
management forecasting division's limited English proficiency population
estimates is the demographic data set for determining eligible limited English
proficiency language groups.
SSB 5046 – Modified Title 38.52 RCW to establish requirements for providing
public notices of public health, safety, and welfare in a language other than
English.
V. DEVELOPMENT and MAINTENANCE
A. FCEM staff conducts weekly tests of all of their communications systems (EAS-
Internet pathway, CodeRED, AlertSense, IPAWS, EAS-VHF pathway, the CodeRED
mass notification system, sending out a notification to staff only. The performance of
the these systems is then reviewed and logged/documented to ensure communication
goals have been met.
B. FCEM conducts an annual test of the CodeRED mass notification system publicly.
This public test notification is sent out to subscribers of the CodeRED system based
on their language preference (English or Spanish). Performance of the notification is
then reviewed and logged/documented. Additionally, FEMA Region X receives the
annual report for certification for Alert and Warning within the 10 Mile Emergency
Planning Zone for the nuclear plant. Pre-recorded messages are recorded in English
and Spanish and reviewed annually.
VI. TERMS and DEFINITIONS
A. Communication Plan – As defined in Title 38.52.010 RCW, “means a section in a
local comprehensive emergency management plan that addresses emergency
notification of life safety information.”
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B. LEP Person - A Limited English Proficiency person is one who does not speak
English as their primary language and who has a limited ability to read, speak,
write or understand English.
C. Life Safety Information - As defined in Title 38.52.010 RCW, "means
information provided to people during a response to a life-threatening emergency
or disaster informing them of actions they can take to preserve their safety. Such
information may include, but is not limited to, information regarding evacuation,
sheltering, sheltering-in-place, facility lockdown, and where to obtain food and
water.
D. Significant Population Segment – As defined in Title 38.52.070 RCW, “means,
for the purposes of this subsection (3), each limited English proficiency language
group that constitutes five percent or one thousand residents, whichever is less, of
the population of persons eligible to be served or likely to be affected within a
city, town, or county. The office of financial management forecasting division's
limited English proficiency population estimates are the demographic data set for
determining eligible limited English proficiency language groups.”
VII. GUIDANCE and REFERENCES
A. Office of Financial Management (OFM) – Special Subject Estimates - Provides for
an estimate of population with limited English proficiency (LEP) for the state and
counties.
https://www.ofm.wa.gov/washington-data-research/population-
demographics/population-estimates/special-subject-estimates
B. Limited English Proficiency Application - An ArcGIS map with each county in
Washington State displayed in relation to how many language requirements were
identified from OFM data.
https://waseocgis.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=ffd638d41f704
5fe97a27d1e2ccbe0af
Franklin County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan Annex 1: Pasco
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ANNEX 1
PASCO
DESCRIPTION
Pasco is located at the confluence of the Columbia, Yakima and Snake rivers in the southernmost
part of Franklin County in southeastern Washington State. Pasco is part of the greater Tri-Cities,
which includes the cities of Kennewick and Richland in Benton County.
Pasco is the county seat for Franklin County, and is the largest incorporated city within the
County and has a population of 79,580 (2021 Washington Office of Financial Management). As
such, the city contains the entire County and City governmental infrastructure including the
county jail and courts. The City of Pasco incorporates roughly 40 square miles with a mixture of
urban, sub-urban and rural population densities.
The citizens of Pasco are served by an all-hazards NIMS compliant fire department that operates
out of three fire stations on a full-time basis. The Pasco Police Department is a full-time
organization that is primarily based within City Hall and has three satellite stations located
throughout the city (the satellite stations are usually unmanned).
The City of Pasco is part of an interlocal agreement which establishes Franklin County
Emergency Management (FCEM) governed by RCW 38.52.070. Under this agreement, FCEM
agrees to assist Pasco with its emergency operational plans and procedures; coordinate planning
with neighboring counties and applicable state and federal agencies; and coordinate
organizational activities during an emergency. The City is also co-signatory to several mutual
and auto aid agreements including a Franklin County All Hazard Master Mutual Aid Agreement
that provides access to private, public and non-governmental resources.
INDUSTRY
Pasco enjoys a diverse industrial base that includes manufacturing, transportation, agriculture
(including wine making), food processing, communications, utilities and tourism. The Tri-Cities
airport, located in Pasco, serves as the region’s main airport. Pasco has several large consumer
goods manufacturing facilities, located along the major transportation corridors. Those industries
include Reser’s Fine Foods, Americold, Tesoro, Burlington Northern/Santa Fe Railroad, and
others. Retail and wholesale trade, financial and real estate services are also highly represented
within the community.
HAZARDS
The City of Pasco may experience a local emergency based on the man-made and natural
hazards in and around the city. An Index B commercial airport, a major railroad switching yard,
water transportation facilities, a natural gas pipeline, bulk fuel facility and three major highways
(Highway 395, Highway 12, and Interstate I-182) are all within the established city limits of
Pasco. 79 facilities in Pasco reported having hazardous materials in excess of the Environmental
Protection Agency’s reporting Threshold for Planning Quantities in 2020. Over 1,000,000
gallons of highly volatile combustible liquids are transported through the city by rail each week.
Portions of the city are located within the 10 mile Emergency Planning Zone of the Department
of Energy Hanford Site and the Columbia Generating Station and an unrestricted, uncontained
Franklin County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan Annex 1: Pasco
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release of radiological or hazardous materials would overwhelm the response and support
capabilities within the city.
Because of its relative proximity to the Columbia and Snake Rivers, a catastrophic dam failure
from any one of the components of the dam network would probably flood much of the
downtown area of Pasco, including the critical governmental infrastructures. This also would
affect agriculture and the electrical grid.
Pasco has the potential to be affected by natural disaster (both long and short term). The City is
located within proximity of a recently discovered, moderately active fault line along the Saddle
Mountains (North and West of the City) and Wallula Gap to the southeast. Short-term drought is
a common occurrence in southeastern Washington State, and extreme wildfires particularly
within the urban interface boundaries are a very real potential. A long-term drought would
severely affect the economy of the City of Pasco. Other natural hazards to Pasco include high
sustained wind events and other weather extremes including tornadoes, ice storms, and extended
heat waves.
SPECIAL POPULATIONS
Pasco School District has a 2021/22 enrollment of 18,731. There are three high schools, an
alternative high school, 3STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) schools,
four middle schools and seventeen elementary schools, of which 3 are STEM based in the public
school district. In addition, several private schools, elementary through high school, operate in
the city. Columbia Basin College is located within Pasco. CBC has a 2021/22 enrollment of
7,000+. Pasco is home to a large hospital, an urgent care medical clinic, a senior citizen’s center,
and numerous day care centers and nursing homes. The city also has a significant population of
limited English proficiency (LEP) persons.
CONCLUSION
Columbia Basin College (2600 North 20th Ave, Pasco) is designated as an Emergency
Worker/Assistance Center and American Red Cross shelter. The Red Lion Inn, Chiawana High
School, Isaac Stevens Middle School and the Trade, Recreation and Agriculture Center (TRAC)
are designated American Red Cross shelters. In the event of an emergency, FCEM could
coordinate for reception and care at one or more of these facilities.
FCEM encourages residents, businesses and governments of Pasco to make individual
emergency planning considerations for their families and workplaces. This may include, but is
not limited to, developing a family disaster plan, equipping themselves with a minimum of a 72-
hour disaster supplies kit, and learning the basic first aid skills necessary for survival in a
disaster. Families should attempt to be 2 Weeks Ready. This will help residents cope with most
emergencies.
Franklin County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan Annex 2: Connell
2021 - CEMP Pg Annex 2 - 1
ANNEX 2
CONNELL
DESCRIPTION
The City of Connell is in the north-central part of Franklin County, 32 miles north of Pasco. The
population estimate is 5275 people (2021 Washington State Office of Financial Management.)
North Franklin Public Hospital District #1, a paid volunteer ambulance service, provides
emergency medical services for the City of Connell.
The community is protected by two 24-hour volunteer fire departments. The City of Connell
Fire Department has a full-time Chief trained and a paid volunteer staff of twenty-five people, all
of which are receiving training, and Franklin County Fire District #1 has a trained and paid
volunteer staff of forty people. Both entities are interoperable and networked with Franklin
County Emergency Services by means of the Franklin County Master Mutual Aid Agreement.
The Connell Police Department has a full time staff of seven sworn officers and ten reserve
officers.
The City of Connell is part of an inter-local agreement which establishes Franklin County
Emergency Management (FCEM) governed by RCW 38.52.070. Under this agreement, FCEM
agrees to assist Connell with its emergency operational plans and procedures; coordinate
planning with neighboring counties and applicable state and federal agencies; and coordinate
organizational activities during an emergency. The city is also co-signatory to several mutual and
auto aid agreements including a Franklin County All Hazard Master Mutual Aid Agreement that
provides access to private, public and non-governmental resources.
INDUSTRY
Agriculture-based industry is a major employer in the Connell area. The Con-
Agra/Lamb-Weston potato processing plant, the Americold cold storage facility, and the Pioneer
Hi-Bred parent seed processing facility employ a large segment of the population. Irrigated and
dry-land farming are also leading industries.
Coyote Ridge Corrections Center, a Washington state men’s medium/minimum-security prison,
is the leading employer in Connell and the largest prison in the state.
The North Franklin School District main office is located in Connell along with four of its six
schools and a bus transportation facility. The schools are a focal point in the community and the
district is a major employer in the community.
HAZARDS
The City of Connell may experience a local emergency based on the hazards in and around the
city. The Burlington Northern-Santa Fe Railroad has nine spurs in the Connell Area. B&R Ag
Spraying owns a paved landing strip used by private aircraft. U.S. 395, the major north-south
Franklin County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan Annex 2: Connell
2021 - CEMP Pg Annex 2 - 2
route in Franklin County, passes through the eastern part of the city. In addition, the potential for
a hazardous materials incident exists. Three facilities have large quantities of materials classified
as Extremely Hazardous Substances (EHS) by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA.)
This number does not include gas stations or any facility which has hazardous materials
packaged for retail sale. Fire Department personnel are compiling a data base of known
hazardous materials in the community and this will be on file for emergency responders once
completed. Connell has experienced flooding through the city as well.
SPECIAL POPULATIONS
Connell has an elementary, junior high and high schools in their community. Additionally, they
have a community center which is frequently used by various groups, including senior citizens
and youth. All the schools in the Connell area are part of the North Franklin School District.
Connell also has medical clinics operated by Columbia Basin Health Association and Liberty
Clinic. Connell has a high Hispanic population.
Coyote Ridge Corrections Center (CRCC) completed an expansion project which opened in
January 2009. The expanded facility is capable of housing 2,468 medium and minimum
offenders. In addition, the CRCC facility employs over 700 staff. There are reciprocal
agreements with CRCCC/WA DOC, city of Connell and Franklin County Emergency
Management through the Franklin County Master Mutual Aid Agreement.
CONCLUSION
Connell High School (1100 West Clark, Connell) is designated as an American Red Cross
shelter. In the event of an emergency, FCEM could coordinate for reception and care at this
facility.
Additionally, the Community Center has become a focal point for the city and can be utilized as
a primary gathering spot during emergencies for residents as well as city leadership.
FCEM encourages residents, businesses and governments of Pasco to make individual
emergency planning considerations for their families and workplaces. This may include, but is
not limited to, developing a family disaster plan, equipping themselves with a minimum of a 72-
hour disaster supplies kit, and learning the basic first aid skills necessary for survival in a
disaster. Families should attempt to be 2 Weeks Ready. This will help residents cope with most
emergencies.
Franklin County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan Annex 3: Mesa
2021 - CEMP Pg Annex 3 - 1
ANNEX 3
MESA
DESCRIPTION
The City of Mesa is centrally located in Franklin County, 10 miles south of Connell and 22 miles
north of Pasco. The population estimate is 505 people (2021 Washington Office of Financial
Management).
A paid volunteer fire department and paid volunteer ambulances respond to emergencies in the
City of Mesa. Franklin County Fire District #1 has a trained staff which may respond to fires in
Mesa and the surrounding area. North Franklin Public Hospital District #1 provides emergency
medical service for two-thirds of Franklin County, including Mesa. Law enforcement is provided
by the Franklin County Sheriff’s Office.
The City of Mesa is part of an inter-local agreement which establishes Franklin County
Emergency Management (FCEM) governed by RCW 38.52.070. Under this agreement, FCEM
agrees to assist Mesa with its emergency operational plans and procedures; coordinate planning
with neighboring counties and applicable state and federal agencies; and coordinate
organizational activities during an emergency.
INDUSTRY
Mesa is an agriculturally-based community. The South Columbia Basin Irrigation District and
Simplot Soilbuilders employ a good percentage of the population. In addition, both irrigated and
dry-land farming, cattle farming, and a nearby dairy provide employment opportunities.
HAZARDS
The City of Mesa may experience a local emergency based on the hazards in and around the city.
Highway 395, the primary north-south route in Franklin County, is just to the east of the city.
The Burlington Northern-Santa Fe railroad runs just to the west of town. Two facilities in Mesa
reported having hazardous materials in excess of the Environmental Protection Agency’s
Threshold Planning Quantities.
SPECIAL POPULATIONS
An elementary school is located in Mesa. The elementary school is part of the North Franklin
School District. In addition, 70% of the population is Hispanic.
CONCLUSION
FCEM encourages residents, businesses and governments of Pasco to make individual
emergency planning considerations for their families and workplaces. This may include, but is
not limited to, developing a family disaster plan, equipping themselves with a minimum of a 72-
hour disaster supplies kit, and learning the basic first aid skills necessary for survival in a
disaster. Families should attempt to be 2 Weeks Ready. This will help residents cope with most
emergencies.
Franklin County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan Annex 4: Kahlotus
2021 - CEMP Pg Annex 4 - 1
ANNEX 4
KAHLOTUS
DESCRIPTION
The City of Kahlotus is in the northeastern portion of Franklin County, 17 miles east of Connell
and 30 miles northeast of Pasco. The population estimate is 165 people (2021 Washington State
Office of Financial Management)
A volunteer fire department responds to emergencies in the City of Kahlotus. Franklin County
Fire District #2 has a trained staff which responds to fires in Kahlotus and the surrounding area.
EMS resources/response is not directly available in or around Kahlotus. Law enforcement is
provided by the Franklin County Sheriff’s Office.
The City of Kahlotus is part of an inter-local agreement which establishes Franklin County
Emergency Management (FCEM) governed by RCW 38.52.070. Under this agreement, FCEM
agrees to assist Kahlotus with its emergency operational plans and procedures; coordinate
planning with neighboring counties and applicable state and federal agencies; and coordinate
organizational activities during an emergency.
INDUSTRY
Kahlotus is an agricultural processing center with a well-educated work-force and a regional
wheat terminal.
HAZARDS
The Lower Monumental Dam is five miles from the town of Kahlotus. The Dam uses hazardous
materials in its daily operations, such as lube oil in the turbines and Freon in the heat pumps.
The Dam could also affect the town’s residents if flooding occurred, although the town itself is
not at risk of inundation. Kahlotus is susceptible to HAZMAT incidents, fire, severe weather and
power outages.
SPECIAL POPULATIONS
Kahlotus has a preschool, an elementary, junior high, and high school within the Kahlotus
School District.
CONCLUSION
FCEM encourages residents, businesses and governments of Pasco to make individual
emergency planning considerations for their families and workplaces. This may include, but is
not limited to, developing a family disaster plan, equipping themselves with a minimum of a 72-
hour disaster supplies kit, and learning the basic first aid skills necessary for survival in a
disaster. Families should attempt to be 2 Weeks Ready. This will help residents cope with most
emergencies.
Franklin County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan Annex 5: Unincorporated Franklin County
2021 - CEMP Pg Annex 5 - 1
ANNEX 5
UNINCORPORATED FRANKLIN COUNTY
DESCRIPTION
The population of the unincorporated areas of Franklin County was 13,975 people (2021
Washington Office of Financial Management). Franklin is county is roughly 1,265 square miles
The County’s fire response for the unincorporated portions of the County is comprised of five
fire districts (see map at the end of this annex). Franklin County Fire District #1 surrounds the
City of Connell and is responsible for the north-central part of the county. Franklin County Fire
District #2 surrounds the City of Kahlotus and follows the Snake River south to Ice Harbor Dam,
nearly encompassing the eastern boundary of the county. Franklin County Fire District #3
surrounds the City of Pasco and extends north to Sagemoor Road. Franklin County Fire District
#4 surrounds the unincorporated community of Basin City and responds in the northwest portion
of the county. Franklin County Fire District #5 is situated on the west side of the County and
surrounds the unincorporated areas of Merrill’s and Mathew’s corners. Within Franklin County,
there is an area which is not directly served by a fire department or protection district. This area
is known as the Juniper Dunes. The land is managed by the Bureau of Land Management
(BLM), which contracts for Initial and Extended Attack fire suppression by local fire protection
districts.
Emergency medical response is handled by various agencies depending on the location in the
county. The Pasco Fire Department provides emergency medical services (EMS) for the City of
Pasco. FCFD#3 provides EMS coverage for its response area. FCFD#2 does not provides EMS
coverage for its response area. Franklin County Public Hospital District #1, a paid volunteer
ambulance service, provides EMS for FCFD #1, 4, and 5. There are two private EMS providers
in the area, Life Flight and American Medical Response. The northeast portion has extremely
limited, to no EMS coverage at all.
Law enforcement in the unincorporated area of Franklin County is handled by the Franklin
County Sheriff’s Office. The cities of Connell and Pasco each have their own city Police
Departments. The Washington State Patrol has jurisdiction on the highways and state routes that
run throughout the county. Local Law Enforcement also has responsibility on the large rivers in
the area as well as lakes. There is a US Coast Guard Station on the Columbia River in
Kennewick.
Franklin County also has the largest prison in the state within its boundaries. The prison is in
Connell, Washington and is a medium security prison.
The Franklin County government is part of an inter-local agreement which establishes Franklin
County Emergency Management (FCEM) governed by RCW 38.52.070. Under this agreement,
FCEM agrees to assist Franklin County with its emergency operational plans and procedures;
coordinate planning with neighboring counties and applicable state and federal agencies; and
coordinate organizational activities during an emergency.
Franklin County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan Annex 5: Unincorporated Franklin County
2021 - CEMP Pg Annex 5 - 2
As part of the county’s continuity of operations planning, the Chief Elected Official is the
Chairperson of the Board of County Commissioners. If no County Commissioner(s) are
available, the line of succession described in Franklin County Resolution 2021-253, Continuity
of Government in an Emergency will be followed. When the commissioner(s) are unavailable
for/during an emergency situation, this order of succession will be followed:
1. A single Commissioner 4. County Sheriff
2. County Administrator 5. County Treasurer
3. County Prosecutor 6. County Auditor
INDUSTRY
Agriculture is the primary industry in unincorporated Franklin County. Irrigated and dry-land
farming is extensive. Businesses affiliated with agriculture, such as grain storage, processing
facilities and irrigation, can be found throughout the county.
HAZARDS
The hazards for the county are described in the Hazard Vulnerability Analysis, Appendix 7 of the
Franklin County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan.
SPECIAL POPULATIONS
Three public elementary schools (Star School, Basin City Elementary, Edwin Markham
Elementary) are found in the unincorporated portion of Franklin County. In addition, three
private schools are in operation in the county. A large percentage of the county’s population is
Hispanic and the number of people in the county swells with the influx of migrant workers
during various harvest seasons. People visiting Palouse Falls in the north eastern portion of the
county have no EMS coverage even though this area tends to have a higher risk level of injuries
due to the tens of thousands of visitors.
CONCLUSION
FCEM encourages residents, businesses and governments of Pasco to make individual
emergency planning considerations for their families and workplaces. This may include, but is
not limited to, developing a family disaster plan, equipping themselves with a minimum of a 72-
hour disaster supplies kit, and learning the basic first aid skills necessary for survival in a
disaster. Families should attempt to be 2 Weeks Ready. This will help residents cope with most
emergencies.
Franklin County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan Annex 5: Unincorporated Franklin County
2021 - CEMP Pg Annex 5 - 3
Franklin County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan Emergency Support Function 1: Transportation
2021 - CEMP p. ESF 1 - 1
EMERGENCY SUPPORT FUNCTION 1
TRANSPORTATION
Primary Agency: Franklin County, Connell & Pasco Public Works
Washington State Department of Transportation
Pasco Airport
United States Coast Guard (Tri-Cities and Portland)
Ben-Franklin Transit
Kahlotus School District No. 56
North Franklin School District No. J-51
Pasco School District No. 1
Star School District No. 54
Support Agencies: Law Enforcement Agencies
Private Industry
• Greyhound
• Motor-coaches and/or charter bus lines
• River resources (Tidewater, charters, river boat touring boats)
• Taxi/Cab services
Franklin County Emergency Management
I. INTRODUCTION
A. Purpose
The purpose of this Emergency Support Function (ESF) is to establish and maintain
effective utilization of all available transportation resources during emergencies.
B. Scope
1. This ESF applies to all emergencies considered in the Hazard
Vulnerability Analysis.
2. The Franklin County Emergency Management Office will coordinate
planning and preparedness activities related to transportation.
3. Principal support agencies will identify the resources and personnel
available and designate a coordinator for their resources.
II. POLICIES
To the maximum extent possible under emergency conditions, transportation of persons,
animals and materials will be done in compliance with the public laws and regulations
pertaining to the mode and manner of transport. Specifically, the plans and procedures of
agencies that carry out this function will specify compliance with requirements for
Franklin County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan Emergency Support Function 1: Transportation
2021 - CEMP p. ESF 1 - 2
licensing and qualification of drivers, condition of vehicles, all traffic and other operating
requirements.
III. SITUATION
A. Emergency/Disaster Conditions and Hazards
1. Emergencies such as hazardous material releases, floods and fires pose
direct threats to personnel safety in specific geographic areas.
Transportation of people out of the affected area(s) can minimize the loss
of life and other potential health impacts. Some population groups may
require assistance to move out of the affected area.
2. Many emergency conditions may require coordinated and timely
movement of equipment, supplies and materials into or out of affected
areas. Where the movement of these materials is not specifically provided
for under another ESF, their transportation is to be considered part of this
ESF.
B. Planning Assumptions
1. Most persons residing or working in Franklin County will be able to
provide for their own transportation out of a hazard area. Planning for use
of response assets under this plan will be concentrated on those groups
most likely to need transportation.
2. Transportation resources identified in this plan may be deployed anywhere
within Franklin County to carry out their response function.
3. Participating agencies will provide the necessary legal/contractual basis
for their employees to carry out assigned duties as part of a coordinated
County emergency response.
4. Local resources will be utilized first. If additional resources are needed
they will be requested through Washington State Military Department,
Emergency Management Division (WAEMD)/ State Emergency
Operations Center (SEOC) or coordinated as part of a Mutual Aid
Agreement.
5. If the state’s transportation network is severely damaged, the governor
may activate the Emergency Highway Traffic Regulation Plan. Under that
plan, an immediate post-disaster survey of the total highway system will
be initiated by the Washington State Department of Transportation and
restrictions may be placed on specific routes.
6. If the cities’/county’s transportation network is severly damage, their
public works departments will be responsible for conducting post-disaster
surveys, damage assessments and road restrictions/closures.
Franklin County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan Emergency Support Function 1: Transportation
2021 - CEMP p. ESF 1 - 3
IV. CONCEPT OF OPERATIONS
A. General
1. The primary movement of people, equipment, and supplies will be by
privately owned vehicles (automobiles, vans, buses, and light trucks),
common carrier trucks, and privately owned trucks.
2. Public transit buses and school buses will be used to transport persons
unable to provide their own transportation, including special populations
such as the mobility-impaired.
3. Rail, air, and water transportation systems will be used as secondary
systems where the specific emergency conditions and requirements of the
response indicate.
4. Transportation of animals, equipment and materials will be primarily by
privately owned vehicles, use of which will be coordinated by the
Emergency Coordination Center (ECC).
5. All local government vehicles are subject to requisition for emergency
transportation services and may be assigned as required during a disaster.
6. Use of privately-owned transportation assets that are placed at the disposal
of the Emergency Operations organization will be directed by
Transportation Coordinator in the Emergency Coordination Center.
B. Organization
1. Franklin County Emergency Management: Franklin County has
defined the transportation function to include the transport of people,
animals and material. No single County executive agency has a scope of
activities and resources appropriate for it to assume a primary planning
and coordination role. Therefore, the primary planning/coordination
responsibility for this ESF is vested in the Franklin County Emergency
Management Office (FCEM).
2. Ben-Franklin Transit: Ben-Franklin Transit is a public mass-transit
agency that operates transit bus, van-pool and dial-a-ride systems serving
the Tri-Cities area of Franklin County. The day-to-day operations of Ben-
Franklin Transit are under the direction of the General Manager, who
reports to a board of directors. The General Manager designates a
member of the Ben-Franklin Transit staff to coordinate planning and
preparedness activities with FCEM and to serve as transportation resource
coordinator in the Franklin County Emergency Coordination Center.
3. School Districts: The Kahlotus, North Franklin, Pasco and Star School
Franklin County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan Emergency Support Function 1: Transportation
2021 - CEMP p. ESF 1 - 4
Districts maintain bus fleets for transportation of pupils. In each case, the
District Superintendent/Administrator is responsible for day-to-day
operations and reports to an elected board of directors. The Districts
Transportation Supervisors maintain and operate the bus fleet under the
direction of the Superintendent. Districts may designate a transportation
supervisor to assist and advise the County Emergency Coordination
Center staff regarding the utilization of that district's transportation assets.
4. Franklin County Public Works: Franklin County Public Works is a
Franklin County department. The Director of Public Works reports to the
elected Board of Commissioners. The Director designates a member of the
Engineering Division staff to coordinate planning and preparedness
activities with FCEM and to assist and advise the County Emergency
Coordination Center staff regarding the utilization of transportation assets.
The Public Works representative will also inform the ECC of any
disruption or damage to the transportation system.
5. City Public Works: The Director of Public Works for the cities report to
the city manager, mayor and/or city council. The Director designates a
member of the Engineering Division staff to coordinate planning and
preparedness activities with FCEM and to assist and advise the Franklin
County Emergency Coordination Center staff regarding the utilization of
transportation assets. The Public Works representative will also inform the
ECC of any disruption or damage to the transportation system.
6. Washington State Department of Transportation: Washington State
Department of Transportation is responsible for building, maintaining, and
operating the state highway system, and works in partnership with others
to maintain and improve local roads, railroads, airports, and multi-modal
alternatives to driving.
C. Mitigation Activities
As defined in the Franklin County Comprehensive Emergency Plan,
transportation is a response function. No mitigation activities have been
identified as part of this Emergency Support Function.
D. Preparedness Activities
Preparedness activities for the effective mobilization and utilization of
transportation systems include:
• Identifying evacuation routes
• Identifying reception centers
• Determining the availability of vehicles (including boats and aircraft)
• Determining availability of trained operators
• Determining the means for communicating with vehicle operators (e.g., radio
frequency)
Franklin County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan Emergency Support Function 1: Transportation
2021 - CEMP p. ESF 1 - 5
• Identifying fuel supplies
• Arranging for maintenance support
• Preparing signs to identify pickup points, routes, and detours
• Conducting drills/exercises to test the performance of transportation response
• Encourage citizens through public education to be prepared to provide their
own transportation in the event of an emergency
• Ensure emergency messages for a large-scale evacuation are disseminated in
English and Spanish, as well as partnering with various local media.
• Ensure vehicles that can assist people with access and functional needs are
available. Ben-Franklin Transit, School District buses and some private
transportation companies have these types of vehicles.
E. Response Activities
The priority of transportation resources will be assigned based on the protection
of:
a. Life and Safety
b. Property
c. Environment
d. Economic Vitality
1. If emergency conditions occur for which specific evacuation plans exist,
implement those plans.
2. If transportation dependent residents request assistance and/or have access
and functional needs, Franklin County Emergency Coordination Center
staff will coordinate the deployment of transportation assets to help
remove these people from the hazard area. These people are instructed to
make prior arrangements with friends, neighbors, or relatives in order to
ensure transportation out of the hazard area during an emergency.
3. School children will be transported out of the hazard area and taken to
designated Reception and Care Centers.
4. Removal of livestock and animals from hazard areas will be accomplished
with primarily private transportation assets coordinated by the Emergency
Coordination Center staff.
5. Transportation of equipment, materials and supplies will be coordinated
and prioritized as needed by the Emergency Coordination Center Staff.
F. Recovery Activities
1. Specific and detailed planning for restoration of the transportation
function is not considered in this plan.
2. Specific utilization of transportation resources will be considered in
drawing up plans for re-entry and recovery according to the needs and
priorities that are evident at that time.
Franklin County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan Emergency Support Function 1: Transportation
2021 - CEMP p. ESF 1 - 6
3. Transportation arrangements will be made for those who have no vehicles
to ride to disaster recovery assistance centers and to other places where
they may receive victim assistance.
4. All agencies and departments must accurately record expenses for
response and recovery activities. Should the disaster be declared as a
Federal Disaster, reimbursement of expenses for response and recovery
may be administered.
V. RESPONSIBILITIES
A. Primary Agencies:
1. Franklin County/City Public Works
• Designate a staff member to coordinate planning and preparedness
activities with FCEM.
• Maintain such internal procedures and directives as are needed to
provide for prompt and effective activation of the Public Works staff
and resources to support the Franklin County Comprehensive
Emergency Plan.
• Designate one or more knowledgeable individuals to advise the
transportation coordinator in the Emergency Coordination Center
regarding the condition of the transportation system during
emergencies.
• Provide for the emergency maintenance, repair and clearance of
City/County/State roadways to facilitate transportation of people,
equipment, and supplies.
2. Washington State Department of Transportation
• Designate a staff member to coordinate planning and preparedness
activities with FCEM.
• Maintain such internal procedures and directives as are needed to
provide for prompt and effective activation of the WSDOT staff and
resources to support the Franklin County Comprehensive Emergency
Plan.
• Designate one or more knowledgeable individuals to advise the
transportation coordinator in the Emergency Coordination Center
regarding the condition of the transportation system during
emergencies.
Franklin County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan Emergency Support Function 1: Transportation
2021 - CEMP p. ESF 1 - 7
• Provide for the emergency maintenance, repair and clearance of
City/County/State roadways to facilitate transportation of people,
equipment, and supplies.
3. Pasco Airport
• Designate a staff member to coordinate planning and preparedness
activities with FCEM.
• Maintain such internal procedures and directives as are needed to
provide for prompt and effective activation of the Port of Pasco staff
and resources to support the Franklin County Comprehensive
Emergency Plan.
• Designate one or more knowledgeable individuals to advise the
transportation coordinator in the Emergency Coordination Center
regarding the condition of the transportation system during
emergencies.
• Provide for the emergency maintenance, repair and clearance of
County roadways to facilitate transportation of people, equipment, and
supplies.
4. United States Coast Guard (Tri-Cities and Portland detachments)
• Designate a staff member to coordinate planning and preparedness
activities with FCEM.
• Maintain such internal procedures and directives as are needed to
provide for prompt and effective activation of the USCG staff and
resources to support the Franklin County Comprehensive Emergency
Plan.
• Designate one or more knowledgeable individuals to advise the
transportation coordinator in the Emergency Coordination Center
regarding the condition of the transportation system during
emergencies.
• Provide for the emergency maintenance, repair and clearance of
County roadways to facilitate transportation of people, equipment, and
supplies.
5. Ben-Franklin Transit
• Designate a staff member to coordinate planning and preparedness
activities with FCEM.
Franklin County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan Emergency Support Function 1: Transportation
2021 - CEMP p. ESF 1 - 8
• Maintain such internal procedures and directives as are needed to
provide for prompt and effective activation of the BFT staff and
resources to support the Franklin County Comprehensive Emergency
Plan.
• Provide transportation vehicle assistance when capable, including
vehicles that are ADA compliant.
• Designate one or more knowledgeable individuals to serve as
transportation resource coordinator in the County Emergency
Coordination Center during emergencies.
6. School Districts
• Designate a staff member to coordinate planning and preparedness
activities with FCEM.
• Maintain such internal procedures and directives as are needed to
provide for prompt and effective activation of the district’s
transportation staff and resources to support the Franklin County
Comprehensive Emergency Plan.
• Designate one or more knowledgeable individuals to advise the
transportation resource coordinator in the County Emergency
Coordination Center during emergencies
B. Support Agencies:
1. Greyhound/Motor coaches/Charter Bus lines
• Designate a staff member to coordinate planning and preparedness
activities with FCEM.
• If requested and possible, activation of their staff and resources to
support the Franklin County Comprehensive Emergency Plan.
• Designate one or more knowledgeable individuals to advise the
transportation coordinator in the Emergency Coordination Center
regarding the condition of the transportation system during
emergencies.
• Provide for the emergency maintenance, repair and clearance of
County roadways to facilitate transportation of people, equipment, and
supplies.
2. Tidewater/River charters/tour boats and river resources
Franklin County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan Emergency Support Function 1: Transportation
2021 - CEMP p. ESF 1 - 9
• Designate a staff member to coordinate planning and preparedness
activities with FCEM.
• If requested and possible, activation of their staff and resources to
support the Franklin County Comprehensive Emergency Plan.
• Designate one or more knowledgeable individuals to advise the
transportation coordinator in the Emergency Coordination Center
regarding the condition of the transportation system during
emergencies.
• Provide for the emergency maintenance, repair and clearance of
County roadways to facilitate transportation of people, equipment, and
supplies.
3. Taxi Cab services
• Designate a staff member to coordinate planning and preparedness
activities with FCEM.
• If requested and possible, activation of their staff and resources to
support the Franklin County Comprehensive Emergency Plan.
• Designate one or more knowledgeable individuals to advise the
transportation coordinator in the Emergency Coordination Center
regarding the condition of the transportation system during
emergencies.
• Provide for the emergency maintenance, repair and clearance of
County roadways to facilitate transportation of people, equipment, and
supplies.
4. Franklin County Emergency Management
The Franklin County Emergency Management office will coordinate
planning and preparedness for the transportation function by:
• Assisting support agencies in developing their internal response
procedures and guidelines.
• Maintaining a procedure/checklist for the Transportation Coordinator
and Public Works Coordinator positions in the Emergency
Coordination Center.
• Maintaining an inventory of transportation resources and contacts.
• Assisting county residents and private organizations in addressing
transportation-related concerns and in planning for use of private
Franklin County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan Emergency Support Function 1: Transportation
2021 - CEMP p. ESF 1 - 10
transportation resources during emergencies.
• Disseminate emergency
VI. RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS
Franklin County Emergency Management
FCEM has no transportation resources, but will attempt to maintain a list of contacts and
resources available from private entities that may be accessed to move people, animals or
materials during an emergency.
Franklin City/County Public Works FCPW maintains the County vehicle pool which includes an assortment of cars, light
trucks, dump trucks, trailers, and heavy equipment. FCPW also maintains its own radio
net for direction and control of staff and assets throughout the County.
Ben Franklin Transit BFT maintains their vehicle pool which includes an assortment of vans, busses and
various vehicles. BFT also maintains their own radio system for communications with
their vehicles.
Washington State Department of Transportation WSDOT maintains the vehicle pool which includes an assortment of cars, light trucks,
dump trucks, trailers, and heavy equipment. WDOT also maintains its own radio net for
direction and control of staff and assets throughout the County.
Pasco Airport Port of Pasco maintains their vehicle pool which includes an assortment of cars, light
trucks, dump trucks, trailers, and heavy equipment. Port of Pasco also maintains its own
radio net for direction and control of staff and assets throughout the County.
Greyhound/Motor Coaches/Charter Bus Lines Greyhound maintains their vehicle pool which includes an assortment of busses/vehicles.
Tidewater/River charters/Tour boats and river resources River resources maintain their own inventory of marine assets. Some also maintain their
own radio net for direction and control of staff and assets.
Taxi Cab Services Taxi Cab Services maintain their own vehicle pool. They also maintain their own radio
net for direction and control of staff and assets throughout the area.
United States Coast Guard (Tri-Cities and Portland Detachments)
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USCG maintains their inventory of marine assets. USCG also maintains their own radio
net for direction and control of staff and assets.
VII. REFERENCES
1. Revised Code of Washington 28A-160-080, School Buses, Rental or
Lease for Emergency Purposes – Authorization
2. Revised Code of Washington 28A-160-090, School Buses, Rental or
Lease for Emergency Purposes - Board to Determine District Policy -
Conditions if Rent or Lease.
3. See Appendix 3
VIII. TERMS AND DEFINITIONS
See Appendix 4
Franklin County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan Emergency Support Function 2: Communication, Information Systems, & Warning
2021 - CEMP p. ESF 2 - 1
EMERGENCY SUPPORT FUNCTION 2
COMMUNICATIONS, INFORMATION SYSTEMS, AND WARNING
Primary Agencies: Franklin County Emergency Management
Southeast Communications Center (SECOMM)
Franklin County Information Services
City of Pasco Information Services
Support Agencies: Law Enforcement
Fire/EMS Services, Districts & Departments
North Franklin Public Hospital District
Radio Amateur Civil Emergency Services (RACES)
KONA and KORD Broadcast Stations
Local Broadcast Media
I. INTRODUCTION
A. Purpose
To provide guidance for rapid alert and warning to key public officials and the general
public of an impending or occurring natural or human-caused emergency or disaster. To
provide guidance for organizing, establishing, and maintaining the communications
capabilities necessary to meet the operational requirements of local response and
recovery efforts. To provide a continuous flow of information throughout an emergency
or disaster.
B. Scope
ESF #2 describes the coordination of local actions to establish and maintain
communications and warning systems to prepare for, respond to and recover from
emergencies or disasters which may affect the citizens and operations of local
government. Local government has organized, equipped, and maintains capable
communication systems necessary to meet daily operational requirements, and to
maintain these capabilities during emergencies or disaster response and recovery
operations.
II. POLICIES
A. To the maximum extent possible under emergency conditions, communication and
warning functions will be performed in compliance with existing telecommunications
regulations and requirements. Radio systems operated by Franklin County will conform
to the conditions of the applicable FCC license(s).
B. Franklin County and its municipalities will maintain capability to rapidly warn the
public when disaster threatens so that citizens may take necessary actions to protect
Franklin County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan Emergency Support Function 2: Communication, Information Systems, & Warning
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themselves and their property.
C. Emergency public information is normally gathered and distributed by the designated
Public Information Officer (PIO) at the ECC or with the IC-PIO on-scene. Before these
messages can be disseminated to the public, they must be approved by the IC or
Emergency Chairman in the ECC/EOC. If the Emergency Chairman is unavailable, the
Emergency Manager, which may be the Director of Emergency Management, Franklin
County Sheriff, Prosecutor, Administrator or Mayor of an affected jurisdiction must
approve messages before public distribution.
III. SITUATION
A. Emergency/Disaster Conditions and Hazards
A natural or human-caused emergency or disaster may occur at anytime that requires
dissemination of warning or notification of emergency information to local public
officials and the general public. These warnings may originate from any level of
government. Most forecasting resources are located within the federal government and
may include warnings for natural and human caused disasters. Communications will be
one of our first concerns in the focus of life-saving activities. Emergency information to
the public may include information about evacuation, sheltering-in-place, protective
actions, food and water supply locations, transportation, relocation, contacting family
and friends, and accessing lists of missing or deceased persons. It may also include
information about accessing social and health services and where to find human and
domestic animal shelters.
B. Planning Assumptions
1. There is no single comprehensive emergency management communications system
that connects all elements of the Franklin County emergency response capability.
Capabilities presently available in Franklin County include the systems available at
the Southeast Communication Center, Franklin County ECC/EOC, and the systems
used by law enforcement agencies, fire services and emergency medical services.
2. Amateur radio operators will be available in an emergency or disaster through the
established local amateur radio organizations. They have a station setup at the ECC.
3. Communications assistance may be provided by the State or Federal government.
Commercial telephone, Satellite telephones, CEMNET, DOE SafetyNet or
dedicated circuits will be used to communicate with the WA SEOC.
4. In severe and/or extended disaster operations, the Federal Emergency Management
Agency's Mobile Emergency Radio Service (MERS) unit, stationed in at FEMA
Region X in Bothell, Washington may be available upon request.
5. The Washington State Emergency Operations Center (WA-SEOC) has access to the
Washington Military Department’s communications services, which can be used in
the event of a major emergency or disaster in the region.
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IV. CONCEPT OF OPERATIONS
A. General
1. The Southeast Communications (SECOMM) Center will serve as Franklin County’s
24-hour-a-day communication center to receive notification of emergencies or
disasters and activate emergency response functions. Communications during
emergencies and disaster situations will be carried out using the established
communications systems used in day-to-day operations to the degree that they
survive the disaster and continue to afford adequate communications within the
county and mutual aid responders. Primary and backup methods for each key
communication requirement will be designated.
2. Communications capabilities for notification of key officials include telephone,
radio and cellular phone. Franklin County Emergency Management staff and
Franklin County Commissioners can be notified via telephone, cellular phone, in
order to make their designated notifications and to coordinate warning operations.
Back-up systems such as law enforcement teletype, local government service radio,
amateur radio and citizen band radio may be used to assist in disseminating
information if necessary. The National Warning System (NAWAS) point for
Franklin County is the SECOMM Center located in Richland, WA.
3. The Emergency Alert System (EAS) operates through designated radio and
televisions stations. Franklin County is in the Columbia Basin Operational Area.
The designated LP-1 EAS station is KONA, FM 105.3/ 610AM and the LP-2
station is KORD, FM 102.7.
The Emergency Alert System is the primary warning method in Franklin County for
large/county-wide emergency notifications. It can be activated by authorized
officials in each jurisdiction, according to procedures contained in the Columbia
Basin EAS Operational Area Plan. Usage will be in compliance with Appendix-9
LEP.
CodeRED Emergency Telephone Notification System (ETNS) is a telephonic mass
notification system that can be activated by FCEM and select fire and law
enforcement officials. This system provides the ability to notify the public based
upon a given geographic area. Notifications can be made via telephone, cell phone,
text or email. This notification system will be used as a secondary
notification/warning system and residents are responsible for signing up for this free
service. Wireless Emergency Alert (WEA) is integrated into the CodeRED system,
giving Franklin County access to the FEMA managed system. WEA allows a
specific targeted area to receive emergency messages based off of a cell tower
triangulated mapping system. Usage will be in compliance with Appendix-9 LEP.
Franklin County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan Emergency Support Function 2: Communication, Information Systems, & Warning
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4. Telephone landline service is provided by Verizon, Century Link and Frontier.
Voice over internet protocol (VOIP) is provided by several different providers, all
of whom have toll lines that run through the county. Cellular phone service is
provided by AT&T Wireless / FirstNet, Verizon Wireless, Sprint, T-Mobile and US
Cellular. The cellular providers all have towers and networks that cover Franklin
County.
B. Organization
1. Franklin County Emergency Management: FCEM has a local Emergency
Coordination/Operations Center where communications are supported through
telephone, radio, internet, and cellular systems. The agency keeps an EAS receiver
near the ECC/EOC, which receives weekly tests of the system. FCEM has the
ability to record messages on the EAS for dissemination to the local public
broadcasters.
2. Southeast Communications Center: SECOMM provides emergency dispatch (9-
1-1) services to Benton and Franklin counties and the incorporated cities within
each of those counties. SECOMM is created by, and operates through an Inter-
Local Agreement between all the cities and both counties. A board with designated
representatives, stipulated in the interlocal agency agreement, manages the agency.
The SECOMM Center will be the Primary Warning Point (PWP) and central
communications center for all Benton and Franklin County emergency response
(Fire/Law Enforcement/EMS).
3. The City of Connell: Connell Police and Fire Departments utilize the SECOMM
Center for emergency response calls. EMS is provided by the North Franklin Public
Hospital District (NFPHD) that also utilizes SECOMM’s services. The city of
Connell uses SECOMM for 9-1-1 emergency call services.
4. The Cities of Mesa and Kahlotus: These municipalities utilize the Franklin
County Sheriff’s Office (FCSO) for law enforcement services. Fire/EMS response
is from volunteer fire district NFPHD. FCSO and the fire districts utilize the
SECOMM Center for emergency response calls. The cities of Mesa and Kahlotus
use SECOMM for 9-1-1 emergency call services.
5. Franklin County Sheriff’s Office (FCSO): The Franklin County Sheriff’s Office
is under the direction of the elected County Sheriff. The FCSO is the sole law
enforcement entity for the cities of Mesa and Kahlotus, as well as having
responsibility for the entire county.
6. Emergency Communication and Warning: Public information and warning
functions for Franklin County are coordinated through FCEM, the SECOMM
Center, Law Enforcement and Fire agencies. The Incident Commander, FCEM
Emergency Manager or Emergency Chairman must authorize/approve all outgoing
alerts, warnings, and press releases originating from the ECC/EOC. Emergency
information distributed through EAS/CodeRED will be used in compliance with
Appendix 9 - Limited English Proficiency of this CEMP.
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C. Procedures
Various agencies, groups and communications/alert/warning systems function under
this ESF and their specific operational plans and procedures:
1. State Emergency Management NAWAS Handbook
2. Washington State EAS Plan
3. Columbia Basin Operational Plan
4. County ARES Standard Operating Procedures
5. State RACES Plan
D. Mitigation
FCEM conducts exercises at the ECC/EOC which include practicing
ARES/RACES/HAM communications for coordinating messages and information with
the WA-SEOC, other counties and a Joint Information Center (JIC), if one is
assembled. They provide situation reports (sit-reps) to the state, resource requests and
redundant communications to provide updates to those entities. FCEM encourages and
promotes mutual aid and cooperation between state and local jurisdictions and
agencies.
E. Preparedness
1. ECC/EOC training for response agencies is coordinated through Emergency
Management. FCEM coordinates with WA State EM to ensure operational
readiness of communications. FCEM also maintains an operational ECC with
emergency communications capabilities and operational procedures.
2. All agencies involved in emergency operations should be able to provide essential
staff for the emergency or disaster while non-essential staff should be placed on
stand-by. They will maintain their communications resources and make them
available to support disaster operations.
3. Periodic, training, drills, tests, and exercises will be conducted to maintain the
operational communication capability.
4. FCEM will maintain a dialogue with local organizations representing licensed
amateur radio operators and invite their participation in periodic emergency
communications drills and exercises.
F. Response
1. FCEM will maintain communications with the State, neighboring jurisdictions and
other agencies, as necessary. FCEM will utilize the CEMNET radio link with the
State EOC and the High Frequency Amateur Radio Transceiver.
2. FCEM will arrange for amateur radio communications at Community Reception
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and Care centers and other locations as needed.
3. SECOMM will serve as the primary communications link between the ECC/EOC
and the local 9-1-1 response resources. SECOMM will also relay emergency
notifications to county officials and responders in accordance with their approved
communications protocols.
4. Other agencies will be responsible for the relay of information from the ECC/EOC
to field responders in accordance with their communication protocols and command
instructions.
G. Recovery
Channels/pathways for dissemination of re-entry and recovery information will be the
same as those for all other phases of the emergency unless otherwise specified during
recovery planning.
V. RESPONSIBILITIES
A. Primary Agency: Franklin County Emergency Management
FCEM coordinates emergency communications for the ECC/EOC located at 1011 E.
Ainsworth St., Pasco WA. Specific information include:
1. Coordinating between support agencies and response assets within the County to
establish and maintain effective and reliable communications methods.
2. Ensuring the maintenance of a reliable communications system for emergency
notifications between Washington State Emergency Operations Center, SECOMM
Center, and the Franklin County Emergency Coordination/Operations Center for all
hazards/emergencies.
B. Primary Agency: SECOMM Center
The SECOMM Center is primary warning point for Benton and Franklin Counties. The
SECOMM Center is responsible for:
1. Maintaining a 24-hour capability to receive emergency notifications from Columbia
Generating Station, DOE Occurrence Notification Center, Tri-Cities Airport,
NAWAS, local fire/EMS/law enforcement agencies and others.
2. Maintaining a 24-hour capability to receive emergency 9-1-1 calls from residents
and businesses.
3. Providing rapid notification to county authorities, response agencies and FCEM in
accordance with standard procedures and event or condition specific checklists.
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4. Support emergency operations by conveying directions, requests, status reports and
other critical communications between the ECC/EOC and law enforcement and fire
agencies.
C. Support Agencies: FCSO, Pasco and Connell Police/Fire, Franklin County Fire
Protection Districts and EMS Providers
Maintaining a 24-hour capability to receive and relay emergency notifications from
SECOMM.
1. These agencies will support emergency communications by receiving/relaying
notifications through their normal means of communications (800Mhz/VHF radio,
cell-phones and telephones).
VI. RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS
The emergency management communications resources presently available to Franklin
County are:
A. Telephone (Commercial, private and leased lined telephone, cellular phone, satellite
and facsimile may be used).
B. NAWAS (National Warning System, land line-voice)
C. EAS (Emergency Alert System)
D. CEMNET (Comprehensive Emergency Management Network, 2-way radio)
E. Amateur Radio (2-way radio in the VHF and HF bands)
F. Department of Energy (2-way radio on DOE-Safety Net)
G. 2-way radio frequencies used by Law Enforcement Fire Service, Emergency Medical
Services, and local governments.
H. Energy Northwest telephone circuit and satellite phones
I. Cell Phone, Internet email etc.
J. CodeRED Emergency Telephone Notification System
VII. REFERENCES
See Appendix 3
VIII. TERMS AND DEFINITIONS
See Appendix 4
Franklin County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan Emergency Support Function 3: Public Works and Engineering
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EMERGENCY SUPPORT FUNCTION 3
PUBLIC WORKS AND ENGINEERING
Primary Agency: Franklin County Public Works Department
Pasco Public Works
Connell Public Works
Mesa Public Works
Kahlotus Public Works
Washington Department of Transportation
Support Agencies: Franklin County Emergency Management
City/County Building Departments
U.S. Army Corp of Engineers
Franklin County Public Utility District
Private Sector Companies
I. INTRODUCTION
A. Purpose
This ESF is developed for the cooperative efforts of Franklin County and the
incorporated municipalities to perform public works and engineering tasks in the
event of a disaster or emergency. These coordinated activities should include
emergency construction, demolition, inspection, operation and repair of facilities
and roads to support emergency operations and the removal and disposal of waste.
B. Scope
1. This ESF applies to all emergencies considered in the Hazard
Vulnerability Analysis.
2. The Franklin County Public Works Department will coordinate planning
and preparedness activities related to public works and engineering. Public
works provides a variety of specialized and heavy equipment, trained
equipment operators, plus technical and engineering staff.
3. Principal support agencies will identify resources and personnel available
and designate a coordinator for their resources.
II. POLICIES
A. Appropriate local agencies, volunteer and private sector resources will be used as
available to provide assistance for public works and engineering activities.
B. Debris clearance and road repairs will be given priority to support immediate life-
saving emergency response activities.
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C. Public works and engineering requirements which cannot be met at the local level
will be escalated upward for State, then Federal assistance if needed.
D. Agencies will perform tasks within their own policies, authority and guidelines
for providing public works and engineering services.
E. Additional information can be found in Revised Code of Washington (RCW)
43.19.450, Department of Enterprise Services.
III. SITUATION
A. Emergency/Disaster Conditions and Hazards
Emergencies, both natural (tornadoes, floods, and droughts) and technological
(contamination of water supplies, etc.) can have profound effects on the public
services and utilities in Franklin County. The ability to quickly remove debris
and repair roads, bridges, railways, and air/sea ports is essential to minimizing the
health, safety and economic impact of a disaster.
B. Planning Assumptions
1. Rapid assessment of the involved area(s) will be initiated to determine
critical needs and priorities. Resources, including personnel, will be
identified, prioritized, and managed based on critical needs.
2. Actions to support immediate lifesaving response, such as clearing debris
and emergency repair of critical roads and streets will be given high
priority.
3. Policies and procedures for response to emergencies will be established by
the Director of each Public Works or Engineering Department.
4. Engineering support not available through the public agencies will be
obtained from private sector firms.
5. During and after emergencies, public utilities will operate within their
authorized service areas and according to their respective charters.
6. Requests for public works resources that cannot be filled locally will be
forwarded through Emergency Management channels to State
government.
IV. CONCEPT OF OPERATIONS
A. General
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2021 - CEMP p. ESF 3 - 3
1. City/Franklin County Public Works will provide engineering expertise and
equipment to complete damage assessment and conduct debris clearance.
2. City/Franklin County will also coordinate the response of other agencies,
equipment and representatives and function as a liaison to the Emergency
Coordination Center.
3. Close coordination will be maintained between county and local
jurisdiction officials to determine potential tasks. The tasks will be
determined jointly after a Proclamation of Emergency is enacted by the
highest official(s).
4. The City/County Engineer is in charge of all county roads and bridges and
the local jurisdiction Engineer is in charge of roads of the municipality.
Operations begin with support to law enforcement, emergency medical
and fire services and damage assessment teams.
5. If needs exceed local resources the FCEM ECC/EOC can contact the
Washington State Military Department, Emergency Management Division
(WAEMD)/ State Emergency Operation Center (SEOC) for assistance.
The federal government may render assistance if needs exceed the
capabilities of the county and state, provided the event has received a
Presidential Declaration of Disaster.
B. Organization
1. Franklin County Public Works (FCPW): FCPW is a County department
headed by the Director of Public Works, who reports to the Franklin
County Board of Commissioners. The Public Works Department consists
of engineering staff, vehicle maintenance and road maintenance personnel.
FCPW has direct operational responsibility for maintenance and repair of
the County road network. In addition, FCPW has coordination
responsibility for the solid waste disposal service providers in the county
and is responsible for debris clearance.
2. Municipal Public Works/Engineering Departments. The Municipal
Public Works and Engineering Departments are elements of the respective
city governments. The manager or director of public works reports to the
respective Mayor or City Manager.
3. Building Departments. The county and local jurisdictions conduct
services such as building and structure assessments and enforcement of
building codes. They are organized to identify vulnerabilities to structures
based on specific criteria and regulations.
4. Port District. The Pasco Port has transportation, excavation, snow plows,
pumps and other equipment to support public works functions.
Franklin County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan Emergency Support Function 3: Public Works and Engineering
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5. Franklin County Public Utility District (PUD). This publicly owned
utility district has an array of equipment that can be utilized during an
emergency or disaster. The company employs linemen, systems analysts,
hydro-electrical and vehicle mechanics and engineers. They employ
public information, customer service and administrative staff.
C. Mitigation Activities
Public works departments, in partnership with FCEM, are responsible for
identifying potential natural and technological disasters. Public works
departments will provide current development support along with monitoring and
coordinating implementation of mitigation measures aimed to reduce or prevent
damages caused by these events. Building a strong alliance with FCEM is key to
promoting mitigation action plans such as floodplain and floodwater plots, storm
water and drainage plans, and transportation and roadway (including bridges)
plans. Mitigation action plans should include strategies for implementing the
mitigation measures, including information on the responsible agency, time
frame, cost estimate, funding source, and a statement of measurable results.
D. Preparedness Activities
All jurisdictions with Public Works and Engineering Departments will maintain
emergency call lists, operating procedures and emergency engineering resources
and update them as needed.
E. Response
1. All jurisdictions with Public Works or Engineering Departments will
provide Franklin County Emergency Management with current damage
assessment information; provide the Emergency Coordination Center with
a single point of contact for emergency operations; and, conduct
operations in accordance with internal procedures for emergency
operations and disaster response.
2. Public works and Engineering Departments will coordinate the
mobilization of personnel and equipment required for emergency
engineering/repair of roads and facilities, perform emergency debris
removal to protect lives and property, and assist with conducting damage
assessment operations for public facilities.
3. Upon receipt of mobilization authorization, the County Engineer and City
Public Works Directors will alert personnel and begin emergency
engineering operations consistent with operating procedures.
4. Franklin County Emergency Management will activate the Emergency
Coordination Center, notify Washington State Emergency Operations
Center, and coordinate emergency public information related to
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2021 - CEMP p. ESF 3 - 5
engineering activities with engineering departments and with the Public
Information Officer.
5. Public Works will invoke their debris removal plans as appropriate and
their Field Divisions will implement those plans. Public Works have a pre-
approved list of contractors that can be utilized to support the response.
6. The city of Pasco, Public Works, has a Water Utility Emergency Response
Plan as well.
F. Recovery
1. Franklin County Emergency Management will coordinate with State and
Federal engineering services agencies to coordinate Federal public
assistance claims and grants for repair/reconstruction on vital facilities.
2. Franklin County Emergency Management will assist in compiling damage
assessment reports and act upon request for State and Federal Assistance
as needed.
3. Franklin County ECC staff will advise the Emergency Chairman or MAC
Group, who will determine priorities among users if adequate utility
supply is not available to meet all essential needs, and coordinate
supporting resources for utility restoration and repair to meet essential
needs.
4. Public Works and Engineering Departments will perform repairs and/or
reconstruction on vital facilities and roads and document costs on a
worksite-by-worksite basis with a special accounting/cost code.
V. RESPONSIBILITIES
A. Primary Agency: City/Franklin County Public Works
1. Provide a representative to the ECC/EOC to fill the position of Public
Works Coordinator. The Public Works Coordinator will coordinate
emergency Public Works and Engineering activities, assess needs and
resources, establish priorities and advise the Emergency Manager on
utilization of those resources.
2. Identify the needs and appropriate responses and facilitate interactions
between different public works departments during an emergency.
3. Direction and control of the operational capabilities for engineering and
public works will reside with the respective Directors or Managers of the
Public Works departments.
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4. Coordinate the issuance of permits to do work on county and city
roadways, and coordinate the inspection of public utility services installed
in road rights-of-way.
5. Coordinate the issuance of permits for transport of overweight equipment
and loads during emergencies.
B. Support Agencies:
1. City/County Building Departments
a. Advise the Public Works Coordinator of their department's
capabilities and availability of staff, equipment and materials.
b. Ensure compliance with the State statutes and local codes through
inspection, review of design, construction management, and
issuing of required permits.
c. Deploy available resources to support emergency engineering,
repair, reconstruction and restoration of services.
2. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
a. USACE will act as needed in response to flooding under PL 84-
99. The Corps will also provide support to state and local
engineering efforts if a Presidential Major Disaster Declaration is
in effect and if FEMA has issued a mission assignment to the
Corps.
3. Private Sector Companies
a. Private industry such as the Associated General Contractors (AGC)
of America, can provide inspection services, heavy equipment, and
trained operators to supplement local and state emergency
engineering efforts. Washington State has two chapters of AGC of
America: Seattle and Spokane.
b. Other local private resources have been identified and may be
available to the jurisdiction.
4. Franklin County Emergency Management
a. Support emergency operations through the ECC by aiding in
coordination of resource ordering and tracking.
b. Deploy available resources to support engineering, repair,
reconstruction and restoration services through the ECC and MAC
Group
VI. RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS
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Pasco PW and FCPW have made available its resources of road maintenance and
construction equipment, including graders, loaders, dump trucks and trailers for
transporting heavy equipment. Each support agency has general-purpose and specialized
equipment and resources that may be useful in emergency conditions. Inventories of
these resources will not be maintained as part of this plan but will maintained as part of
the Public Works Coordinator's working references in the ECC/EOC.
FCPW has its own radio net for control of its resources and operations. Key FCPW staff
and supervisors are assigned cellular phones.
Pasco Public have issued cell phones to their key PW staff and supervisors. Pasco PW
utilizes the VHF/800 Mhz radios that are maintained at the FC ECC/EOC during
emergency operations.
VII. REFERENCES
See Appendix 3
VIII. TERMS AND DEFINITIONS
See Appendix 4
Franklin County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan Emergency Support Function 4: Firefighting
2021 - CEMP p. ESF 4 - 1
EMERGENCY SUPPORT FUNCTION 4
FIREFIGHTING
Primary Agencies: Fire Districts/Departments
Support Agencies: Emergency Management
SECOMM Center (9-1-1 Dispatch)
Law Enforcement
Public Works
Emergency Medical Services
Washington State Patrol
I. INTRODUCTION
A. Purpose
To establish policies for effective coordination between fire agencies and units in
detection and suppression of wildland, rural, and urban fires; whether occurring
independently, or in addition to other disasters. These policies also address the
coordination of fire agencies and units for the performance of specialized rescue
operations, technical rescue, HAZMAT and emergency medical services,
coordination between fire service and other agencies such as law enforcement,
and any other events requiring fire response.
B. Scope
ESF #4 manages and coordinates firefighting activities, including the detection
and suppression of fires on Federal, State and local lands, and provides personnel,
equipment, and supplies in support of State, tribal, and local agencies involved in
wildland, rural, and urban firefighting operations. Only two fire agencies within
Franklin County have EMS as part of their operations – Pasco Fire and Franklin
County Fire District #3. The North Franklin Public Hospital District #1 provides
EMS coverage to some portions of rural Franklin County, but there are areas
without any EMS in Franklin County. Mainly in the North Eastern portion of the
county.
Mitigation activities for this ESF include:
• Public Education and outreach programs
• Fire Code Inspections
• Prescribed burning and weed/brush suppression
• Participation in the Local Emergency Planning Committees (LEPCs) to
facilitate communication between fire agencies and industries and
industrial hazards.
• Community Wildfire Protection Plans (CWPP)
C. Preparedness
Franklin County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan Emergency Support Function 4: Firefighting
2021 - CEMP p. ESF 4 - 2
1. Local fire and EMS departments and agencies develop SOPs in
accordance with state and local regulations, as well as this plan. They
acquire and maintain necessary supplies and equipment, and train
personnel in their use. Training all personnel in the implementation and
use of the Incident Command System is imperative. Contributing to the
development and maintenance of this plan and participation in
emergency/disaster exercises and drills are also a major part of
preparedness.
2. Local fire agencies participate in the development of emergency plans
such as this Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan (CEMP) and
others like the Community Wildfire Protection Plan (CWPP).
D. Response
1. Franklin County Emergency Management will activate the Emergency
Coordination Center, issue warnings, notify appropriate agencies of
emergency situations as necessary, coordinate resource needs during any
incident. FCEM will submit resource requests to the Washington State
Emergency Operations Center (SEOC) for local response agencies through
an ordering program called WebEOC that the Washington State EOC
manages.
2. Franklin County Emergency Management will activate the Emergency
Alert System (EAS) and/or CodeRED as necessary, and coordinate with
the fire service Public Information Officers in dissemination of emergency
public information.
3. The Washington State Patrol will serve as the WSP Resources Coordinator
when the Washington State Fire Services Resource Mobilization Plan is
activated. Provide staff to the SEOC to coordinate fire activities. May
request resources from DNR through the interagency agreement when the
Washington State Fire Services Resource Mobilization Plan is activated.
4. Response of fire services will be dependent on the type and severity of the
disaster. Response functions could range from small scale fire suppres-
sion and control to incidents affecting large sections of the population.
5. If it appears that existing resources are inadequate (exclusive of mutual
aid), FCEM will assist, as requested, in procuring necessary resources
throughout the Southeast Region and Washington State Fire Mobilization
Plan.
6. If the FC ECC is activated, a Fire Coordinator will be sent to the
Emergency Coordination Center and may serve as a liaison for the
Incident Commander. The Fire Coordinator will serve as ESF #4 in the
FC ECC and is responsible for procuring/coordinating additional resources
needed on the scene.
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E. Recovery
1. Each department, agency and individual shall maintain accurate records
of the incident. They will be responsible for maintaining disaster and
recovery expense records for future possible reimbursement. Financial
issues such as supplies used, equipment lost or damaged, wages for hours
worked including overtime, and other costs require documentation before
reimbursement is issued. If emergency vehicles, communications
equipment, or stations are damaged, special contracts may be needed for
their quick repair or replacement, and temporary or long-term
arrangements may be needed. During the Recovery phase, it is imperative
to maintain communication and coordination with the FCEM ECC. Fire
departments and districts may provide public information regarding
safety issues as people return to their homes and businesses.
Departments, districts, and individuals involved in the emergency or
disaster should participate in post event reviews and critiques, and
contribute to written reports regarding observations and
recommendations.
2. Support for the fire/EMS personnel is also part of recovery and returning
to normal operations. This support may include counseling, or Critical
Incident Stress Management (CISM).
3. Fire Departments will continue to communicate with the FC ECC and
coordinate recovery activities, as priorities and resources allow. They will
continue to assist with damage assessment reports and other requirements
necessary for obtaining financial assistance for the county and involved
cities or towns.
V. RESPONSIBILITIES
A. Primary Agencies: Local Fire Agencies
1. Support state firefighting activities consistent with this ESF and the
Washington State Fire Services Resource Mobilization Plan.
B. Support Agencies
1. SECOMM Center
a. The on-duty dispatcher, upon receipt of information that a fire or
disaster has occurred, or may occur, shall be responsible for
initiating notification of city or county fire districts according to
established procedure.
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b. As requested by the IC, provide a dedicated fire dispatcher to
coordinate communications between the Emergency Coordination
Center and field units, and coordinate with the other Expanded
Resource Order Coordinator (EROC) at the SECOMM center.
c. Franklin County Emergency Management personnel may deploy to
the Benton EOC to assist the EROC and SECOMM as
requested/needed.
2. Franklin County Emergency Management
a. Serve as a point of contact for fire service requests for local, state,
and federal disaster-related assets and services.
b. Provide logistical and other support to fire service agencies upon
request, and will assist the fire services ECC representative in
coordinating fire functions as needed/requested in the FC ECC.
c. Maintain a list of resources for the fire departments and districts in
Franklin County to help facilitate mutual aid requests.
VI. RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS
1. Joint primary and support agencies will provide personnel, facilities and
equipment necessary to support firefighting activities.
2. Once local and state resources are exhausted, resources may be requested
through the Emergency Mutual Aid Compact (EMAC) process.
VII. REFERENCES
See Appendix 3
VIII. TERMS AND DEFINITIONS
See Appendix 4
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EMERGENCY SUPPORT FUNCTION 5
EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT
Primary Agency: Franklin County Emergency Management
Support Agencies: Chief Elected Officials
Local Government Agencies
Fire Services
Law Enforcement
American Red Cross
Public Works
I. INTRODUCTION
A. Purpose
The purpose of this portion of the Emergency Support Function (ESF) is to
provide for the effective direction, control, and coordination of emergency
management activities, during emergency or disaster operations and to assist in
the continued operation of local government during and after emergencies and
disasters.
B. Policies
1. If an emergency or disaster is beyond the normal capabilities of local
government, a local declaration of emergency is made by the heads of the
involved governments in accordance with Revised Code of Washington
RCW 36.40.180 for counties and RCW 35.33.081 for cities. The
declaration is vetted by the jurisdiction’s legal counsel, then the
declaration is prepared by Franklin County Emergency Management
(FCEM), and is approved and signed by the heads of government as an
ordinance or resolution. This declaration is a prerequisite for state and
federal assistance.
2. The elected executive officials, department heads and other key officials
may operate from the Emergency Coordination Center (ECC)/EOC or an
alternative Command Post during emergency or disaster situations.
Information regarding the situation will be coordinated at the ECC/EOC
and the elected and/or senior government officials will make the policy
decisions.
3. FCEM in cooperation with the incident agency(ies) coordinates local
capabilities and resources needed to alleviate or lessen the impact of a
disaster or emergency. When the situation is determined to be beyond the
capabilities of local government, FCEM also provides the necessary
liaison for state and federal assistance.
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4. The National Incident Management System provides a standardized
approach to field command and control of emergency or disaster response
and recovery operations. The National Incident Management System
(NIMS) has been adopted by Franklin County, the four incorporated
municipalities, and fire districts within Franklin County.
5. The Franklin County ECC/EOC will assist in providing a standardized
approach to the process of coordinating incident objectives, priorities,
authorities, and costs between the incident agencies based upon developed
intelligence and input from assisting and cooperating agencies. The
standardized approach will be based on the Multi-Agency Coordination
(MAC) Group concept and principles. The MAC Group concept is
primarily applicable to accomplishing the coordination between incident
agencies required for a united effort in responding to and recovering from
a major emergency or disaster.
II. AUTHORITY
Unless otherwise specifically exempted by controlling laws, emergency/disaster response
organizations are subject to all the policies, procedures, rules, regulations and laws that
apply to the daily operations of the incident agency(ies), including the authority to
borrow, purchase, contract for or otherwise obtain the personnel, equipment, supplies,
land or facilities required to respond to and overcome an emergency or disaster. All
authority(ies) not specifically delegated to emergency/disaster response personnel
identified by name or response position are retained by the incident agency(ies).
III. CONCEPT OF OPERATIONS
A. Legislative Authority
1. Board of County Commissioners:
The Board of Commissioners of Franklin County is responsible for policy
actions or decisions during an emergency or disaster, within the scope of
their powers. In the event a majority of the Board is not available, the
remaining one Commissioner may make decisions dealing with an
occurring emergency or disaster. If no commissioners are available, and in
accordance with Franklin County Resolution Number 2021-253 in
reference to continuity of government, the order of succession of authority
will be:
1. A single Commissioner 4. County Sheriff
2. County Administrator 5. County Treasurer
3. County Prosecutor 6. County Auditor
2. Mayors and City Government:
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The legislative authority of each city is responsible for policy actions or
decisions during an emergency or disaster, within the scope of their
powers. In the event a majority of the City Council is not available, the
remaining Council may make decisions dealing with an occurring
emergency or disaster.
B. Designation of Successors
Decision-making succession authority will occur if the senior elected or appointed
official is not available to make policy decisions. Succession of authority will first
and foremost be in accordance with the city or county policies. Upon the
availability of any elected executive official, succession to non-elected personnel
will cease.
IV. INCIDENT COMMAND SYSTEM
Homeland Security Presidential Directive/HSPD-5 - Management of Domestic
Incidents. This directive provides direction enhance the ability of the United States to
manage domestic incidents by establishing a single, comprehensive national incident
management system (NIMS).
The Franklin County Emergency Coordination/Operations Center has implemented the
concept of phased activation in order to effectively utilize resources and reduce
operational costs. The phased activation of direction and control personnel within the
emergency operations center is consistent with the concept of modularity. The concepts
included in this document are only a guide and are not intended to interfere with the
sound application of professional judgment with regard to appropriate staffing levels for
exercising multi-agency coordination during an actual major emergency or disaster.
A. Level 3 - MONITORING ACTIVATION
Level 3 is the routine activation level in which FCEM conducts their normal/daily
emergency management responsibilities. The FCEM employees manage and
coordinate incidents in cooperation with the SEOC.
B. Level 2 – PARTIAL ACTIVATION
Level 2 activation is for enhanced operations where an incident could potentially
grow to the point where the Incident Commander could need assistance
coordinating resources. The most senior FCEM staff will call in additional FCEM
staff as needed and appropriate. One or more of the FC-ECC/EOC functions
(Operations, Planning, Logistics, or Finance/Administration) activate to support
the incident or the impacted jurisdictions. The ECC/EOC staff will continue to
monitor and process requests for assistance from the incident. The WA-SEOC
will be notified and a mission number should be requested by the FCEM
ECC/EOC. The SEOC may activate ESFs as needed/dictated by the incident.
Level 2 activation has, at a minimum, the required positions for ECC/EOC to be
declared operational. All the ECC/EOC functions (Operations, Planning,
Logistics, and Finance/Administration) activate to support the incident or the
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impacted jurisdiction(s). All positions should be notified to respond to the
ECC/EOC, and if not responding, put on standby. Local agencies/departments and
volunteers are utilized to fill Emergency Support Functions (ESFs) as dictated by
the incident.
Preparations for a declaration of emergency will start at this stage, but ultimately
is the decision of the Emergency Chairperson. National Guard assets may be
requested or put on standby for support of this incident.
Additionally, Level 2 ECC/EOC activation is the minimal staffing level required
to perform threat assessment activities and provide resource coordination support
during the response to an actual emergency situation requiring or potentially
requiring mobilization of state or federal response resources in addition to full
utilization of local and mutual aid resources. Generally, this level of activation
should be employed for emergency situations that have not been contained or
controlled, will last more than one but less than four operational periods, or
involves significant threat potential to life, property or community economic
stability. An incident requiring Level 2 ECC/EOC activation should be evaluated
for a local Emergency Proclamation based upon a determination of whether the
emergency is of such severity and magnitude that effective response is beyond the
capabilities of the incident agency(ies) to both:
• respond to the emergency or disaster, and
• respond to emergent/daily operational needs
Level 2 activation of the Franklin County Emergency Coordination Center may
require a more formal effort to establish direction and control because:
• local and mutual aid resources are fully engaged
• the incident agency incident command resources may be insufficient
• mobilization of state and federal resources may be required
• A Type 3 Incident management Team may be mobilized for the response.
• The incident agencies may represent several response disciplines or levels
of government
C. Level 1 – FULL ACTIVATION
Level 1 is for major and/or catastrophic events. Most, if not all, ESFs will be
involved in the response. A declaration of emergency will be completed for this
event. The situation should be evaluated for a request of a state or federal
emergency or disaster designation. State assets/support such as the National
Guard will be requested.
Level 1 ECC/EOC activation is the level required to provide resource
coordination support during the response to an actual major emergency/disaster
situation requiring mobilization of state or federal response resources in addition
to full utilization of local and mutual aid resources. Level 1 activation should be
employed for emergency situations that have not been contained or controlled,
will last more than four operational periods, pose a significant threat to life,
property or community economic stability, or will require recovery planning.
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Level 1 activation of the Franklin County Emergency Coordination Center
requires a major direction and control effort because:
• local and mutual aid resources from many agencies are fully engaged
• the incident agency(ies) incident command resources are, most likely,
insufficient to maintain a reasonable or optimal span of control
• state, federal and private resources have or will be mobilized for response
• a state or federal Type 3, Type 2 or Type 1 incident management team
may be activated and will require a Delegation of Authority coordinated
between numerous incident agencies
• the state or federal incident management team will not be familiar with
local incident agency financial policies, rules, regulations or laws
• detailed resource management records will be needed for any
reimbursement and potential legal proceedings
• volunteer labor and donated equipment, services and supplies may require
application of scarce field command and control personnel
• incident resource management provisions apply because the incident
financial package will be used to support claims either from state
mobilization fund or federal reimbursement
D. Emergency Coordination/Operations Center
1. ECC/EOC Activation, the Franklin County Emergency Management
Director will advise the chief elected official of the impacted jurisdiction,
during an emergency, as to the status of the emergency and recommend
the activation of the ECC/EOC as appropriate.
2. The primary ECC/EOC for Franklin County is located at 1011 E.
Ainsworth St., Pasco, WA. The Alternate ECC/EOC is the located at 1016
N. 4th, Pasco, WA, or 651 Truman Ave, Richland, WA - this is the Benton
County Emergency Management Office. Any public agency’s facilities
and equipment may be called upon and utilized during a declared
emergency.
3. ECC/EOC Personnel and Staffing:
a. The need for ECC/EOC staff will expand and contract during the
various phases of the disaster, with the largest commitment of
personnel usually required during the response phase.
b. During a major emergency or disaster, it may become necessary to
support the ECC/EOC with personnel from varying departments.
All Directors, Supervisors, Chiefs and other department heads,
agencies and local political subdivisions should provide personnel
to support the ECC/EOC.
c. Persons assigned ECC/EOC duties must be prepared to respond
during emergencies. They should also attend one ECC/EOC
orientation each year and participate in scheduled exercises and
training events.
4. See Figure 1 for Organizational Chart of the ECC/EOC
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E. Equipment
1. The representatives from respective response agencies should bring hand-
held radios to the ECC/EOC for communication with their agency.
2. Comprehensive Emergency Management Net (CEMNET) Radio – The
Washington State Military Department, Emergency Management Division
(WAEMD) operates a statewide, very high frequency (VHF) low-band
radio system, as the primary backup communication link between the
WAEMD/ State Emergency Operations Center (SEOC) and local
ECC/EOCs throughout the state.
3. Amateur radios – The ECC/EOC has VHF voice and data and UHF voice
amateur radio capability.
4. Telephones –each position in the ECC/EOC has a telephone. All calls
come into the main ECC/EOC telephone number - (509) 545-3546, the fax
# is 509 545-2139.
5. Alert Notification System can be accessed in the ECC/EOC. The
CodeRED Emergency Notification System can provide geographical
warning to Franklin County residents and businesses. The system has
white page phone numbers and MCAG/dispatch data. Citizens can ‘opt-in’
and provide additional contact information: unlisted phone numbers, cell
phone numbers, email, text messaging (SMS) and Telecommunication
Device for the Deaf (TTY). The ENS can also provide notification of
contacts that are manually entered in the system.
6. Computers – The ECC/EOC has some computers available. Responders
are asked to bring their own laptops to the ECC/EOC. Wi-Fi and direct
network connections are available.
7. Backup-up emergency generator power is available at the ECC/EOC
location at 1011 E. Ainsworth St., Pasco. There are a back up emergency
generator utilizing diesel fuel that powers the designated portions of the
facility.
8. The Emergency Alert System (EAS) – EAS is located at the ECC/EOC
and is radio and web based as well. It can be activated by FCEM remotely
or at the ECC/EOC.
9. CodeRED is an Electronic Telephonic Notification System (ETNS) that
has Wireless Emergency Alert capabilities integrated into it. CodeRED
can target very small to entire county area to notify residents and transient
populations of information. This system can be remotely operated as well.
F. Coordination
1. The use and allocation of regional and state resources to support an
emergency operation need to be coordinated through the ECC/EOC.
2. Requests for Washington State and Federal resources will be made
through the ECC/EOC.
G. Continuity of Government
1. Each political subdivision shall adopt rules and regulations providing for
appointment of temporary interim successors to the elected and appointed
offices of the political subdivisions. (RCW 42.14.070)
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2. Executive heads of all departments and agencies of county and city to
assure continuity of leadership and operation in the event they are not
available during the time of an emergency. An alternate operations office
should also be designated in the event the normal office is unusable. The
successors are to be made aware of their emergency responsibilities and
receive appropriate training.
3. All departments, agencies, and commissions shall identify essential
records and take actions to protect those records during a disaster or
emergency operation.
V. INFORMATION ANALYSIS AND PLANNING
A. Purpose
The purpose of this portion of the Emergency Support Function (ESF) is to
provide guidelines for collecting, analyzing, and sharing information about a
potential or actual emergency or disaster in Franklin County; to enhance response
and recovery activities.
B. Scope
This portion of the ESF applies to agencies and jurisdictions that are expected to
coordinate with, or receive assistance from FCEM or ECC/EOC during an
emergency or disaster.
It is essential that all available emergency information is collected, processed and
disseminated appropriately to provide for efficient and effective planning and
reporting.
It is critical to facilitate warning, public information, emergency response,
disaster analysis, resource management, damage assessment and recovery
operations and efforts.
It is especially important in escalating incidents such as wildfires, severe weather
and flooding where forecasting plays a critical part in the response plan of action.
The analysis and planning for every type of emergency or disaster is beyond the
scope of this ESF.
C. Policies
1. FCEM will disseminate current and accurate information and request the
same from county agencies and volunteer organizations during times of
ECC/EOC activations.
2. FCEM will only request information that is necessary to support response
and recovery activities.
3. The analysis of this information, planning for anticipated resources will
occur in support of emergency or disaster response and recovery activities.
D. Planning Assumptions
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1. Urgent response requirements during an emergency or disaster, or the
threat of one, and to plan for continuing response and recovery activities,
necessitates the immediate and continuing collection processing, and
dissemination of situational information.
2. Information, especially during the early phases of the event, may be
inaccurate, ambiguous, conflict with information from other sources or
with previous information from the same source, or be limited in detail.
3. The FCEM ECC/EOC, command post or other designated location will be
used as the point of contact for all information coordination.
4. Individual jurisdictions and agencies will be very busy with the event and
information and updates provided to the ECC/EOC will be delayed or
overlooked.
5. Citizens and/or the media may be unknowingly or purposefully spreading
speculation and rumors.
6. Information and reports to the ECC/EOC will improve as the
situation/event progresses.
7. Information collection may be hampered due to many factors including,
but not limited to: damage to communication systems; communication
systems overload; damage to the transportation infrastructure; and effects
of weather, smoke, and other environmental factors.
8. First responders will respond according to their standard operating
guides/procedures/plans and as their training levels/certifications allow.
9. Nothing in the CEMP or specifically this ESF usurps, over-rides, takes
precedent over existing laws, RCW’s, WACs, responder
SOPs/SOGs/procedures and ability to respond based on training
levels/certifications.
10. Assessment of damage impacts and ECC/EOC operations will be delayed
due to minimal staffing. Local governments impacted the most will be
given priority for assistance and support as needed and available.
11. During the early stages of the event little information will be available and
the information received may be vague and inaccurate, verification of this
information and caution can delay response to inquiries.
12. Reporting from the local government to the ECC/EOC will improve as the
event matures.
13. Reporting of information may be delayed due to the damage of the
telecommunications infrastructure.
VI. CONCEPT OF OPERATIONS
A. General
1. Information will be coordinated from the FCEM ECC/EOC or other
designated point, as appropriate to the incident.
2. Information will be used for planning purposes and to inform all involved
agencies on the situation and actions.
3. The IC is responsible for providing situation reports and periodic updates.
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4. Jurisdiction, incident agency, and volunteer organization representatives in
the ECC/EOC will assist with meeting the information needs. This will
include maintaining contact with their field representatives for reports and
updates. Additionally, the FCEM ECC/EOC may need to request
information from other local jurisdictions or agencies, as well as other
governmental entities.
5. The Planning Section of ICS in the FCEM ECC/EOC is responsible for
the management of the information received in the ECC/EOC. This
section will be responsible to collect, analyze report and display the
current information. From this information, action plans will be developed
as needed.
6. Individual jurisdiction and agency representatives in the FCEM ECC/EOC
will share information they receive from their field representatives by
posting on boards, making announcements, routing messages to other
ECC/EOC staff, or preparing periodic situation reports.
7. FCEM, or designated point, shall provide situation reports to the
Washington State Military Department, Emergency Management Division
(WAEMD)/ State Emergency Operations Center (SEOC) as appropriate.
This includes transmission of local declarations of emergencies. This will
be done by the best means available.
B. Organization
FCEM is the primary agency for the coordination, collection, and dissemination
of information during ECC/EOC activations.
The FCEM ECC/EOC is organized under the basic concepts of ICS, and consists
of several functional areas, including: Policy/Decision Section which includes the
FCEM Manager and PIO, the Administration/Finance, the Operations Section, the
Communication Section and the Support Section. Other sections or sub-sections
may be added as needed. The various agency and jurisdiction representatives
within the FCEM ECC/EOC function in, or are components of one or more of
these sections or subsections.
C. Mitigation Activities
Primary Agency - FCEM
1. Develop and maintain the Franklin County Multi-jurisdictional Hazard
Mitigation Plan that is based on the Franklin County Hazard Identification
and Vulnerability Analysis (HIVA) (Appendix 7 of this CEMP). Ensure
the plan is approved by WAEMD and FEMA Region X.
2. Coordinate with support agencies to develop projects to reduce the effects
of hazards.
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Support Agencies
1. Seek opportunities to implement projects identified in the hazard
mitigation plan and Franklin County Community Wildfire Protection Plan.
2. Recommend changes to these plans to FCEM.
D. Preparedness
Primary Agency – Franklin County Emergency Management
1. Develop and maintain liaison with support agencies. Encourage
preparedness activities including training, drills and exercises.
2. Assist support agencies with training, drills and exercises.
3. Develop and maintain the process for information coordination during an
emergency or disaster.
4. Develop and distribute reporting formats and systems.
5. Utilizes: various types and styles of maps and map boards, status and
display boards and charts, providing standardized reporting formats,
message forms, templates, and other resources to assist in displaying and
sharing information.
6. Maintain the readiness of the FCEM ECC/EOC to support field incident
commanders. Ensure communication systems such as the fax, modem,
phone lines, and CEMNET radio and functional, and provide coordination
with Amateur Radio Emergency Services (ARES) for their
communication assets.
7. Provide training to designated ECC/EOC staff.
Support Agencies
1. Develop and maintain procedures for information coordination during an
emergency or disaster.
2. Maintain readiness to respond, recover or support community incidences.
Conduct training, exercises and drills.
E. Response Activities
Primary Agency - FCEM
1. Implement the information analysis and planning process.
2. Analyze provided information and distribute to appropriate agencies.
3. Coordinate and prepare periodic situational reports and other necessary
information for local officials and the WA SEOC.
4. Request special information from local agencies and volunteer
organizations, as necessary.
Support Agencies
1. Provide information to FCEM ECC/EOC.
2. Keep FCEM ECC/EOC apprised of agency status.
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3. Collect information from their field representatives, and share that
information with the Planning Section coordinator and other ECC/EOC
staff as appropriate.
4. Analyze the information specific to their jurisdiction, agency, or
organization, and make recommendations to the Planning Section
coordinator or FCEM ECC/EOC on actions to be taken.
5. Provide information on the status of their facilities and programs to
FCEMECC, as necessary.
6. FCEM ECC Planning Section (in coordination with other ICS sections)
a. Collects and displays the information provided to the FCEM
ECC/EOC staff
b. Analyzes the information provided, and shares it with the appropriate
FCEM ECC/EOC representative(s).
c. Analyzes information provided, and develops and recommends action
strategies.
d. Coordinates and prepares periodic Situation Reports.
e. Requests special information from local jurisdictions, agencies, and
volunteer organizations, as necessary.
f. Assists the Policy/Decision Section and/or the Administration/Finance
Section with preparing a County declaration of emergency or disaster,
as needed.
F. Recovery Activities
Primary Agencies - FCEM
1. Prepares, maintain and finalize situation reports and information displays,
as required.
2. Continues to gather and post information, as necessary.
3. Continues to analyze information, assist with developing recovery plans,
and maintains written records and documents for the event.
4. Implement Damage Assessment process per ESF 14 – Long Term
Community Recovery.
5. Assist with preparing a written termination of the declaration of
emergency or disaster, when appropriate.
6. Coordinates after-action reports, and provides updates to the WAEMD
SEOC as necessary.
Support Agencies
1. Continue to collect and analyze information from field representatives
regarding recovery, share that information with other FCEM ECC/EOC
staff, and make appropriate recommendations.
2. Prepare Situation reports, and after-action reports as requested.
3. Assist in collection of damage assessment information and coordinate
activities with FCEM ECC/EOC.
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4. Coordinate with field representatives and staff regarding
demobilization/deactivation procedures and actions.
VII. RESPONSIBILITIES
Primary Agency - FCEM
1. Coordinates the collection, analysis, planning and sharing of information
about potential or actual emergencies or disasters that could affect
Franklin County. Assures that action plans are developed and
implemented, as appropriate.
2. Provide timely and complete reports and updates to the Washington State
Emergency Operations Center and other necessary agencies.
Support Agencies
1. Supports the Franklin County EM/ECC/EOC in the collection, analysis
and sharing of information about potential or actual emergencies.
Contributes to the development of action plans and assists with their
implementation as appropriate.
2. Provide all necessary incident information to Franklin County EM or
ECC/EOC.
3. Participate in the analysis and planning functions.
4. Provide requested maps, property description, forecasts, predictions,
display information and other tools to Franklin County EM or ECC/EOC.
5. ICs will establish and maintain a planning section function for each
incident and coordinate information with FCEM/ECC/EOC.
VIII. ADMINISTRATION AND FINANCE
A. Purpose
This portion of ESF 5 provides guidance to jurisdictions, agencies, and
organizations on administrative/finance matters necessary to support emergency
or disaster operations.
B. Concept of Operations
Incidents should be and typically are managed at the lowest possible geographic,
organizational, and jurisdictional level.
It should be noted, that state and federal financial assistance for disaster response
is not automatic. The incident agency has the primary obligation of providing the
financial resources necessary to respond to and overcome an emergency or
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disaster. Resources requested from the state, federal or local governments are not
provided free of charge. Therefore, when requesting assistance from local
governments, the state, or federal agencies it must be determined how the
response cost of the resource is going to be paid prior to mobilization of the
resource.
1. All incident management activities will be initiated and conducted using
the principles of NIMS.
2. Potential incident agencies within Benton County shall establish, by plan,
resolution, ordinance or other legal means, procedures for:
• Declaring an emergency pursuant to RCW 39.04.280 or an
equivalent statute.
• Establishing a legal funding source for paying emergency
response/recovery costs pursuant to RCW or other applicable local,
state or federal law
• RCW 35.33.081 – Non debatable emergency expenditures
• RCW 35.33.091 – Emergency expenditures
• RCW 35.33.147 – Contingency fund - withdrawals
• RCW 36.40.140 – Emergencies subject to hearing
• RCW 36.40.180 – Nondebatable emergencies
• RCW 36.40.190 – Payment of emergency warrants
3. Mobilizing personnel with authority or establishing procedures for
delegating authority to encumber and/or expend those funds by purchase
or contract.
4. Top priorities for incident financial management are to:
• Facilitate the procurement of and payment for emergency response
resources including
• Personnel
• Equipment
• Supplies
• Services
• Create and preserve documentation of emergency response
purchases, contracts, equipment usage, personnel costs and other
response costs,
• Create and preserve documentation of any claims for injury or
damage associated with emergency response;
• Monitor or audit the procurement and other financial aspects of the
emergency response for compliance with applicable local, state or
federal rule, regulation or law.
• Provide reliable estimates of incurred response costs and predicted
future response and recovery costs
• Create and preserve the financial documentation required to
facilitate any recovery or reimbursement of emergency response
Franklin County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan Emergency Support Function 5: Emergency Management
2021 - CEMP p. ESF 5 - 14
and recovery costs allowed by agreement or contract, or allowed
by local, state or federal rule, regulation or law.
C. Plan Changes, Maintenance and Review Process
1. Proposed changes to this plan will be accepted at any time, especially after
a major emergency, disaster, exercise or anytime a key component/piece
changes.
2. Plan changes will be published either using an entire new publication, by
subsection, or by publishing only those pages that have changes. The
changes are to be recorded on the Record of Revisions form.
3. The normal review period will be every four years. It is the intent to
conduct an informal review of the plan each year and publish the
appropriate changes annually. It is the responsibility of the BCEM to
coordinate the reviews and to publish any changes that may be necessary.
4. Changes to the Appendices and Emergency Support Functions (ESFs) will
be coordinated with the agencies and organization impacted by the
particular Appendix or ESF.
IX. REFERENCES
See Appendix 3
X. TERMS AND DEFINITIONS
See Appendix 4
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2021 - CEMP p. ESF 5 - 15
FIGURE 1
ECC/EOC ORGANIZATION CHART
Emergency Manager/Incident Agency/MAC
(Sheriff, Commissioners, Mayors, City Managers)
Operations Section
Law Enforcement
Fire
Public Works
ARC
Dispatch
Planning Section
GIS Mapping
Facility
Liaison/technical
Specialists
Agriculture
WA EMD
WA National
Guard
Logistics Section
Transportation
Resource
Tracking
Amateur Radio
Finance/Admin Section
Finance tracking
Security
Message Control
Public
Information Health Officer
Legal Officer
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EMERGENCY SUPPORT FUNCTION 6
MASS CARE, EMERGENCY ASSISTANCE, HOUSING AND HUMAN SERVICES
Primary Agency: American Red Cross (ARC)
Support Agencies: Franklin County Emergency Management
Amateur Radio Emergency Services
Pasco School District No. 1
North Franklin School District No. J-51
Star School District No. 54
Kahlotus School District No. 56
Benton-Franklin Health District
Benton-Franklin Humane Society
Law Enforcement Agencies
Fire Protection Districts/Fire Departments
Salvation Army
I. INTRODUCTION
A. Purpose
The purpose of this Emergency Support Function (ESF) is to coordinate the
efforts of providing shelter, feeding, and emergency first aid following an
emergency or disaster requiring response assistance, to operate a Disaster Welfare
Information (DWI) system to collect, receive and report information about the
status of victims and assist with family reunification within the affected area, and
to coordinate bulk distribution of emergency relief supplies vital to the delivery of
services to victims following the event.
B. Scope
In the event of a major disaster all or any part of Franklin County could be
impacted in such a way that residents might have to evacuate their homes. If such
a situation arises; ways will be needed to feed and shelter a large number of
citizens.
Initial response activities will focus on meeting urgent needs of victims on a mass
care basis. Recovery assistance, such as temporary housing, and loans and grants
for individuals under the traditional disaster assistance programs of the Federal
Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) and other federal agencies’ initial
recovery efforts, may commence as response activities are taking place. Likewise,
the provision of the customary American Red Cross (ARC) disaster services of
Emergency Assistance and Additional Assistance will be considered based on the
Franklin County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan Emergency Support Function 6: Mass Care
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needs of the victims, the situation, and available resources. As recovery activities
are introduced, close coordination will be required between those federal agencies
responsible for recovery activities, and voluntary agencies providing recovery
assistance, including the Central and Southeastern Washington (CSEW) Chapter
of the ARC.
The ARC independently will provide mass care to disaster victims as part of a
broad program of disaster relief, as outlined in charter provisions enacted by the
United States Congress, Act of January 5, 1905, and the Disaster Relief Act of
l974 (P.L. 93-288, as amended by the Stafford Act of 2000).
The ARC will assume primary agency responsibility under the National Response
Framework (NRF) to coordinate federal response assistance to the mass care
response of Washington State and Franklin County, and the efforts of other
voluntary agencies, including ARC relief operations.
The Benton Franklin Humane Society will coordinate the response of county
agencies in assisting local and volunteer organizations to provide all animals
affected by the disaster with emergency medical care; evacuation; rescue;
temporary confinement, shelter, food and water; and identification for return to
the owner.
1. Mass Care includes: Includes coordinating sheltering, feeding, emergency
first aid, disaster welfare information and distribution of relief items.
a. Shelter: The provision of emergency shelter for victims includes the
use of designated shelter sites in existing structures, creation of
temporary facilities such as tent cities, or the temporary construction
of shelters, and use of similar facilities outside the affected area,
should evacuation be necessary.
b. Feeding: The provision for feeding victims and emergency workers
through a combination of fixed sites, mobile feeding units, and bulk
food distribution. Such operations will be based on sound nutritional
standards and will include provisions for meeting dietary requirements
of victims with special dietary needs.
c. Emergency First Aid: Emergency first aid services will be provided to
victims and workers at mass care facilities and at designated sites
within the affected area. This emergency first aid service will be
supplemental to emergency health and medical services
established to meet the needs of the victims.
d. Disaster Welfare Information: Disaster Welfare Information (DWI)
regarding individuals residing within the affected area will be
collected and provided to immediate family members outside the area
though a DWI System. DWI will also be provided to aid in
reunification of family members within the area who were separated at
the time of the event.
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e. Bulk Distribution of Emergency Relief Items: Sites will be established
within the affected area for distribution of emergency relief items. The
bulk distribution of these relief items will be determined by the
requirement to meet urgent needs of victims for essential items. (Also
see ESF 11 – Agriculture and Natural Resources)
2. Housing: Includes determining the needs of disaster victims for temporary
housing.
3. Human Services: Includes the support to disaster victims for immediate short
term crisis counseling related to the anxieties, stress, and trauma associated
with a disaster. It also includes the identification of individuals and families
with special needs for assistance. It supports processing of social and health
benefits under state and federal programs.
II. POLICIES
1. To the maximum extent possible during emergency conditions, reception and
mass care of people and animals will be carried out in compliance with public
laws, zoning requirements and health/safety regulations pertaining to the housing
and care of people and animals. The plans and procedures of agencies carrying
out this function will comply with the standards established by the American Red
Cross, as set forth in the CSEW Chapter Disaster Response Plan.
2. ESF 6 will be implemented upon the appropriate request for assistance following
an event.
3. Appropriate federal, state, and local jurisdiction, voluntary agency, and private
sector resources will be used as available with the ARC taking the role as lead
agency.
4. The CSEW Chapter of the American Red Cross (ARC) shall periodically survey
their identified shelters as to their capabilities and contact information. Shelter
records will be maintained by the ARC.
5. Services will be provided without regard to economic status or racial, religious,
political, ethnic, or other affiliation.
6. This ESF will not supersede ARC response and relief activities and operations
that conform to the ARC Board of Governors’ Disaster Services Policy
Regulations and Procedures: ARC will maintain administrative and financial
control over its activities.
7. Information about those injured and remaining within the affected area, and
casualties evacuated from the affected area to other medical facilities, will be
limited to that provided by local medical care facilities, either directly or through
the ARC’s Disaster Reunification System. This system, nor the American Red
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Cross in general, do not handle informing others on condition of individuals
involved the disaster.
8. The CSEW Chapter of the American Red Cross, and the Benton Franklin Humane
Society may be asked to participate in planning meetings, training, and exercises.
9. Benton Franklin Health Department will provide appropriate support before,
during, and following disasters as outlined in the Healthcare Systems
Preparedness Plan
III. SITUATION
A. Emergency/Disaster Conditions and Hazards
1. There are some hazards (such as hazardous material releases, radiological
threats, floods, and fires) for which the best protection for residents may
be to evacuate them to a safe location until the danger has passed.
2. Franklin County is subject to a variety of hazards that could cause an
immediate threat to the citizens in their homes. Some of these hazards
may occur in such a manner that would cause immediate harm to
personnel exposed to the threat. Emergencies of this nature might not
allow adequate time for evacuation depending on the nature of the threat,
weather conditions, and time of day and evacuation route
availability/capacity. In these instances it may be necessary to Shelter-in-
Place.
B. Assumptions
1. During normal situations, the development of emergency welfare
programs, capabilities and training will be emphasized to ensure
provisions of welfare (basic human needs) and welfare-related services
following the impact period of disasters.
2. The CSEW chapter of the ARC will provide training in Reunification and
Care Center operations to a sufficient number of people to ensure that
congregate managers are available when needed. Additionally, the ARC
will assist FEMA in coordinating volunteer agencies that may assist in
providing care for evacuated citizens.
3. The CSEW chapter of the ARC and other volunteer agencies will be
available and willing to assist in locating, evaluating, staffing and
operating reunification centers and mass care shelters in Franklin County
in accordance with ARC Program Guidance “Disaster Response
Handbook (August 2006) and mass care feeding and sheltering.
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4. Research indicates that only about 20 to 30% of any evacuated population
will require the services of a public mass care facility. Accordingly, in
planning for Mass Care operations, FCEM will prepare for 25% of the
population at risk using such shelters.
5. Most people who evacuate when requested will be able to provide their
own shelter by staying with friends or relatives in a location outside the
risk area.
6. Mass care will normally be carried out during and immediately after the
emergency until individual services can be provided. Mass care services
are usually provided for less than a week.
7. Many shelters can be used for protection from certain types of hazards in
addition to being used for mass care following a disaster.
8. For most conceivable emergency conditions, appropriate shelter facilities
will be available within the County but outside of the immediate hazard
area and away from possible secondary effects (smoke, explosion
potential, airborne hazardous materials, etc.).
9. When asked to leave their homes and businesses to avoid exposure to a
hazard, most citizens will cooperate if given sufficient emergency
information to perceive the validity of the threat. However, some citizens
will refuse to leave the homes.
10. With an adequate public education campaign tied to the individual and
family protection program, the public can be expected to understand the
procedures needed for effective shelter-in-place during an emergency.
IV. CONCEPT OF OPERATIONS
A. General
1. Reunification and Mass Care activities will be performed according to
procedures and plans of the American Red Cross. Evacuee registration,
regardless of care needs, will be accomplished by the ARC.
2. Initial response activities will focus on meeting urgent needs of victims on
a mass care basis. Services provided will be based on the needs of victims,
the situation, and available resources. As recovery activities are
introduced, close coordination will be required between those agencies
responsible for recovery activities, and voluntary agencies providing
recovery assistance.
3. The respective county of city officials may authorize use of county or city
facilities and resources in support of mass care. In addition, they may enter
into contracts with local businesses or agencies for additional resources or
facilities.
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4. Companion animals may be allowed in shelters for humans. While there
may be temporary animal shelters next to shelters for humans, this cannot
always be expected. Arrangements for companion animals will be
coordinated by the Red Cross, either at the shelter or with a partner
organization. Service animals (seeing-eye dogs, etc.) may be allowed in
shelters.
5. The primary Mass Care facilities will be public buildings, supplemented
on an as-needed basis by private buildings.
6. The Benton-Franklin Humane Society will coordinate efforts to provide
water, food, and shelter and other physical needs to animals. They will
coordinate with the Emergency PIO to ensure that information is provided
on the location of animal shelters and other animal-related matters.
B. Organization
CENTRAL AND SOUTHEASTERN WASHINGTON, AMERICAN RED
CROSS: The CSEW Chapter of the American Red Cross is the primary support
agency under this ESF. The ARC is a non-governmental social service agency.
The local ARC Operations Manager via the ARC Government Liaison assigned to
the County ECC advises the Emergency Manager in the ECC and provides overall
direction for the CSEW chapter efforts under this plan. Designated Shelter
Managers are responsible for establishing and operating individual shelters in
accordance with ARC guidelines and procedures.
C. Procedures
1. American Red Cross
Central and Southeastern Washington American Red Cross Disaster
Response Plan and National ARC Program Guidance Documents
2. Franklin County Emergency Management
Emergency Contact Lists
3. Benton-Franklin Humane Society
Pet Care Plan
D. Mitigation
FCEM will provide educational materials to the public on how to accomplish
"Shelter-in-Place." This material will be included with individual and family
protection program materials, which are the primary public education effort of
FCEM.
E. Preparedness
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1. The ARC will provide training in shelter operations for sufficient numbers
of volunteers to effectively carry out the provisions of this plan. The
FCEM will assist ARC in determining shelter location.
2. The Franklin County Public Information Officer/staff will prepare
emergency public information for dissemination to the public and
emergency workers on:
• Public shelter location
• Transportation, parking, and movement plans
• What to bring to a shelter
• How to take care of family pets
3. The ARC, with assistance from FCEM, will coordinate the activities of all
local agencies in this plan for the provision of mass care, and to ensure
operational capabilities.
4. The ARC will select, evaluate and designate facilities for mass care in
cooperation with FCEM to ensure facilities are located in safe zones.
F. Response
1. The ARC will locate shelters for use during an emergency situation and
inform essential workers and mass care agencies to stand by.
2. In cooperation with the ARC, FCEM will provide the public with
information concerning the establishment, location of, and routes to
shelter facilities.
3. The ARC will determine approximate population that can be
accommodated in each shelter and activate amateur radio volunteers for a
backup communications system.
4. During emergency situations, all levels of government will continue or
expand regular welfare programs, and in cooperation with private
organizations, conduct emergency welfare operations to effectively utilize
all welfare resources.
5. If a Presidential Declaration has been made, emergency welfare assistance
will be made available on an individual basis through one of the Individual
and Family Grant (IFG) programs administered by either the Federal
Emergency Management Agency or a state agency.
6. When necessary, FCEM will issue instructions through the Emergency
Alert System and other public channels on procedures for immediate
Shelter-in-Place actions.
G. Recovery
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1. FCEM will keep the public informed of available mass care emergency
welfare services and recovery assistance programs, and continue to
coordinate needed mass care resources.
2. FCEM and the ARC will continue to coordinate public information
regarding emergency assistance centers and status of the emergency.
3. The ARC will coordinate with the County Emergency Operations Center
(EOC) to close shelters and take the actions necessary to restore the
center(s) to pre-emergency conditions. The ARC will keep records of all
costs incurred during the operation of the Reunification and Mass Care
center(s).
4. FCEM and ARC will cooperate in completing damage assessments
necessary for receiving a Presidential or other disaster declaration, which
will enable individual and public assistance programs.
V. RESPONSIBILITIES
A. Primary Agency: American Red Cross
The ARC is the primary agency responsible for the Reunification and Mass Care
Function. The ARC will:
1. Supervise and carry out the establishment of shelter facilities (except in
the case of nuclear attack or radiological terrorism) and establish
provisions for dispersing emergency welfare goods and services according
the CSEW Disaster Response Plan.
2. Interface with all other volunteer agencies in the area to ensure that
adequate shelters are available for the populations at risk, and that all
human needs are being met. This includes emergency lodging, food,
clothing, and other necessities.
3. Provide advance training in mass care operations for a sufficient
number of persons to enable the provisions of this plan to be carried out.
4. Coordinate with the Benton-Franklin Humane Society and FCEM
to ensure that provisions are made for the care of family pets and livestock
during an emergency.
5. Identify all shelter spaces within the county and plan for their
effective occupancy during time of emergency.
6. Register evacuees who do not require emergency assistance.
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7. Provide a liaison to the Franklin County Emergency Operations
Center when activated.
B. Support Agencies:
1. Franklin County Emergency Management
FCEM will:
• Provide the public with information concerning the establishment of
mass care facilities. FCEM will notify supporting agencies of other
public shelter plans and expected support requirements.
• Maintain liaison with the Washington State Military Department's
Emergency Management Division and its available resources.
• Provide educational materials to the public on how to accomplish
"Shelter-in-Place." This material will be included with the individual
and family protection program materials which are the primary public
education effort of FCEM.
2. Law Enforcement Agencies
Franklin County law enforcement agencies will establish security,
maintain law and order, and provide crowd and traffic controls at such
public shelters that are within the jurisdiction of the participating law
enforcement agency, as deemed necessary by the FCEM and ARC.
3. Health Department
Benton-Franklin Health Department will:
• Establish emergency environmental health controls for public shelters
to include: sanitation requirements; waste disposal; noise; ventilation;
and water quality.
• Support the provision of medical care and referral for evacuees
arriving at, or present in shelters run by the ARC.
4. Salvation Army - Community Church Groups
The Salvation Army and community volunteer groups will collect and
distribute food, clothing and other supplies, and provide welfare services.
5. Benton-Franklin Humane Society
The Benton-Franklin Humane Society will work with FCEM and the ARC
to care for pets of citizens who are staying in a mass care facility.
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6. Fire Departments-Fire Protection Districts
Fire protection agencies will assist in opening the Reunification and Mass
Care Center. Fire personnel may be asked to assist with traffic control
duties at the Reunification and Care Center. They will be asked to assist
the EMS providers located at the Reunification and Care Centers
throughout the county with basic first aid.
7. Franklin County School Districts
School Districts will work with ARC, FCEM, and community volunteer
groups to set up and maintain Reunification and Mass Care facilities on
School Property.
VI. RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS
A. The county will provide space, communications and administrative support for
the Mass Care Representative at the County EOC.
B. Resources which may have to be mobilized in support of mass care activities
include the transportation of cots and blankets, sleeping bags, portable toilets,
water container, cooking equipment, registration forms, first aid and shelter
medical supplies, vehicles for transport of personnel and supplies, and tables and
chairs.
C. Additional resource requirements may be found in the operating guidance and
implementing procedures of the organizations involved under this Reunification
and Mass Care Function.
VII. REFERENCES
See Appendix 3
VIII. TERMS AND DEFINITIONS
See Appendix 4
Franklin County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan Emergency Support Function 7: Logistics/Resource Support
2021 – CEMP p. ESF 7 - 1
EMERGENCY SUPPORT FUNCTION 7
LOGISTICS & RESOURCE SUPPORT
Primary Agency: Franklin County Emergency Management (FCEM)
Support Agencies: American Red Cross (ARC)
County and City Government
I. INTRODUCTION
A. Purpose
1. To provide guidance for logistical and resource support following an
emergency or disaster.
2. To provide efficient utilization and conservation of available resources
during an emergency or disaster situation.
3. To provide a framework for requesting, obtaining, allocating and utilizing
additional resources.
4. To provide a framework for the process to establish mandatory controls on
essential materials, supplies and services during and after major disasters, if
adequate resources are not or will not be available.
B. Scope
This Emergency Support Function (ESF) primarily applies to operations during
major events that would have a widespread and complex impact on the county
and its citizens. However, any incident has the potential to require specific
resource management activities with the operation.
Resource support involves the provision of services, personnel, commodities and
facilities to local government during the response and recovery phases of an
emergency or disaster. This includes emergency relief supplies, office space
procurement, office equipment, office supplies, telecommunication, security
services, contracting services, transportation services, and personnel required to
support emergency activities.
The Franklin County Emergency Coordination/Operation Center (ECC)
coordinates resources and support agencies and organizations including the
County and cities resources, volunteer groups, businesses and community service
organizations.
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2021 – CEMP p. ESF 7 - 2
II. POLICIES
To the maximum extent possible during emergency conditions, resource acquisition and
management will be performed according to the Uniform Commercial Code and local,
state, and federal laws regarding donated materials, the use of government or privately-
owned resources, and labor.
Franklin County Emergency operations functions are based on the Constitution and
Revised Code of Washington (RCW) governing emergency management, which includes
references regarding resource procurement, etc.
1. Washington State Constitution. Article 8, Section 7, “No county, city, town
or other municipal corporation shall hereafter give any money, or property,
or loan its money, or credit to or in aid of any individual, association,
company or corporation,…”
2. Washington State RCW
A. RCW 38.52.070 - Emergency Contracts and Obligations
B. RCW 38.52.110 - Use of existing resources; command the service
and equipment of the citizens.
III. SITUATION
A. Emergency/Disaster Conditions and Hazards
1. A significant emergency or disaster will severely damage, or limit access
to the local resource infrastructure.
2. Several emergency and disaster scenarios, such as earthquakes, floods or
wildfires could require extensive resource management and coordination.
Potential situations could occur during a disaster situation that would
isolate the county or specific areas of the county and restrict available
resource support.
3. Another situation might be a lack of specific resources necessary for
emergency response activities.
4. An extreme situation could also develop that might require the elected
legislative authorities of the county to invoke local resource restrictions or
economic controls to assure an acceptable level of recovery and response.
B. Assumptions
1. All county and city organizations, services, and facilities can be utilized
during a disaster. The Incident Command System (ICS) will be the
response framework utilized.
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2. RCW 38.52 and WAC 118.04 provide for the classification, registration,
and utilization of emergency services workers and describe emergency
services worker compensation and immunity responsibilities.
3. Normal methods of communication will be overloaded or interrupted
during the early phases of an emergency or disaster.
4. Transportation to and within the affected area will be impaired or
disrupted due to blocked or damage roads, bridges, airports, or railways.
5. Initially, there will be sufficient local and mutual aid resources necessary
for emergency operations.
6. Following an emergency or disaster, there will be a need to provide a
variety of resources and services to the affected area.
7. In a large emergency or disaster situation, request for and utilization of
outside resources will often become necessary.
8. Voluntary controls will be encouraged, however mandatory controls may
be invoked for a short time and only where feasible. The cooperation of
the private sector is essential to meet emergency demands for allocation of
resources.
9. Voluntary cooperation and response to emergency events by organized
personnel resources is essential for the execution of emergency plans.
10. Volunteer labor and material donations will supplement available
emergency resources.
11. The management and logistics of resource support will require extensive
coordination and personnel. A system will need to be established to
record and utilize donated goods and services, and for the management
and support of spontaneous volunteers.
12. The free market economy and existing systems will be maintained to the
maximum extent possible.
IV. CONCEPT OF OPERATIONS
A. General
1. This ESF will be implemented upon notification of a potential or actual
major emergency or disaster. Implementing this ESF will be the
mechanism for providing support activity to other ESFs.
2. Actions undertaken by this ESF will be coordinated by personnel in the
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ECC.
3. Individuals and agencies providing response capabilities under this plan
will provide for their own resource needs during the initial phase of any
emergency.
4. Multi-agency response will use the Incident Command System (ICS)
response structure/framework.
5. As initial supplies and resources are exhausted, response agencies are
expected to draw on their respective staff reserves and normal sources of
supply to the extent possible, keeping the ECC informed of their needs.
6. Overall resource tracking and allocation efforts will be under the direction
of the designated ECC Logistics/Operations Coordinator.
7. The Logistics/Operations Coordinator will be assisted by the ARC
representative assigned as Coordinator of Donated Goods and Services.
8. Housing of emergency workers and labor will be in accordance with ESF
6 - Mass Care.
9. The Franklin County Commissioners and the respective Mayors/City
Councils have the responsibility and authority to allocate resources and
invoke economic and other controls, if the situation warrants.
10. When appropriate, private agricultural, industrial, commercial, financial,
or other services may assist local government in an advisory capacity with
emergency resource distribution and mobilization policies or control
programs.
11. Local community service organizations, with the American Red Cross
(ARC) being the lead agency will manage donated goods and services.
The ARC will determine receiving points for donated goods.
B. Organization
1. The group of individuals with the ECC, designated as the Support Group
will coordinate resource support and management. The Support Group
will communicate and coordinate with the group of individuals with the
ECC designated as the MAC/Policy/Decision Group in support of this
ESF.
2. Authorization for expenditures, entering into contracts and other
administrative issues will come from the MAC/Policy/Decision Group.
3. The ARC will oversee and track donated material and volunteer resources.
The local ARC Operations Manager will advise the County Emergency
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Manager (through the Support Group Coordinator) of the nature and
quantity of donated materials available for use.
C. Mitigation
1. Work with support agencies to establish and review departmental roles
and responsibilities for preparedness, and for providing resource support
during the response and recovery phases of an emergency or disaster.
2. Risk Management provides technical assistance about potential liability
issues.
3. Identify essential personnel and staffing for internal and external support
requirements.
4. Identify emergency supplies needed for personnel.
5. Identify essential records, equipment, office supplies, and office space
requirements.
6. Identify additional transportation requirements and resources in support of
emergency or disaster.
7. Identify and prioritize internal activities that may require assistance from
Franklin County Emergency Management in an emergency or disaster.
D. Preparedness
1. Conduct emergency management training with ESF 7 support agencies.
2. Identify, develop and prioritize an inventory list of essential resource
requirements in an emergency or disaster in support of ESF 7.
3. Maintain and review ESF 7 and Mutual Aid agreements as needed.
Establish categories, qualifications and training requirements for classes of
emergency workers and recruit, register, and train local emergency
worker.
4. Identify pre-positioned distribution points for resources and public
assistance.
5. Identify, develop and prioritize an inventory list for essential response and
support agency resource requirements in an emergency or disaster.
6. Develop suggested Operating Procedures for Resource Management.
7. Ensure that all personnel are familiar with their roles during an incident.
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8. Participate in local emergency management meetings, trainings, exercises
and drills.
E. Response
1. Activate ECC or other location for resource management activities.
2. Coordinate, supervise, and manage the procurement, storage, and
distribution of supplies and equipment in an emergency or disaster through
the ECC.
3. Coordinate and disseminate public information concerning resource
availability through the PIO for distribution.
4. Keep ECC advised on resources status and needs.
5. Prioritize their resource needs, identify and prioritize their assets.
6. Coordinate with Emergency Management PIO regarding public
announcements and press releases concerning donations of goods,
services, and volunteers.
7. Provide support and coordination for managing spontaneous donations of
goods, services, and volunteers that are received.
8. Request other resources and support through WAEMD/SEOC as
necessary. Many state resources will require authorization from the
governor before they can be deployed to the county.
F. Recovery
1. Continue to support and coordinate response and recovery activities as
needed.
2. Follow appropriate policies and procedures in completing required
documentation to justify emergency services, purchases or expenditures.
3. FCEM will assist in the management and utilization of resources to
support priority survival and recovery activities to meet the needs of the
affected community.
4. Keep FCEM informed on resource status and needs.
5. Continue to support by providing available resources and coordinate
response and recovery activities as needed.
6. Continue to document the event and actions taken and document identified
or potential problems. Submit situation reports and after-action reports to
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2021 – CEMP p. ESF 7 - 7
the WAEMD/SEOC as needed.
7. Contribute to after action reports and revise plans and procedures as
necessary based on information learned from the event or disaster.
V. RESPONSIBILITIES
A. Primary Agency
1. Coordinate with the ARC, county, and city agencies that would respond to
an emergency and verify that they have a plan for utilizing volunteers and
donated materials.
2. Maintain communication with involved agencies and coordinate required
logistical and resource support.
3. Assist all other local agencies in establishing resource inventories and
resource management procedures.
4. Coordinate local requests through ECC and the SEOC utilizing WebEOC
or other coordination points.
5. Document and report on resource status and activity.
6. Coordinate local requests for out of area resources and maintain contact
with State EMD.
7. Coordinate activities with adjacent jurisdictions.
8. Document all activities and cost incurred.
B. Support Agencies
1. Establish a program for tracking community volunteer groups, assessing
their capabilities and managing the resources the groups could provide in
emergency conditions.
2. Assist FCEM by tracking the availability of resources during an
emergency and coordinating the acquisition of donated materials and
volunteer resources.
3. Help document the consumption of donated resources after an emergency
to aid in emergency planning.
4. County and City governments will develop plans for utilizing emergency
workers, and will assist local efforts as requested and within limits of
available resources and personnel.
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5. Work with FCEM/ECC to maintain resource inventories and operating
procedures.
6. Document all activities and costs incurred.
VI. RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS
Resources required by this ESF include personnel to track the capabilities of volunteer
organizations and material resources. Additional personnel will be necessary to
communicate resource availability to FCEM during emergency situations. Actual
response resources are also discussed in ESF 8 – Health and Medical Services, ESF 11 –
Agriculture and Natural Resources, and ESF 3 - Public Works and Engineering.
Additional resource requirements may be found in the implementing procedures and
operating guidance for organizations mobilized under this ESF.
VII. REFERENCES
A. Washington State Constitution, Article 8, Section 7
B. RCW 38.52.070 – Local orgs and joint local orgs authorized
C. RCW 38.52.110 – Use of existing services and facilities
D. RCW 43.19.200 – Surplus personal property – Donation to emergency shelters
Additionally, See Appendix 3
VIII. TERMS AND DEFINITIONS
See Appendix 4
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EMERGENCY SUPPORT FUNCTION 8
HEALTH AND MEDICAL SERVICES
Primary Agency: Benton-Franklin Health District (BFHD)
Supporting Agencies: Franklin County Emergency Management (FCEM)
Emergency Medical Services
Local Hospitals and Clinics
Southeast Communications Center (SECOMM)
Ambulance Companies (public and private)
Fire Departments and Fire Protection Districts
Franklin County Coroner
American Red Cross
Law Enforcement
Washington State Department of Health
The National Disaster Medical System (NDMS)
I. INTRODUCTION
A. Purpose
The purpose of this Emergency Support Function (ESF) is to provide Franklin County
with guidelines for preparedness and response relating to health in the event of an
event of natural or technological disaster, terrorism, epidemic disease, or other public
health emergency.
B. Scope
This ESF applies in all situations, all hazards, where it is necessary to mobilize public
health and medical resources to deal with threats to the population of Franklin
County. Such conditions might include transportation disasters, fires, pandemic,
floods, chemical, biological, radiation, and nuclear releases, explosions, hazardous
material releases, severe weather, earthquake or civil disturbance.
II. POLICIES
State coordinated health and medical assistance to local jurisdictions is directed by the
Washington Military Department through the Secretary of Health or the designated
representative.
Local jurisdictions will activate mutual aid agreements when their resources are depleted or
committed. Additional state and federal assistance will be requested through the Franklin
Franklin County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan Emergency Support Function 8: Health and Medical Services
2021 - CEMP p. ESF 8 - 2
County Emergency Management (FCEM) Emergency Coordination/Operations Center
(ECC/EOC), and coordinated and provided through the Washington State Military
Department, Emergency Management Division (WAEMD)/State Emergency Operations
Center (SEOC), when local public and private resources have been exhausted.
To the maximum extent possible during emergency conditions public health and medical
services will be conducted in accordance with the standard procedures and practices of the
providers. In a mass-casualty situation, the Emergency Operations organization will assist in
reducing the effects of the disaster by providing resource support and coordinating the
activities of emergency service workers and health care providers in conjunction with the
Tri-County Mass-Casualty Incident Plan.
Authorities
1. Revised Code of Washington (RCW) 43.20.050(5) in part states than all
police officers, sheriffs, constables and all other officers and employees of the state or
any county, city or township thereof, shall enforce all rules adopted by the State Board of
Health.
2. RCW 70.05.070 outlines the powers and duties of the local health officer.
It part, states that the local health officer shall control and prevent the spread of any
dangerous contagious or infectious disease that may occur in his/her jurisdiction.
3. Washington Administrative Code (WAC) 246-101-505 outlines the duties
of the local health officer or local health department. In part, states that local health
officers shall review and determine the appropriate action for instituting disease
prevention and infection control, isolation, detention and quarantine measures necessary
to prevent the spread of communicable disease, invoking the powers of the courts to
enforce these measures when necessary.
4. WAC 246-101-425 outlines the responsibilities of the general public. In
part, states that members of the general public shall cooperate with public health
authorities in the investigation of cases and suspected cases, and cooperate with the
implementation of infection control measures including isolation and quarantine.
III. SITUATION
A. Emergency/Disaster Conditions and Hazards
1. Despite the best efforts of government and other officials, emergencies and
disasters may cause injury and death to citizens and emergency workers.
Public officials have the responsibility to ensure that those injured or killed
during a disaster are cared for in the most effective and timely manner
possible.
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2. Several different agencies provide emergency medical services in Franklin
County. These include fire departments, fire protection districts and public
hospital districts. The level of services provided by both public and private
EMS ranges from Basic Life Support (BLS) to Advanced Life Support (ALS).
These units are responsible for primary response, treatment and transport.
3. A significant natural disaster, epidemic, technological or human event that
overwhelms Franklin County would necessitate both state and federal health
and medical assistance, in addition to mutual aid resources. For example, an
event resulting in as few as 25 to 50 patients could require extensive mutual
aid, and coordination of all involved health care facilities. Events such as
earthquakes or severe storms could result in significantly more patients,
depending on the location, time of day, and other factors.
4. Disruption to communication and/or transportation would cause further
complications. Large numbers of victims would stress the local medical
system, necessitating time critical assistance from the state and federal
government. Such a large disaster could pose a variety of public health threats,
including problems related to food, disease vectors, water, wastewater, solid
waste and mental health effects. Pets, livestock and wild animals may also be
affected, and could create health and safety problems.
5. Hospitals, clinics, nursing homes, pharmacies and other medical and health
facilities may be structurally damaged or destroyed. Facilities with little or no
structural damage may be unusable or only able to provide partial services due
to disruption of vital services such as communication, utilities, water or sewer.
Off-duty staff may not be able to report to work.
6. The psychological effects of a natural or man-made disaster or public health
event could have a severe impact on the community well. The implications of
such an event could cause panic among a wider population than actually is
affected, with greater numbers of people seeking treatment than have been
physically harmed. These individuals are referred to as “worried well”. Health
facilities still in operation will likely be overwhelmed by a large number of
incoming patients, including the “worried well” from the community, as well
as patients transferred from damaged or endangered health care facilities.
7. Local Hospitals have developed stand-alone plans for 96-hour capacity during
an emergency incident or triggers for evacuation due to compromise of key
infrastructure or resources within the 96-hour timeframe.
8. Uninjured individuals may have difficulty in obtaining their daily medications
because of damage to their homes or because of communication or
transportation problems or shortages of medication within the disaster area.
Persons with functional needs may be displaced from their homes or facilities
and have difficulties with access to care and necessary aids to daily living.
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9. Disasters such as fires and floods do not typically result in large numbers of
casualties. However, there may be a noticeable impact on health due to
evacuation, shelters, vector control, and returning water, wastewater, and solid
waste facilities to operation. Pets, livestock, and wild animals may also be
affected, and may become a health and safety problem.
10. An emergency resulting from an explosion, toxic gas or radiation release
could produce a large concentration of specialized injuries that would
overwhelm the local medical system. Additionally, this type of event may
result in other widespread health issues affecting food, water, and animals.
11. A mass casualty incident, epidemic or disaster could result in large numbers
of fatalities. Morgue facilities, transportation for the deceased, and related
supplies and equipment may be in short supply.
Specific situations with special considerations would include the following:
1. Radiological emergencies
2. Chemical/Hazardous materials emergencies
3. Widespread disease of epidemics
4. Terrorism
B. Assumptions
1. Organizations involved in this support function will operate according to their
own procedures as may be applicable to emergency medical care during mass
casualty incidents.
2. Since most field Emergency Medical Service providers within Franklin
County are either affiliated with or work closely with Fire
Departments/Districts, all responders on an event scene will operate under the
Incident Command system.
3. Emergency Medical Services (EMS), as referred to in this ESF, encompasses
the entire medical community, including: hospitals, fire services, physicians,
public health and medical support personnel in private practice, ambulances
and emergency aid transportation and organizations.
4. The primary objective of EMS in disaster is to ensure that basic and advanced
life support systems are organized and coordinated to provide prompt,
adequate and continuous care to disaster victims. A mutual aid agreement
exists for the South-Central Washington EMS Region consisting of Kittitas,
Yakima, Benton, Franklin, Walla Walla, and Columbia Counties. The
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2021 - CEMP p. ESF 8 - 5
signatories to this agreement will respond, when requested, in the event of
disaster.
5. Ambulance, firefighters and law enforcement training levels vary and the
level of service provided will correspond to the training received.
6. Resources within the affected area may be inadequate to clear casualties from
the scene or treat them in local hospitals. Additional medical capabilities will
be needed to supplement and assist local jurisdictions to triage and treat
casualties in the affected area, and then transport them to the appropriate
hospital or health care facility. Additionally, medical resupply will be needed
throughout the disaster area. It may be necessary to arrange for air
transportation to areas that have sufficient available hospital beds and where
patients will receive necessary definitive medical care.
IV. CONCEPT OF OPERATIONS
A. General
When there is a potential for, or occurrence of, a significant emergency or disaster, FCEM is
to be notified. This notification could be to advise of a need for some level of activation of
the FCEM ECC/EOC, or to pass on a request for assistance from the state.
a. When activated, the Franklin County Emergency Manager or designee
will request necessary personnel to staff the ECC/EOC.
b. Based on the situation, the BFHD and Region 8 Health, medical
facilities and response agencies will be notified of the potential for, or
occurrence of the event. This may be done by the response agencies, or
ECC/EOC staff, but the FCEM ECC/EOC is to verify that it is has
been completed.
c. Medical and health facilities, response agencies, and support agencies
will activate their own emergency or disaster procedures as needed for
the potential or actual event and will maintain communication with the
FCEM ECC/EOC as to needs and status.
d. In the event of a public health emergency where the BFHD or Region
8 Health EOC has been activated but not the FCEM ECC/EOC, the
Public Health Administrator or designee will notify the Director of
Emergency Management and the Washington State Secretary of
Health of the activation.
1. During emergency conditions, specifically those including mass casualties, the
three Tri-Cities area hospitals will coordinate the implementation of medical
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2021 - CEMP p. ESF 8 - 6
services in accordance with the Tri-County Mass Casualty Incident (MCI)
Plan.
2. Existing mutual aid agreements govern the operations of agencies under this
support function.
3. The Health Officer for the BFHD may assist in coordination and
implementation of medical and health services if existing plans and
agreements do not adequately serve the need.
4. Hospital Emergency Administrative Radio (HEAR) (155.340 MHZ) provides
a communication network between the hospital and some ambulance units in
Franklin County. Some ambulance units also have Medical Network
(MEDNET) on which to communicate with hospitals. Since most ambulance
units have the HEAR frequency, that is the designated frequency for disaster.
5. Once the FCEM ECC/EOC is operational, all Emergency Support Function
(ESF) 8 response and recovery activities will be directed from the ECC/EOC.
The BFHD is the lead agency for the ESF 8 Health and Medical Services.
FCEM ECC/EOC staff for ESF 8 will include the Benton – Franklin Public
Health Administrator or designee, and other technical staff as needed for the
event.
6. Necessary support agencies and organizations will be notified, and requested
to provide 24-hour representation to the FCEM ECC/EOC or be available by
direct communication. Each support agency and organization is responsible
for ensuring that sufficient staff is available to support the FCEM ECC/EOC
and carry out the activities tasked to their agency or organization on a
continuous basis. Individuals staffing the FCEM ECC/EOC, or acting as
liaison with the ECC/EOC, need to have extensive knowledge of the resources
and capabilities of their respective agencies or organizations, and have access
to the appropriate authority for committing those resources during response
and recovery operations.
7. The FCEM ECC/EOC and BFHD staff will maintain communication and
coordination with response agencies, medical and health facilities, and other
organizations and officials to identify current and projected medical and
public health status and requests for assistance. Written situation reports will
assist other ECC/EOC staff, and other officials with a need for this
information.
8. Response agencies and health care facilities will report needs or potential
needs to the FCEM ECC/EOC. Medical and health needs that cannot be met
with local and regional resources and mutual aid will be directed to the
Washington State Military Department, Emergency Management Division
(WAEMD)/State Emergency Operations Center (SEOC). WAEMD/SEOC
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may provide advice or technical assistance, and they may provide direct
support with personnel, equipment, and/or supplies
B. Organization
1. BENTON-FRANKLIN HEALTH DISTRICT: The Benton-Franklin
Health District Health Officer has overall responsibility for protection of the
health of the population within the District. The District Health Officer
reports to the Benton-Franklin Health District (BFHD) Board of Health,
which sets local health policy with guidance from the State Board of Health.
The BFHD Health District Board of Health is comprised of elected officials
from counties within the district.
2. Emergency Medical Services (EMS), law enforcement, fire departments and
other first responders operate under their directors and coordinate their
activities through the FCEM ECC/EOC
3. The Franklin County Coroner is responsible for mortuary service operations in
the event of an incident, as well as implementing ESF 8A the Franklin County
Mass Fatality Plan.
4. The local hospitals participate in local and regional disaster response plans
and will stay in communication with the FCEM ECC/EOC regarding situation
updates, their response activities, capacity status, public information
coordination, and other activities and information as is appropriate.
5. The American Red Cross (ARC) provides shelter, food, and mental health
support for evacuated and other displaced people and operates under its
organizational direction and coordinates its activities with the FCEM
ECC/EOC.
6. The FCEM ECC/EOC coordinates overall activities.
C. Mitigation
1. The ARC, BFHD, and FCEM will promote public education in their
respective areas regarding the importance of first aid and CPR training,
immunizations, and hygiene.
2. Emergency Medical Service Providers will be familiar with procedures for
multiple casualty and triage needs. These include but are not limited to
ambulance positions, initial patient assessment, evaluation of number of
rescue personnel needed, establishing triage areas, sorting of casualties,
information gathering and record keeping, and priorities for evacuation.
D. Preparedness
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1. FCEM will assist in the development, exercising, and revision of mass
casualty plans and procedures for any and all Emergency Medical Service
elements requesting such assistance.
2. Lourdes Medical Center, in Pasco, will maintain and regularly test their
individual disaster plans in accordance with established regulations.
E. Response
1. When called, Emergency Medical Service units will respond to the scene of
an emergency or disaster or to a designated staging area. Responding units
and support staff will function under the NIMS Unified Command structure
with the on-scene Incident Commander and maintain contact through normal
channels with the Fire Coordinator in the Emergency Coordination Center.
2. SECOMM will provide dispatch and coordination of Franklin County
emergency medical services in Franklin County.
Hospital Emergency Administrative Radio (HEAR) (155.340 MHZ) provides
a communication network between the hospital and some ambulance units in
Franklin County. Some ambulance units also have Medical Network
(MEDNET) on which to communicate with hospitals. Since most ambulance
units have the HEAR frequency, that is the designated frequency for disaster.
3. Three local hospitals and service providers will coordinate efforts in
accordance with the Tri-County Mass Casualty Incident Plan and the Disaster
Medical Coordination Center Hospital Plan to ensure that casualty loads are
distributed in a suitable manner. Additionally, BFHD and Region 8 Health
will advise and assist ECC/EOC personnel in managing medical resources as
conditions require.
4. The Franklin County Coroner will provide emergency information on mass
fatalities, body identification, and morgue operations for release through the
news media. The Coroner will coordinate morgue services, body
identification, and disposition of unclaimed bodies. The Franklin County
Coroner’s Office is responsible for managing and activating ESF 8A, the
Franklin County Mass Fatality Plan.
5. In exercising, ultimate responsibility for safeguarding the public health, the
Health Officer of the BFHD, in conjunction with the Coroner, may determine
the most appropriate method of handling the remains of victims. See ESF 8A
for more details.
6. Temporary morgues may be established at the direction of the Coroner. If
local resources for proper handling and disposition of the dead are exceeded,
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the State and/or Federal government may provide supplemental assistance for
the identification, movement, storage, and disposition of the dead. The
Coroner may make a request for such assistance through Franklin County
Emergency Management (FCEM.). See ESF 8A for more details.
F. Recovery
Benton-Franklin Health Department:
1. BFHD may advise FCEM on the availability of medical providers during the
emergency, and may assist in the coordination of necessary medical services.
Support and coordinate recovery activities consistent with their missions and
capabilities, including continued mental health support, public information
and education, and liaison with regional, state and federal agencies. Compile
after-action reports to coordinate and plan for future emergencies.
Franklin County Coroner, EMS and other agencies:
1. EMS providers will close triage and emergency staging/treatment areas,
recording the costs incurred during operation. Compile after-action reports to
coordinate and plan for future emergencies.
Support agencies - city/county departments, ARC and other volunteer/public/private
organizations:
1. ARC will ensure the coordinated use of area mental health services to provide
counseling services for those affected or traumatized by the emergency or
disaster. BFHD may advise the ARC on special needs or considerations for
those services
2. Support recovery activities consistent with their organization missions and
capabilities.
3. Provide after-action report input to BFHD for the after-action report of the
event.
V. RESPONSIBILITIES
Primary Agency: Benton Franklin Health District
The Benton County Public Health Administrator is the lead for ESF 8 – Health and Medical
Services response. BFHD’s responsibility is to identify and meet the health, safety and
medical needs of the people of Benton County in the event of an emergency or a disaster by
utilizing the BFHD’s existing expertise and personnel to provide:
• Surveillance.
• Response
• Event tracking.
• Rapid health risk assessment.
• Environmental health services.
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• Community education.
• Coordination with community partners.
• Dissemination of information.
• Event command and control through the Incident Command System.
• Post event recovery recommendations.
• Support to Franklin County Emergency Management in planning for, and providing
medical and public health assistance to local jurisdictions affected by an emergency
or disaster.
• Coordinate and maintain situation reports.
• Coordination with hospitals, clinics, and extended care facilities and FCEM
ECC/EOC staff, including, Region 8 Health, Benton County Coroner, and other
support agencies.
• Coordination establishment of alternate care facilities when needed outside of
existing hospitals.
• Assistance in the establishment of temporary morgues with the Franklin County
Coroner when needed (ESF 8A).
Other specific responsibilities
• Control of communicable disease, including isolation and quarantine if necessary.
• Local receipt and administration of the Strategic National Stockpile (SNS).
• Monitor quality of public water systems.
• Test and investigate reports of septic tank system problems.
• Approve and Inspect temporary food facilities.
• Investigate illegal dumping activities and inspect solid waste disposal facilities as
needed.
• Investigate reports of rodents, insects, and disease vectors and other environmental
health hazards, make recommendations or take corrective action as needed. Provide
liaison with mental health providers and mental health emergency support services
for assistance to citizens and victims.
• Provide liaison with the ARC and other relief and volunteer agencies re: mass care
facilities, shelters, feeding sites, first aid and other health and medical issues (The
ARC is limited to daily medications and helping meet activities of daily living
guidelines).
• Public Health Emergency Planning and Response
(a) All hazards emergency planning, preparedness and response.
(b) Biological and chemical hazards.
(c) Strategic National Stockpile (SNS) planning and response.
(d) Coordinate support health care and medical services in Benton County during
an emergency.
(e) Communications and information to health care providers.
(f) Coordinating Support for functional needs populations.
(g) Health support services for evacuation.
(h) Public information for health, medical and safety concerns.
(i) Potable water, wastewater, and solid waste disposal.
Support Agencies
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A. Franklin County Emergency Management
1. Provide logistical and other support to responders upon request from the
Incident Commander.
2. Provide public information as necessary.
3. Coordinate mass alert and warning of persons located in effected area.
4. Coordinate additional communication equipment as needed.
5. Maintain liaison with supporting agencies.
6. Provide needed information and documentation to Washington Military
Department, Emergency Management Division regarding emergency and/or
disaster declarations.
7. Provide planning and assist in SOP development support to emergency
medical service providers for mass casualty situations upon request.
8. Assist in exercise design and implementation to familiarize personnel with
multi-agency response, mass casualty, and triage, and will provide logistical
and resource support needed during any disaster incident.
B. Emergency Medical Services
1. Be familiar with all appropriate emergency and disaster plans and procedures,
and will participate in regular exercise of any such plans.
2. Hospital providers will maintain and regularly test their disaster plans in
cooperation with FCEM.
3. Respond as necessary to protect the public health during an emergency or
disaster.
C. Franklin County Coroner
1. Coordinate morgue services, body identification, and disposition of unclaimed
bodies.
2. Exercise statutory authority (under RCW 68) over bodies of all deceased
persons who have died suddenly while in apparent good health without
medical attention within the thirty-six hours preceding death.
3. Activate disaster procedures and Mass Fatality Plan – ESF 8A, upon
notification of an emergency involving ten or more casualties.
4. Provide emergency information on mass fatalities, body identification, and
morgue operations for release to the news media.
5. If necessary, designates sites/locations for temporary morgues in coordination
with the BFHD. There are specific considerations for potential temporary
morgue/s.
a. Refrigerated truck trailers may be used, but should have steel decks only.
b. Trailers used for hauling raw meat should be avoided.
c. Buildings used should have concrete or other non-porous flooring (not
wood), not used for food storage or processing, have large open areas and
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be fairly cool.
d. Psychological impact on owner/occupants of building will be considered.
Sites should have good access for large vehicles, including tractor/trailer
rigs.
e. Some possible sites include airport hangers, or facilities at the county
fairgrounds, such as the community service building.
D. American Red Cross
1. Coordinate services through the FCEM ECC/EOC.
2. Maintain lists of personnel with current Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation
(CPR) and First Aid training, and licensed volunteer nurses; especially
registered nurses (RNs) doctors, licensed practical nurses, and certified
nursing assistants.
3. Provide emergency first aid, supportive counseling, health care for minor
illnesses and injuries to victims in mass care shelters, selected disaster feeding
and/or clean-up areas, and other sites deemed necessary by the BFHD.
4. Supplement local existing health care system; subject to availability of staff.
5. Provide supportive counseling for the family members of the dead and
injured.
6. Provide available personnel to assist in alternate care facilities, immunization
clinics, morgues, hospitals, and nursing homes.
7. Acquaint families with available health care resources and services and make
appropriate referrals.
8. Provide blood and blood products through regional blood centers at the
request of the appropriate agency.
9. Provide coordination for uploading of appropriate patient casualty information
from ESF 8 into the Disaster Welfare Information System.
E. State
The Washington State Department of Health (DOH) directs and coordinates the
provision of health and medical assistance to fulfill the needs identified by the
authorities in the affected local jurisdictions. This includes the overall public health
response and recovery, triage, treatment and transportation of victims, and
evacuation of patients from the area of the event, utilizing resources available from:
1. Within the Washington State DOH
2. Supporting state departments and agencies
3. The National Disaster Medical System (NDMS), which extends to the federal
level
4. Other non-governmental sources such as major pharmaceutical suppliers,
hospital supply vendors, the Washington State Funeral Directors Association
and other volunteer organizations.
VI. PLAN PREPARATION & MAINTENANCE
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BFHD and FCEM are responsible for the plan preparation and maintenance of this
Emergency Support Function (ESF).
This ESF will be reviewed as required by the Washington Military Department, Emergency
Management Division. Any necessary updates and revisions are prepared and coordinated
between BFHD and FCEM based on local, state and national guidance and deficiencies
identified in exercises and emergencies.
Changes in this ESF will be coordinated by FCEM and distributed to all holders of the plan.
VII. RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS
Resources required by this ESF include medical service personnel and health professionals,
logistic support for coordinating emergency medical attention, and the resources required by
the implementing procedures and plans of the organizations operating under this support
function. Additional personnel will be necessary to communicate resource availability to
FCEM during emergency situations. Actual response resources are also discussed in ESF 1 -
Transportation, ESF 2 - Communications, ESF 6 - Mass Care, ESF 8 - ESF 9 - Search and
Rescue, ESF 4 - Fire Fighting, and the Tri-County Mass Casualty Incident (MCI) Plan.
VIII. REFERENCES
A. Attachment A: Activation and Operations Procedure and Notifications
B. Attachment B: Public Information
C. Attachment C: Mortuary Services
D. Benton-Franklin Health Department Emergency Response Plan
E. Mass Casualty Plan and Disaster Medical Coordination Center Plan
F. See CEMP Appendix 3
G. WA Emergency Management Division
WA Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan
ESF-8: Public Health, Medical, and Mortuary Services
• Appendix 1 (Emergency Medical Resources)
• Appendix 2 (Medical Surge Plan)
• Appendix 3 (Mass Fatality Incident Support)
• Appendix 4 (Pandemic Influenza and Viral Respiratory Disease Plan)
IX. TERMS AND DEFINITIONS
See CEMP Appendix 4
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EMERGENCY SUPPORT FUNCTION 8
HEALTH AND MEDICAL SERVICES
ATTACHMENT A
ACTIVATION AND OPERATIONS PROCEDURE AND NOTIFICATIONS
The activation of ESF 8 will be coordinated through the Franklin County Emergency
Management (FCEM) Emergency Coordination Center (ECC/EOC) under the direction of
the Emergency Manager and the Public Health Administrator or designee. BFHD will
maintain an activation list of Health Department staff by telephone and by location should
communications be interrupted.
Hospitals and clinics will be notified under the following circumstances:
1. A declared Public Health Emergency
2. In the event of possible or probable excessive demand on the capacity of hospitals
or walk-in clinics
3. In the event of unusual health threats requiring special preparations and/or
precautions, notification is to be follow-up promptly with information and
instructions appropriate to the emergency.
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Franklin County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan Emergency Support Function 8: Health and Medical Services
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EMERGENCY SUPPORT FUNCTION 8
HEALTH AND MEDICAL SERVICES
ATTACHMENT B
PUBLIC INFORMATION
Public Information relating to Health and Medical emergency response:
1. Will be communicated through the Franklin Emergency Management (FCEM)
Emergency Coordination Center (ECC/EOC) Public Information Officer
(PIO) in compliance with Appendix 9 – Limited English Proficiency.
2. Will be approved by the Benton-Franklin County Public Health Administrator
or the ranking Public Health professional on duty or their designee.
3. Will be preferentially based on previously prepared messages as is
appropriate.
4. Will be coordinated with the State Department of Health and regional
emergency response to ensure consistency of messages.
5. See also Franklin County CEMP, ESF 15 – Public Affairs.
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EMERGENCY SUPPORT FUNCTION 8
HEALTH AND MEDICAL SERVICES
ATTACHMENT C
MORTUARY SERVICES
I. PURPOSE
A. The purpose of the Mortuary Services attachment is to provide guidelines for
rapid response to events resulting in a large number of deaths.
II. POLICIES
A. The Washington State Department of Licensing, Funeral and Cemetery Unit
represents death care concerns of the state and provides liaison with the
Department of Health, medical examiners and coroners, licensed funeral
directors, embalmers, and funeral establishments, the Washington State
Funeral Directors Association, and the National Funeral Directors
Association.
B. If a disaster exceeds the resources of the local jurisdiction and its funeral
professionals, the funeral and cemetery unit will assist in the coordination
with the Washington State Funeral Directors Association and the National
Funeral Association to recruit the needed professionals to meet the needs. The
state and national funeral associations have Comprehensive Emergency
Management Plans in place.
C. Please refer to ESF 8A Mass Fatality Plan in this CEMP for more detail
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EMERGENCY SUPPORT FUNCTION 8A
MASS FATALITY PLAN
Primary Agency: Franklin County Coroner
Supporting Agencies: Franklin County Emergency Management
Local Hospitals
Local Funeral Directors
Benton-Franklin Health District
American Red Cross
Washington State EMD
Search and Rescue
Fire Protection Districts/Fire Departments
Franklin County Sheriff’s Office/Law Enforcement
I. INTRODUCTION
A. Purpose
The purpose of this support function is to coordinate, organize and mobilize the
Coroner’s office and mortuary services during a mass fatalities incident.
B. Scope
This plan supports Emergency Support Function (ESF) #8, Public Health & Medical
Services. Each supporting agency will do what is necessary to support the plan
within the scope of that agency’s responsibilities.
II. POLICIES
The Franklin County Coroner’s Office is responsible for the medical investigation of the
incident, including human factor considerations (e.g., toxicology) as defined by RCW 68.50.
A mass fatality incident does not diminish this responsibility. The coroner is in charge of the
documentation, examination, identification, recovery, disposition and certification of all
human remains as well as morgue operations.
III. SITUATION
A. General
1. Franklin County faces several hazards which could result in a large number of
deaths and exceed Franklin County’s capacity. Among these are natural
disasters such as earthquakes, transportation accidents, chemical, radiological
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or nuclear accidents, terrorist attacks, violent crimes and communicable
disease outbreaks.
2. A mass fatality incident involves an increase in the number of human remains
that must be processed. It may also include the processing of a crime scene,
where human remains and personal effects maybe evidence. Human remains
may need to be processed and stored in temporary facilities under the
supervision of the coroner before being released for final disposition. If the
human remains are located in a crime scene, there will be additional
considerations for evidence management, including but not limited to
managing chain of custody and proper documentation.
B. Assumptions
1. Organizations involved in this support function will operate according to their
own procedures as may be applicable for a mass fatality incident.
2. All Franklin County Agencies responding at an event scene will operate under
the Incident Command System.
3. Franklin County Emergency Management (FCEM) will activate their
Emergency Operations Center during a mass fatality incident.
4. Local infrastructure maybe damaged or destroyed during a mass fatality
incident, requiring either mutual aid from adjoining counties or state and
federal agencies.
5. A mutual aid agreement exists between Region 8 Health Department and local
hospitals that are located in Klickitat, Yakima, Benton, and Walla Walla
Counties that would assist Franklin County when requested in the event of a
mass fatality incident.
6. Region 8 Coroner Emergency Response Trailer is also available upon request
to the coroners’ within the Region 8 boundaries. The Benton County Coroner
has keys to this trailer and maintains the inventory of supplies. The trailer and
supplies are made available by contacting South East Communications
(SECOMM - 911dispatch center).
7. In the initial stages of a mass fatality incident, first responder agencies, as
designated by the Incident Commander may have to provide care and
safeguarding of the deceased and secure and protect the human remains until
adequate mortuary response resources can respond and assume control.
IV. CONCEPT OF OPERATIONS
A. General
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1. Mass fatality disasters have the potential to quickly overwhelm the resources
of the coroner depending on the capacity of the facility at the time and the
number of fatalities. When the office becomes overwhelmed the coroner will
seek assistance from other counties plus the State of Washington and federal
resources.
2. The coroner will be notified immediately of a large number of fatalities so that
they can provide assistance and advice as needed to better assure the scene is
minimally disturbed during the removal of potential survivors and that the
integrity of the subsequent investigation can be preserved.
3. The coroner will assess the scope of an event and the availability of local
resources and advise emergency management if the mass fatality incident
exceeds the capacity of existing resources. If additional resources are
necessary, emergency management will make requests to local mutual aid
partners, both public and private, consistent with written agreements, as
needed.
4. Emergency management will complete and submit a Declaration of
Emergency for the county requesting additional resources by identifying
equipment and personnel assets needed to manage the victims and channeling
those requests through the state and the federal government.
5. The key functions in a mass fatality incident response are the recovery,
processing, identification, storage and disposition of human remains; the
certification of cause and manner of death; the collection of evidence, as
appropriate; and providing information and assistance to affected families.
6. The level and type of assistance needed during a mass fatality incident may
vary significantly based on the day-to-day capabilities of the coroner office
and local support agencies. Requests for assistance from emergency
management to the state may include requests for:
a. Incident Management Teams;
b. Investigation personnel (forensic pathologists, death
investigators, etc.);
c. Cold storage resources such as refrigerator trucks;
d. Logistical support in identifying and establishing alternate
morgue facilities;
e. Transportation resources;
f. Mental health professionals; (Chaplains)
g. Federal assistance, including Disaster Mortuary Operational
Response Team (DMORT);
B. Organization
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1. The office and function of the coroner is established by RCW Chapter 68.50
and as such the county coroner has the legal responsibility for handling the
deceased at a mass fatalities incident.
2. During an emergency the county coroner, emergency management, public
health and other healthcare partners will need to be prepared to assist and
manage additional deaths due to a variety of causes that have been previously
discussed.
3. Depending on the scope, it is anticipated that coroners, medical examiners,
funeral service personnel, cemetery and crematorium personnel, forensic
anthropologists and any other person whose responsibility involves direct
handling of human remains will assist in a mass fatality response.
4. In Washington State under Homeland Security, Franklin County is grouped
with four other counties referred to as Region 8. These counties would
respond to any mass fatality event within the Region. Each of these counties
has a County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan (CEMP) which
will help the response efforts of each county. In addition, each organization
knows their response capabilities to a fatality event.
5. Very limited decedent storage capacity is available in Franklin County. A
Regional diagram has been developed that shows storage capacity available
within the 5 counties. (See attachment for current listing).
C. Response
1. The coroner will develop a plan in conjunction with police, fire, EMS and
rescue personnel. The Incident Command System (ICS) will be utilized. This
assumes a unified command center with a specific individual in charge
through which all activities are coordinated.
2. To manage the complexity of such an incident, the response to a mass fatality
incident will utilize a phased approach or a rapid response with the coroner as
lead. The county emergency management agency and other first responders
may assist the coroner in developing and executing a response.
3. Three local hospitals and service providers will coordinate efforts in
accordance with the Tri-County Mass Casualty Incident Plan to ensure that
casualty loads are distributed in a suitable manner. Additionally, Benton-
Franklin Health Department will advise and assist ECC personnel in
managing medical resources as conditions require.
4. The coroner will provide emergency information on mass deaths, body
identification, and morgue operations for release through the news media.
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The coroner will coordinate morgue services, body identification, and
disposition of unclaimed bodies.
5. At the discretion of the coroner, a temporary holding morgue may be utilized
at the scene of an incident. The purpose of the temporary holding morgue is
to provide short-term shelter, primary and security of human remains and
associated evidence until transportation to the primary morgue is arranged.
6. The coroner will coordinate morgue services, body identification, and
disposition of unclaimed bodies. Temporary morgues may be established at
the direction of the coroner. If local resources for proper handling and
disposition of the dead are exceeded, the state and/or federal government may
provide supplemental assistance for the identification, movement, storage, and
disposition of the dead. The coroner may make a request for such assistance
through Franklin County ECC.
D. Recovery
1. Once a size-up of the scene is accomplished, the task of recovery of remains,
remain parts, and possessions begins. None of the remains shall be moved or
touched by workers/responders until the coroner has given direction and
approval.
2. A tracking system for human remains will be implemented by the coroner in
order to document how the remains are found, how fragmented portions are
tracked, how these remains are correlated with case numbers and crossed
referenced.
3. A grid system of the scene will be established. The grid system should be
broken down into blocks no larger than 30 feet by 30 feet. Size of blocking is
dependent on the area of the incident and the workers available. Awaiting the
establishment of the grid system, the incident site should be recorded on film.
This is best done by using a 35mm or digital camera for still photos and by
using a video camera for recording the overall scene.
4. After the grid is set up, a search and recovery team of two individuals will be
assigned to a block. These individuals will search, mark and document items
found within their respective blocks. The recovery team will photograph and
or videotape all activity of the recovery team within their respective blocks.
The coroner will have a numbering and marking system, which will be
explained in detail to each team before recovery begins. It will be coordinated
at a central point just outside the perimeter of the grid. Here numbers will be
assigned to the bodies and body parts as they are bagged and removed from
the grid and taken to the temporary morgue.
5. All remains will be tagged with the assigned numbers. It will then be
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documented and bagged with the number appearing on the bag. As the bodies
or body parts are removed from the grid, they will be flagged and marked with
the assigned number. Flags of different contrasting colors will be used to
distinguish between body parts and bodies recovered.
6. Unattached personal effects found on or near the body will be placed in a
container, tagged with corresponding numbers and data reflecting the location
and/or surroundings and secured.
7. Valuables, such as wallets or jewelry which are attached to the body shall not
be removed. Such valuables found on or near the body have potential
identification value should be placed in a container and charted as to the exact
location where they were recovered.
8. Remains may then be removed, as authorized, from their initial discovery site
to a staging area for transporting to the morgue or temporary morgue site.
This initial movement may require litter, stretches or other specialized
removal equipment.
9. After the removal of all bodies and body parts, the teams will then be used to
recover the belongings of the deceased. These items will also be bagged and
numbers assigned. In a mass disaster, remember to establish shift schedules
for the tams working within the grid. This will keep teams alert and cut down
on traumatizing the teams.
10. The transfer of remains to the temporary morgue shall be handled discreetly,
with sensitive care of the human body and whenever possible, “closed”
vehicles should be used.
11. All names on vehicles used for transport will be removed (or covered)
whenever possible. The vehicles will travel the same route from the handling
site to the morgue area. This route will be established in coordination with the
local police. Vehicles will travel at a moderate speed in convoy style,
maintaining dignity and order.
12. Records will be kept at the staging area as to the identification of the vehicle
and its driver as well as the tag number of the deceased being transported.
13. Once all remains and remain parts, along with recoverable possessions is
accomplished, the scene will be secured. At this time, the coroner may turn
over custody of the scene to another agency with jurisdiction.
E. Morgue Operations
1. The coroner will organize the morgue site and its operations and
assign personnel to some or all of the following jobs. Uniformed guards,
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information clerks, interviewers, telephone communications, admission clerk,
identification personnel, orderlies, personal effects security, embalmers,
secretaries, inventory clerk, distribution clerk, and others as needed.
2. The morgue site will be used for the temporary housing, identification,
sanitation, preservation (as authorized) as well as the distribution point for the
release of the dead and their possessions to their next of kin or their agent.
Refrigeration units will be utilized as needed.
3. Deceased human remains received at the morgue will be identified and all
helpful information shall be recorded for each remains. Personal effects will
be received, photographed, recorded, secured, and distributed to the next of
kin as authorized.
F. Morgue Reception Area
1. Log time of arrival and name of personnel in vehicle, have driver sign a
delivery form, compare the number of the bag to the number of the body,
photograph body, remove victim’s clothing and jewelry and describe and
photograph them. Clean up jewelry so you can see any initials that may help
with identification. Establish a file for this information that stays with the
body.
2. The morgue reception area should have a pathologist and anthropologist to
determine what is or isn’t human remains.
3. To maintain accurate files for identification, a volunteer should be assigned to
“track” each body through the process. Once a body is brought to the morgue,
a corresponding numbered file can be given to the tracker who then follows
the body to reception, x-ray, fingerprinting, and dental. The tracker should
not accompany the body into autopsy or embalming areas. However, the
tracker must remain outside this area to accompany the body through the rest
of the process. The tracker makes notes on the file at each station based on
directions from the person with authority at the station. If information is
requested by one of the doctors or morgue officials, the tracker should make
copies, ensuring the originals stay in the file. After the tracker is sure the
body has gone through the complete identification process, the tracker
delivers the file back to the command center of the morgue.
G. Body X-Ray
All bodies or body parts coming into the morgue will be fully x-rayed. Portable units
should be brought to the site. The local hospitals can supply portable units if needed.
H. Fingerprinting
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Franklin County Sheriff’s department and Pasco Police department have people
trained in fingerprinting. If a large mass disaster occurs, have the ECC notify the
F.B.I. fingerprinting team as soon as possible.
I. Autopsy and Anthropology Area
Autopsies, will be performed at the Benton County Morgue. The Franklin County
Coroner’s office will transport to the morgue. In a mass disaster where the Benton
County morgue is overwhelmed, the autopsy can be done at Kadlec Medical Center in
their morgue, or a temporary morgue will be established and utilized. Franklin
County Coroner’s office will oversee all autopsies.
J. Embalming Section
Embalming can be done at local funeral homes if the incident is not too large. If a
mass disaster, this area should be incorporated into the temporary morgue. Some local
funeral directors have portable units that can be moved into the morgue. A record
must be kept of all actions in the embalming area. It should include:
a. Time frame (arrival to departure).
b. Embalming Report for each embalming, filled out by the embalmer.
c. Embalmers name and state license number.
K. Release of Deceased or Remains
1. Once the remains have been positively identified, the family or next of kin
will be contacted. The coroner will coordinate the release of the remains and
personal effects to the next of kin or their representative.
2. In situations where there are unidentified remains, the coroner will make the
decision and provide direction regarding their disposition.
3. Where embalming or preparation is authorized, the procedure will be under
the direction of the coroner for later transportation to the family’s designated
funeral home, cemetery, or other destination.
L. Cremation
1. When the next of kin requests; direct cremation may be completed at the local
crematories. Cremation should not take place for a minimum of seven days
after the last body has been processed. All standard procedures should be
followed, obtaining releases and consent forms. Cremains may then be
forwarded to the next of kin.
2. Cremation should never be used as a form of disposition for unidentified
remains or tissue. Religious considerations, as well as possibility of future
identification affect this decision.
M. Termination
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1. When the procedures of identification, notification and disposition are
accomplished, termination of the incident begins. As fire, EMS and police
units are no longer needed, they should be released to return to their areas.
This may be done before morgue and disposition operations are completed.
2. As morgue operations are discontinued, personnel not needed should be
released to return home. Specialized units that are called in to assist will be
their own termination procedures. Every effort should be made to assist them
as needed. After all the units have terminated their operations, the coroner
will notify the ECC to resume normal operations.
N. Family Assistance Center
1. The purpose of the Family Assistance Center is to provide relatives of victims
with information and access to services they may need in the days following
the incident. This will help shield families from the media and curiosity
seekers. Additionally, this will help investigators and the coroner to get access
to families directly, allowing them to get personal information more easily and
privately. Franklin County and the ARC have agreements with a number of
facilities in the area that can be utilized for these types of emergencies.
2. Areas within the center include counseling, security, transportation, and
registration. Benton/Franklin Red Cross oversees the center and trains their
volunteers which includes screening and verifying credentials. We have
police and EMS stationed at the center for security and medical assistance.
O. Public Information
1. All information must be routed through the coroner and/or their designated
public information officer. Establishment of an area for the press to work
from and policies for taking pictures that is away from the morgue or any
family reception area. Make a press release available as soon as possible and
update at regular intervals. Give information out in the form of a written
statement. This will help in preventing possible release of false statistical
information. Have the media tour the scene by bus and escorted by law
enforcement personnel.
P. Critical Incident Stress Management
1. Mass fatality incident responders are at particular risk of developing critical
incident stress related problems. While many of the responding personnel
have routinely dealt with death and injuries, the magnitude and scope of a
large-scale incident might easily overwhelm their mental mechanisms to deal
with these situations. The ECC will coordinate a formal critical incident
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stress debriefing and any follow-up action required.
IV. CONCEPT OF OPERATIONS
A. Primary Agency
Franklin County Coroner
The Coroner’s office is responsible for the investigation of the incident. The coroner
is in charge of the documentation, examination, identification, recovery, disposition
and certification of all remains as well as morgue operations.
Following a mass fatality incident, the coroner is expected to:
• Assume responsibility for the death investigation
• Review the scope of the incident
• Determine the need for additional assistance (Disaster Mortuary
Operational Response Team and/or the Federal Bureau of
Investigation).
• Establish morgue operations and security
• Review and document the evidence
• Identify the deceased
• Issue death certificates for all victims
B. Support Agencies
Franklin County Emergency Management
• Manage the Emergency Operation Center during a mass fatality
incident.
• Provide resource coordination with local vendors as well as State and
Federal.
• Work closely with coroner to provide assistance in public information
and the joint information system.
Local Hospitals
• Be familiar with all appropriate emergency and disaster plans and
procedures, and participate in regular exercises of any such plans.
• Ensure appropriate mass fatality training for staff.
• Determine logistical concerns regarding dead bodies and remains to
include storage capacity.
Local Funeral Directors
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• Provide assistance to the coroner in identifying needed mortuary
service personnel and resources.
• Assist the coroner with morgue services, body identification, and
disposition of unclaimed bodies.
Benton/Franklin Health District
• Provides technical support as necessary to help assure the protection of
the public health as it relates to the proper handling and disposition of
human remains to include storage capacity.
• Register death certificates (RCW 70.05.070)
• Coordinate with WA-DOH for incomplete death certificate waivers.
• Assist with the determination of when maximum decedent storage
capacity will be reached and request assistance from the state as
needed.
• After Franklin County has exceeded its own capacity and its local
public and private mutual aid resources, State Department of Health
will respond to health specific requests for medico-legal death
investigation personnel and DMORT assistance made through the
local ECC through the SEOC.
American Red Cross
• Operate the family community reception center (CRC) and coordinate
needs with coroner.
• Pre-identify the positions within the CRC and train those responsible
for its operation.
• Provide medical services, including behavioral health screening and
referral to residents at the care center.
Washington State EMD
• Staff the SEOC and process requests for assistance from the local
ECC(s) for logistical and resource support.
VI. RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS
Resources required by this ESF include medical service personnel and health professionals,
logistic support for coordinating emergency medical attention, and the resources required by
the implementing procedures and plans of the organizations operating under this support
function. Additional personnel will be necessary to communicate resource availability to
FCEM during emergency situations. Actual response resources are also discussed in ESF-1,
Transportation, ESF-2, Communications, ESF-6, Mass Care, ESF-9, Search and Rescue, and
ESF-4, Fire Fighting, and the Tri-County Mass Casualty Incident Plan.
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VII. REFERENCES
See Appendix 3
VIII. TERMS AND DEFINITIONS
See Appendix 4
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EMERGENCY SUPPORT FUNCTION 9
Search and Rescue within Franklin County
Primary Agencies: Franklin County Sheriff's Office (FCSO)
Pasco Police
Support Agencies: Connell Police
Pasco Fire Department
Fire County Fire Districts 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Franklin County Emergency Management (FCEM)
Sheriff’s Posse
Columbia Basin Dive & Rescue
Southeast Communications (SECOMM)
Benton County Sheriff’s Office (BCSO)
U.S. Civil Air Patrol
U.S. Coast Guard
Washington State Department of Transportation
Washington State Military Department
I. INTRODUCTION
A. Purpose
To provide guidelines for the effective utilization of search and rescue resources
and for the coordination of search and rescue efforts within the unincorporated
areas within Franklin County. The Revised Code of Washington (RCW)
definition of SAR: "Search and rescue" means the acts of searching for, rescuing,
or recovering by means of ground, marine, or air activity any person who
becomes lost, injured, or is killed while outdoors or as a result of a natural,
technological, or human caused disaster, including instances involving searches
for downed aircraft when ground personnel are used....". (RCW 38.52.010(23)).
B. Scope
1. Search and rescue (SAR) operations are classified in several ways, such as
land SAR, air SAR, and underground rescue. State law encompasses both
wildland and disaster SAR within the definition of land SAR (Section
38.52.010 (23) RCW).
2. Wildland and disaster SAR are also terms used by the federal government,
however are covered under two separate plans, (i.e., the National SAR
Plan and the National Response Plan). In the State of Washington,
Disaster SAR is commonly called Urban SAR (USAR), which is
specifically defined by FEMA as involving the location, rescue
(extrication), and initial medical stabilization of individuals trapped in
confined spaces. Structural Collapse is most often the cause of people
being trapped, but individuals may also be trapped in transportation
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accidents, mines and collapsed trenches.
3. Air SAR is defined by Chapter 47.68.020 RCW and Chapter 468.200
Washington Administrative Code (WAC).
4. SAR can also be used at the discretion of the Franklin County Sheriff for
various incidents or occurrences as deemed appropriate by the sheriff.
II. POLICIES
A. SAR operations are the responsibility of the local law enforcement agency that has
jurisdiction based on its municipality’s defined boundaries.
B. Columbia Basin Dive and Rescue (CBDR) must be requested through SECOMM /
BCSO for a mission number from the Washington State Emergency Operations
Center (SEOC) before/while being activated.
C. The FCSO, Pasco Police & Fire, and CBDR will be notified of all SAR missions
within Franklin County and its municipalities by SECOMM.
III. SITUATION
A. SAR Conditions and Law Enforcement Jurisdictions
Emergency/Disaster Conditions and Hazards
Within Franklin County, there are 4 incorporated cities in which disasters could
happen. Disasters such as floods, earthquakes, and fires can create the need for
SAR functions. Most SAR operations requiring the assistance of emergency
management personnel in Franklin County have been water-related, usually
occurring during the months of March through September. The popularity of
water recreation and the numerous irrigation canals located in the county
represent a continuous potential for persons to be lost or endangered during
recreation or work activities. Land SAR emergencies are possible as a result of
wildfires, severe weather, earthquakes, blowing dust or other disasters. There are
three law enforcement agencies within Franklin County. Each of the agencies
have specific areas of jurisdiction.
1. The Franklin County Sheriff’s Office has jurisdiction in the
unincorporated areas of Franklin County, including the waterways in
which that unincorporated land touches water. On rivers, ditches canals,
like the Snake and Columbia rivers or Esquatzel Coulee, the Sheriff’s
jurisdiction extends from the shore of the unincorporated land into the
middle of the waterway.
Additionally, the FCSO has SAR responsibility in three incorporated cities
within Franklin County. These are the cities of Connell, Mesa and
Kahlotus. Neither of these municipalities have police departments. Law
enforcement duties defer to the FCSO in these cities.
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2. The City of Pasco has jurisdiction within the city limits of Pasco,
including the waterways in which that incorporated land touches water.
On major rivers, like the Snake and Columbia rivers, the Pasco Police
Departments jurisdiction extends from the shore of the incorporated land
into the waterway. In the case of the Columbia and Snake rivers, the
jurisdiction extends from the incorporated shore into the middle of the
river channel.
3. The City of Connell has jurisdiction within the city limits of Connell,
including the waterways in which that incorporated land touches water.
On rivers, canals or coulees, the Connell Police Department’s jurisdiction
extends from the shores of the incorporated land. FCSO will be
responsible for SAR missions involving the City of Connell. The Connell
Police Department will augment the FCSO SAR response with available
city resources.
B. Planning Assumptions
1. Some SAR missions may start out as a normal/routine response to an
emergency. Incident command could have been established by an agency
not having SAR authority. In these situations, once determined that the
event has transitioned into a SAR mission, command will be transferred to
the appropriate law enforcement agency.
2. SECOMM will implement their SAR procedures and notifications as soon
as they determine the emergency is a SAR mission/event as defined above
from RCW 38.52.010(23).
3. SAR capabilities within Franklin County can be augmented within a short
time by local volunteer groups, mutual aid and other public resources.
These resources will only be utilized and respond when requested by the
jurisdiction having authority.
4. SAR support provided from outside the area through the Washington State
Military Department’s Emergency Management Division, FEMA and
other agencies would be available for deployment into Franklin County if
needed. These resources will only be utilized and respond when requested
by the jurisdiction having authority.
IV. GENERAL CONCEPT OF OPERATIONS
A. General
1. SAR operations will be the responsibility of the local law enforcement
agency having jurisdiction.
2. All SAR missions will be reported to the State Duty Officer and a mission
number will be obtained.
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2021 - CEMP p. ESF 9- 4
3. Franklin County Emergency Management (FCEM) will:
i. Administer compensation claims from emergency workers arising
from SAR emergency response activities.
ii. During disaster situations, the Emergency Coordination Center
(ECC) will support SAR operations if requested.
iii. Assist in obtaining a SAR mission number from the state duty
officer.
4. If a multi-jurisdictional SAR operation occurs, the state Rescue
Coordination Center (RCC) should be activated to provide coordination
and support for all organizations involved.
5. The local law enforcement agencies will be responsible for their own
specific SAR programs and managing their training, SAR specific
volunteers, and equipment, etc.
6. The FCSO, Pasco Police & Fire, and CBDR will be notified of all SAR
missions within Franklin County and its municipalities by SECOMM.
B. Organization
The local law enforcement agency, or their designee, is responsible for SAR
operations within their jurisdictional boundaries in Franklin County. FCEM will
coordinate support to SAR operations in their political subdivisions and register
volunteers. Local programs also provide training and education for volunteer SAR
units, as well as, for the organization and deployment of SAR resources.
VII. REFERENCES
See Appendix 3 of FC CEMP
A. Chapter 38.52.010 RCW
B. Chapter 47.68.380 RCW
C. Chapter 78.12 RCW
D. Chapter 118.04 Washington Administration Code (WAC)
E. Chapter 468.200 WAC
F. National Response Plan, October 28 2019 http://www.dhs.gov/nrp
G. National Search and Rescue Plan, 2016
Attachment A – Emergency Worker Individual Registration card
Attachment B – Franklin County Emergency Management Emergency Worker
Registration form and background check authorization.
ATTACHMENT A
Franklin County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan Emergency Support Function 9: SAR
2021 - CEMP p. ESF 9- 5
Emergency Worker Registration Card Individual Registration
Individuals who want to make themselves available to participate in SAR missions need to
register with FCEM. The reason is to insure liability coverage and eligibility to make claims
for expenses that might be covered. This includes exercises as well as actual missions. The
following are examples of the registrations form that is to be completed by individuals and
the identification card that will be issued by FCEM as proof of an individual’s registration.
EMERGENCY WORKER REGISTRATION CARD
Jurisdiction: Franklin County
Issue Date: Registration Number:
Name (Last): (First): (Middle): Email Address:
Address 1:
PHOTOGRAPH
Address 2:
City: State: Zip Code:
Driver’s License No.: Date of Birth: Blood Type: (not
required)
Sex (M-F):
Height: Weight: Color Eyes: Color Hair:
Physical Disabilities (If any):
Home Telephone: Work Telephone: - In Case of Emergency -
Please Notify: I certify that the information on this card is true and correct to my best knowledge and belief.
Emergency Worker Signature: Date of Signature: Name:
Emergency Worker Assignment (WAC-118-04-110): Telephone Number with Area Code:
Authorizing Signature: Local Jurisdiction: Date of Signature: Relation to Emergency Worker:
Emd-024 (7/00) (FRONT) The applicant is informed that the above information may be used to conduct a background criminal investigation. I certify by
my signature above that I have been informed that a background check may be performed.
Franklin County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan Emergency Support Function 9: SAR
2021 - CEMP p. ESF 9- 6
EMERGENCY WORKER TRAINING RECORD
COURSE HOURS DATE COMPLETED
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION – REMARKS:
Franklin County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan Emergency Support Function 9: SAR
2021 - CEMP p. ESF 9- 7
Attachment B
CERTIFICATE OF AUTHORIZATION
I, ______________________________________________________________, certify that:
(Print Last, First MI)
1. I am in adequate physical condition to carry out the emergency assignment given to me
and that I am not subject to any medical problems or other infirmity of body or mind,
except as noted on the Emergency Worker Application Card, which might render me
unfit to carry out my emergency assignment.
2. I am able to speak, read, and write the English language.
3. I am not addicted to the use of intoxicating liquors or narcotics or other controlled
substance.
4. I have/have not been arrested for and/or convicted of a crime. (Circle one; If yes, please
explain)
5. I understand that the final determination for issuance of an Emergency Worker
Identification Card will be at the discretion of the Director of Franklin County
Emergency Management.
6. I have read and understand the contents of WAC 118-04-200.
7. I understand that I must possess a valid driver’s license and liability insurance to meet the
state requirement if I drive to or from a mission or training event.
Franklin County
Emergency Management
502 Boeing Street
Pasco, WA 99301
(509) 545-3546 Fax: (509) 545-2139
Franklin County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan Emergency Support Function 9: SAR
2021 - CEMP p. ESF 9- 8
8. I understand that when activated for an event or training, I am a representative of
Franklin County Emergency Management and as such serve all the citizens of Franklin
County regardless of their age, sex, color, religious beliefs, cultural beliefs, physical or
mental impairments, or political activities. I will keep my personal beliefs and feelings to
myself and not let them interfere with the performance of my assigned duties.
9. I understand that any claims for reimbursements, of authorized expenses are covered
under RCW 38.52 and WAC 118-04. I further understand that claims for medical
expenses must be submitted within one year of the injury and claims for property
damage/loss or other authorized expenses must be filed within three years from the date
of occurrence. All claims must include receipts and documentation and be submitted
through the Franklin County Emergency Management Director.
Signed _________________________________________ Date ______________________
(applicant)
Signed _________________________________________ Date ______________________
(parent or guardian of applicants under age 18)
Approved this ______________________ day of ________________, _________
Xxx, Director
Franklin County Emergency Management
NOTE: (1) If the answer to “4” above is yes, you may request an informal meeting with
the Franklin County Emergency Management Director to discuss the
circumstances prior to submitting this application.
(2) If you are denied an Emergency Worker Identification Card/Badge, you may
appeal the decision to Franklin County Emergency Management.
Franklin County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan Emergency Support Function 9-a: SAR
2021 - CEMP p. ESF 9.a - 1
EMERGENCY SUPPORT FUNCTION 9.a
FCSO Search and Rescue
Primary Agency: Franklin County Sheriff's Office
Support Agencies: Connell Police
Pasco Fire Department (PFD)
Fire County Fire Districts 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Franklin County Emergency Management (FCEM)
Pasco Police Department (PPD)
Benton Franklin Mounted Sheriff’s Posse
Columbia Basin Dive & Rescue (CBDR)
Southeast Communications (SECOMM)
Benton County Sheriff’s Office (BCSO)
U.S. Civil Air Patrol
U.S. Coast Guard (USCG)
Washington State Department of Transportation
Washington State Military Department
I. INTRODUCTION
A. Purpose
To provide guidelines for the effective utilization of search and rescue resources
and for the coordination of search and rescue efforts within the City of Connell
and the unincorporated areas within Franklin County in accordance with RCW
38.52.010(23).
II. POLICIES
A. Land SAR operations are coordinated and directed by the Franklin County Sheriff
in accordance with state and local jurisdiction plans. However, one political
subdivision may not be able to provide the necessary equipment or sufficient
numbers of trained personnel to successfully carry out a SAR mission. Local
Mutual Aid resources will be the primary support mechanism for additional
resources. These resources will only be utilized and respond when requested by
the FCSO. Requests beyond local capability/availability will be coordinated by
Washington State Military Department, Emergency Management Division
(WAEMD)/State Emergency Operations Center (SEOC). These resources will
only be utilized and respond when requested by the FCSO.
B. The Incident Command System (ICS) is the preferred method of on-scene
incident management for SAR operations within the state. In accordance with
Franklin County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan Emergency Support Function 9-a: SAR
2021 - CEMP p. ESF 9.a - 2
RCW 38.52.400(1), ICS shall be used for multi-agency/multi-jurisdiction SAR
operations.
C. Land SAR will be the responsibility of the FCSO within the unincorporated areas
of Franklin County. (See RCW 38.52.400(1))
D. Urban SAR will be the responsibility of FCSO within the unincorporated areas of
Franklin County. FEMA defines USAR as involving the location, rescue
(extrication), and Initial medical stabilization of individuals trapped in confined
spaces. Structural Collapse is most often the cause for people being trapped, but
individuals may also be trapped in transportation accidents, mines, and collapsed
trenches.
E. Air SAR, for missing or downed civil aircraft is the responsibility of the State
Department of Transportation, which may involve the local Civil Air Patrol.
III. SITUATION
A. Emergency/Disaster Conditions and Hazards
In the unincorporated portions of Franklin County, disasters such as floods,
earthquakes, and fires can create the need for SAR functions. Most SAR
operations requiring the assistance of emergency personnel in Franklin County
have been water-related or lost/missing person situations. The popularity of
outdoor, water recreation and the numerous irrigation canals located in the county
represent a continuous potential for persons to be lost or endangered during
recreation or work activities. Land SAR emergencies are possible as a result of
wildfires, severe weather, earthquakes, blowing dust or other disasters.
IV. CONCEPT OF OPERATIONS
A. General
1. SAR operations will be the responsibility of the Franklin County Sheriff's
Office within the unincorporated areas of Franklin County where the
search is being conducted. During disaster situations, the Emergency
Coordination Center (ECC) will support SAR operations as requested by
FCSO.
2. Franklin County Emergency Management (FCEM) will administer
compensation claims from emergency workers arising from SAR
emergency response activities.
3. Columbia Basin Dive and Rescue (CBDR), a volunteer organization, is the
principal response resource for water SAR operations within the
unincorporated areas of Franklin County. CBDR is located in Benton
Franklin County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan Emergency Support Function 9-a: SAR
2021 - CEMP p. ESF 9.a - 3
County and the BCSO/SECOMM must be asked to initiate a mission
number from the SEOC before they can be utilized. These resources will
only be utilized and respond when requested by the FCSO and authorized
through the SEOC mission number.
4. The Benton Franklin Mounted Sheriff’s Posse, a volunteer organization, is
the principal response resource for land SAR operations within the
unincorporated areas of Franklin County. These resources will only be
utilized and respond when requested by the FCSO.
5. If a multi-jurisdictional SAR operation occurs, the state Rescue
Coordination Center (RCC) may be activated to provide coordination and
support for all organizations involved.
6. Fire departments and fire districts are trained in light rescue techniques for
land-based SAR operations. Some personnel have specialized knowledge
in rope rescue and confined space rescue. These resources will only be
utilized and respond when requested by the FCSO in the unincorporated
areas of Franklin County.
7. Once the Franklin County Sheriff requests a mission number from the
WAEMD/SEOC Duty Officer (DO) either directly or via FCEM, the
Sheriff must keep WAEMD/SEOC DO and FCEM advised of progress
until the mission is terminated with the state.
C. Procedures
1. The SAR Incident Commander will request a SAR mission number from
Washington State Emergency Operations Center Duty Officer before
beginning a rescue mission. The issuance of this mission number
authorizes the employment of volunteers under the provisions and
protection of RCW 38.52. It will be coordinated through SECOMM if
CBDR is required.
2. The SAR Coordinator will maintain the organization at the direction of the
Sheriff to develop or seek training for each member.
3. SAR training events require mission numbers to be covered under the
protection of RCW 38.52.
4. The Franklin County SAR Coordinator keeps record of SAR missions and
training missions with copies at the Sheriff’s office and the Washington
State EMD.
5. FCSO response will be in accordance with their SOPs.
6. WAEMD/SEOC, when notified of a SAR mission by the County Sheriff
or designee, will issue a state mission number. The issuance of this
Franklin County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan Emergency Support Function 9-a: SAR
2021 - CEMP p. ESF 9.a - 4
mission number authorizes the employment of volunteers under the
provisions and protection of the Emergency Worker program Chapter 118-
04 WAC.
7. WAEMD/SEOC, upon receiving a request for assistance from an
authorized official, will coordinate the resources of other political
subdivisions, as well as state, out-of-state, federal, and international
agencies in support of the requesting jurisdiction. The state SAR
Coordinator may be deployed to the scene to provide this coordination.
8. Multi-jurisdictional SAR operations may be coordinated by
WAEMD/SEOC, when requested. Major multi-jurisdictional SAR
operations resulting from a natural or technological disaster may require
the activation of the state Rescue Coordination Center (RCC). The state
RCC may either be collocated with the SEOC or at a location in proximity
to the incident site. The director of the state RCC is the state SAR
Coordinator.
D. Mitigation Activities
SAR is largely a response function. Because some SAR events in Franklin
County are water-based, education of the public in water safety and survival can
help reduce the number of water rescue emergencies.
FCSO should identify hazards and risks in their jurisdiction; actions to reduce the
likelihood of these events occurring, and/or reducing the impact if they were to
occur can then be identified and implemented. Law enforcement can also
implement safety and SAR prevention programs, so that citizens are better
prepared.
E. Preparedness Activities
Preparedness activities for SAR include:
1. Identifying hazard areas (treacherous water, popular hiking areas, etc.)
2. Identifying available resources.
3. Determination of chain-of-command
4. Registration of volunteers
5. Development of SAR plans
6. Conducting drills/exercises to test the performance of SAR response
F. Response Activities
1. The SAR emergencies that fall within the jurisdiction of the FCSO, will be
coordinated by the FCSO.
2. If an emergency occurs that requires County-level SAR support, the
Franklin County Sheriff is responsible for coordination of those activities
within the Franklin County Emergency Coordination Center. These
Franklin County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan Emergency Support Function 9-a: SAR
2021 - CEMP p. ESF 9.a - 5
activities will be performed in compliance with the determined chain of
command for SAR.
3. Response resources will be identified and selected based on suitability and
availability for the type of search and/or rescue. These resources will only
be utilized and respond when requested by the FCSO
4. SAR volunteers will be registered and documentation will reside with the
FCSO SAR Coordinator and Franklin County Emergency Management.
G. Recovery Activities
1. Each department, agency and individual shall maintain accurate records of
the incident. They will be responsible for maintaining SAR and recovery
expense records for future possible reimbursement. Financial issues such
as supplies used, equipment lost or damaged, wages for hours worked
including overtime, and other costs require documentation before
reimbursement is issued. If emergency vehicles, communications
equipment or stations are damaged, special contracts may be needed for
their quick repair or replacement, and temporary or long-term
arrangements may be needed. During the recovery phase, it is imperative
to maintain communication and coordination with the FCEM ECC. FCSO
or the Franklin County Public Information Officer (PIO) may provide
public information regarding safety issues as people return to their homes
and businesses. Departments, districts, and individuals involved in the
emergency or disaster should participate in post event reviews and
critiques, and contribute to written reports regarding observations and
recommendations.
2. FCSO will assist the return of all SAR organizations and personnel to a
high state of preparedness, to be able to respond to future SAR missions
with available resources, when requested.
3. During the Recovery phase, it is imperative that the Incident Commander
maintains communication and coordination with the ECC.
V. RESPONSIBILITIES
A. Primary Agency
1. Franklin County Sheriff
a. The Franklin County Sheriff is responsible for all ground and
water SAR operations within its jurisdiction.
b. The Franklin County Sheriff will develop and maintain SAR plans
and inventories of equipment and personnel; maintain records of
SAR missions, and coordinate all SAR activities with other
Franklin County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan Emergency Support Function 9-a: SAR
2021 - CEMP p. ESF 9.a - 6
agencies and volunteer organizations.
c. Operate SAR activities in accordance with state and local
operations plans.
d. Notify WAEMD/SEOC and obtain a state mission number. At the
request of the sheriff, FCEM or SECOMM may notify
WAEMD/SEOC and obtain a mission number on their behalf. If
CBDR is utilized, the request MUST go through SECOMM.
e. After an operation is completed verify with FCEM that the SEOC
Duty Officer has closed the mission.
f. The Franklin County Sheriff will coordinate with FCEM for
logistical and resources when needed. The FCSO will send any
After Action Reports (AARs) to FCEM.
B. Support Agencies:
1. Franklin County Emergency Management
a. FCEM will coordinate with County SAR organizations to obtain
resource list and determine total capabilities, determine chain of
communication necessary to activate SAR for emergency response,
and register SAR volunteers and issue identification card
indicating emergency assignment. During emergencies, SAR
personnel will perform functions in which they are qualified.
b. When requested, notify WAEMD/SEOC and obtain a state mission
number for the sheriff’s office. This number is necessary for
liability coverage and possible compensation but must be obtained
before volunteers are utilized in a SAR operation.
c. Register volunteers and emergency workers and keep a database of
these resources.
d. Coordinate any requests for state, federal or out of county SAR
resources that are requested/needed or are being used.
e. Provide WAEMD/SEOC with periodic status reports.
f. Assist emergency workers with submission of any claims that
might be appropriate.
g. Provide Public Information Support if needed/requested.
Franklin County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan Emergency Support Function 9-a: SAR
2021 - CEMP p. ESF 9.a - 7
h. Make final reports to WAEMD/SEOC to closeout missions.
i. Review and revise this ESF, if needed, after any major SAR
operation or at least every five years.
VI. RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS
Resources and operational training/certifications required for SAR activity are those
maintained by law enforcement agencies, support agencies and the volunteer response
organizations.
VII. REFERENCES
See ESF 9
VIII. TERMS AND DEFINITIONS
See Appendix 4
Franklin County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan Emergency Support Function 9-b: SAR
2021 - CEMP p. ESF 9.a - 1
EMERGENCY SUPPORT FUNCTION 9.b
Pasco Search and Rescue
Primary Agency: Pasco Police Department
Support Agencies: Connell Police
Pasco Fire Department (PFD)
Fire County Fire Districts 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Franklin County Emergency Management (FCEM)
Franklin County Sheriff’s Office (FCSO)
Benton Franklin Mounted Sheriff’s Posse
Columbia Basin Dive & Rescue (CBDR)
Southeast Communications (SECOMM)
Benton County Sheriff’s Office (BCSO)
U.S. Civil Air Patrol
U.S. Coast Guard (USCG)
Washington State Department of Transportation
Washington State Military Department
I. INTRODUCTION
A. Purpose
To provide guidelines for the effective utilization of search and rescue resources
and for the coordination of search and rescue efforts within the City of Pasco in
accordance with RCW 38.52.010(23).
II. POLICIES
A. Land SAR operations are coordinated and directed by the Pasco Police
Department (PPD) in accordance with state and local jurisdiction plans. However,
one political subdivision may not be able to provide the necessary equipment or
sufficient numbers of trained personnel to successfully carry out a SAR mission.
Local Mutual Aid resources will be the primary support mechanism for additional
resources. These resources will only be utilized and respond when requested by
the PPD. Requests beyond local capability/availability will be coordinated by
Washington State Military Department, Emergency Management Division
(WAEMD)/State Emergency Operations Center (SEOC). These resources will
only be utilized and respond when requested by the PPD.
B. The Incident Command System (ICS) is the preferred method of on-scene
incident management for SAR operations within the state. In accordance with
RCW 38.52.400 (1), ICS shall be used for multi-agency/multi-jurisdiction SAR
operations.
Franklin County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan Emergency Support Function 9-b: SAR
2021 - CEMP p. ESF 9.a - 2
C. Land SAR will be the responsibility of the PPD within the incorporated areas of
the City of Pasco. (See RCW 38.52.400(1))
D. Urban SAR will be the responsibility of PPD within the incorporated areas of the
city of Pasco. FEMA defines USAR as involving the location, rescue
(extrication), and Initial medical stabilization of individuals trapped in confined
spaces. Structural Collapse is most often the cause for people being trapped, but
individuals may also be trapped in transportation accidents, mines, and collapsed
trenches.
E. Air SAR, for missing or downed civil aircraft is the responsibility of the State
Department of Transportation, which may involve the local Civil Air Patrol.
III. SITUATION
A. Emergency/Disaster Conditions and Hazards
In the unincorporated portions of Franklin County, disasters such as floods,
earthquakes, and fires can create the need for SAR functions. Most SAR
operations requiring the assistance of emergency personnel in Franklin County
have been water-related or lost/missing person situations. The popularity of
outdoor, water recreation and the numerous irrigation canals located in the county
represent a continuous potential for persons to be lost or endangered during
recreation or work activities. Land SAR emergencies are possible as a result of
wildfires, severe weather, earthquakes, blowing dust or other disasters.
IV. CONCEPT OF OPERATIONS
A. General
1. SAR operations will be the responsibility of the Pasco Police Department
within the incorporated areas of the city of Pasco where the search is being
conducted. During disaster situations, the Emergency Coordination
Center (ECC) will support SAR operations as requested by PPD.
2. Franklin County Emergency Management (FCEM) will administer
compensation claims from emergency workers arising from SAR
emergency response activities.
3. Columbia Basin Dive and Rescue (CBDR), a volunteer organization, is the
principal response resource for water SAR operations within the
incorporated areas of the city of Pasco. CBDR is located in Benton County
and the BCSO/SECOMM must be asked to initiate a mission number from
the SEOC before they can be utilized. These resources will only be
utilized and respond when requested by the PPD and authorized through
the SEOC mission number.
Franklin County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan Emergency Support Function 9-b: SAR
2021 - CEMP p. ESF 9.a - 3
4. The Benton Franklin Mounted Sheriff’s Posse, a volunteer organization, is
the principal response resource for land SAR operations. These resources
will only be utilized and respond when requested by the PPD.
5. If a multi-jurisdictional SAR operation occurs, the state Rescue
Coordination Center (RCC) may be activated to provide coordination and
support for all organizations involved.
6. Fire departments and fire districts are trained in light rescue techniques for
land-based SAR operations. Some personnel have specialized knowledge
in rope rescue and confined space rescue. These resources will only be
utilized and respond when requested and coordinated by the PPD.
7. Once the Pasco Police Department requests a mission number from the
WAEMD/SEOC Duty Officer (DO) either directly or via FCEM, the PPD
must keep WAEMD/SEOC DO and FCEM advised of progress until the
mission is terminated with the state.
C. Procedures
1. The SAR Incident Commander will request a SAR mission number from
Washington State Emergency Operations Center Duty Officer before
beginning a rescue mission. The issuance of this mission number
authorizes the employment of volunteers under the provisions and
protection of RCW 38.52. It will be coordinated by SECOMM or Franklin
County Emergency Management if CBDR is required.
2. The SAR Coordinator will maintain the organization at the direction of the
Sheriff to develop or seek training for each member.
3. SAR training events require mission numbers to be covered under the
protection of RCW 38.52.
4. The PPD SAR Coordinator keeps record of SAR missions and training
missions with copies at the Sheriff’s office and the Washington State
EMD.
5. PPD response will be in accordance with their SOPs.
6. WAEMD/SEOC, when notified of a SAR mission by the PPD or designee,
will issue a state mission number. The issuance of this mission number
authorizes the employment of volunteers under the provisions and
protection of the Emergency Worker program Chapter 118-04 WAC.
7. WAEMD/SEOC, upon receiving a request for assistance from an
authorized official, will coordinate the resources of other political
subdivisions, as well as state, out-of-state, federal, and international
Franklin County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan Emergency Support Function 9-b: SAR
2021 - CEMP p. ESF 9.a - 4
agencies in support of the requesting jurisdiction. The state SAR
Coordinator may be deployed to the scene to provide this coordination.
8. Multi-jurisdictional SAR operations may be coordinated by
WAEMD/SEOC, when requested. Major multi-jurisdictional SAR
operations resulting from a natural or technological disaster may require
the activation of the state Rescue Coordination Center (RCC). The state
RCC may either be collocated with the SEOC or at a location in proximity
to the incident site. The director of the state RCC is the state SAR
Coordinator.
D. Mitigation Activities
SAR is largely a response function. Because some SAR events in the city of
Pasco are water-based, education of the public in water safety and survival can
help reduce the number of water rescue emergencies.
PPD should identify hazards and risks in their jurisdiction; actions to reduce the
likelihood of these events occurring, and/or reducing the impact if they were to
occur can then be identified and implemented. Law enforcement can also
implement safety and SAR prevention programs, so that citizens are better
prepared.
E. Preparedness Activities
Preparedness activities for SAR include:
1. Identifying hazard areas (treacherous water, popular hiking areas, etc.)
2. Identifying available resources.
3. Determination of chain-of-command
4. Registration of volunteers
5. Development of SAR plans
6. Conducting drills/exercises to test the performance of SAR response
F. Response Activities
1. The SAR emergencies that fall within the jurisdiction of the city of Pasco,
will be coordinated by the PPD.
2. If an emergency occurs that requires County-level SAR support, the PPD
is responsible for coordination of those activities within the Franklin
County Emergency Coordination Center. These activities will be
performed in compliance with the determined chain of command for SAR.
3. Response resources will be identified and selected based on suitability and
availability for the type of search and/or rescue. These resources will only
be utilized and respond when requested by the PPD
Franklin County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan Emergency Support Function 9-b: SAR
2021 - CEMP p. ESF 9.a - 5
4. SAR volunteers will be registered and documentation will reside with the
PPD SAR Coordinator and Franklin County Emergency Management.
G. Recovery Activities
1. Each department, agency and individual shall maintain accurate records of
the incident. They will be responsible for maintaining SAR and recovery
expense records for future possible reimbursement. Financial issues such
as supplies used, equipment lost or damaged, wages for hours worked
including overtime, and other costs require documentation before
reimbursement is issued. If emergency vehicles, communications
equipment or stations are damaged, special contracts may be needed for
their quick repair or replacement, and temporary or long-term
arrangements may be needed. During the recovery phase, it is imperative
to maintain communication and coordination with the FCEM ECC. PPD,
Pasco Public Information Officer (PIO) or the FCEM PIO may provide
public information regarding safety issues as people return to their homes
and businesses. Departments, districts, and individuals involved in the
emergency or disaster should participate in post event reviews and
critiques, and contribute to written reports regarding observations and
recommendations.
2. PPD will assist the return of all SAR organizations and personnel to a high
state of preparedness, to be able to respond to future SAR missions with
available resources, when requested.
3. During the Recovery phase, it is imperative that the Incident Commander
maintains communication and coordination with the ECC.
V. RESPONSIBILITIES
A. Primary Agency
1. Franklin County Sheriff
a. The Pasco Police Department is responsible for all ground and
water SAR operations within its jurisdiction.
b. The Pasco Police Department will develop and maintain SAR
plans and inventories of equipment and personnel; maintain
records of SAR missions, and coordinate all SAR activities with
other agencies and volunteer organizations.
c. Operate SAR activities in accordance with state and local
operations plans.
d. Notify WAEMD/SEOC and obtain a state mission number. At the
Franklin County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan Emergency Support Function 9-b: SAR
2021 - CEMP p. ESF 9.a - 6
request of the sheriff, FCEM or SECOMM may notify
WAEMD/SEOC and obtain a mission number on their behalf. If
CBDR is utilized, the request MUST go through SECOMM.
e. After an operation is completed verify with FCEM that the SEOC
Duty Officer has closed the mission.
f. The Pasco Police Department will coordinate with FCEM for
logistical and resources when needed. The PPD will send any After
Action Reports (AARs) to FCEM.
B. Support Agencies:
1. Franklin County Emergency Management
a. FCEM will coordinate with SAR organizations to obtain resource
list and determine total capabilities, determine chain of
communication necessary to activate SAR for emergency response,
and register SAR volunteers and issue identification card
indicating emergency assignment. During emergencies, SAR
personnel will perform functions in which they are qualified.
b. When requested, notify WAEMD/SEOC and obtain a state mission
number for the sheriff’s office. This number is necessary for
liability coverage and possible compensation but must be obtained
before volunteers are utilized in a SAR operation.
c. Register volunteers and emergency workers and keep a database of
these resources.
d. Coordinate any requests for state, federal or out of county SAR
resources that are requested/needed or are being used.
e. Provide WAEMD/SEOC with periodic status reports.
f. Assist emergency workers with submission of any claims that
might be appropriate.
g. Provide Public Information Support if needed/requested.
h. Make final reports to WAEMD/SEOC to closeout missions.
i. Review and revise this ESF, if needed, after any major SAR
operation or at least every five years.
VI. RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS
Franklin County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan Emergency Support Function 9-b: SAR
2021 - CEMP p. ESF 9.a - 7
Resources and operational training/certifications required for SAR activity are those
maintained by law enforcement agencies, support agencies and the volunteer response
organizations.
VII. REFERENCES
See ESF 9
VIII. TERMS AND DEFINITIONS
See Appendix 4
Franklin County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan Emergency Support Function 10 - Hazardous Materials
2021 – CEMP p. ESF 10 -1
ESF #10
Hazardous Materials Response
Preface
Hazardous material incidents can occur anywhere and at any time throughout
Franklin County. The volume and distribution of hazardous materials in
Franklin County jurisdictions determines the likelihood of an incident.
Transportation routes pose a major threat because of the volume and variety
of hazardous materials transported over them.
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EMERGENCY SUPPORT FUNCTION 10
APPENDICES
APPENDIX DESCRIPTION Page
A. Regulated Facility Types 32
B. Extremely Hazardous Facilities 33
C. Incident Command Designations 34
D. Public Safety Procedures 35
E. Evacuation Map Routes 40
F. Training Schedule 41
G. Exercise Types and Schedule 45
H. Emergency Planning and Response 48
I. Description of Emergency Equipment and Facilities 51
J. Minimum Plan Requirements Locations 56
K. Petroleum Crude Oil Response Reference 57
L. Promulgation 62
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EMERGENCY SUPPORT FUNCTION 10A
HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
Primary Agencies - Designated on the basis of who has the most authorities, resources,
capabilities or expertise relative to accomplishment of the specific Emergency Support Function
(ESF):
Franklin County Fire Departments and Districts
Washington State Patrol
Washington State Department of Ecology
Southeast Washington Special Operations Group (SEWSOG)
Hazardous Materials Response Team (Benton,
Franklin, Walla Walla and Yakima Counties)
Support Agencies - Designated to assist a specific primary or joint primary agency with
available resources, capabilities or expertise in support of Emergency Support Function (ESF)
activities:
Franklin County Emergency Management
Regulated Facilities within Franklin County
Law Enforcement Agencies
Benton-Franklin Health District
Framatome Nuclear Fuels
US Department of Energy
South East Communications (SECOMM – Emergency Dispatch)
Public Works/Engineering Departments
Ben Franklin Transit
Pasco School District
American Red Cross
County Commissioners/Mayors/City Councils
Emergency Medical Services
Local Emergency Planning Committee/facilities (LEPC)
Washington State Department of Transportation
Washington Military Department, Emergency Management
US Coast Guard
US Environmental Protection Agency
I. INTRODUCTION
Overall responsibility for the implementation of emergency management activities, as
defined in this ESF, rests with elected or appointed government officials, i.e., County
Commissioners, and mayors/councils of the 4 cities and county; and governing bodies of
those jurisdictions with responsibilities during an emergency or disaster.
A. Purpose
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1. Provides guidance for hazardous materials incident planning, notification
and response as required by SARA Title III of 1986, also known as the
Emergency Planning & Community Right-to-Know Act, hereafter referred
to as EPCRA. Specifically, it:
a. establishes the policies and procedures under which Franklin County
will operate in the event of a hazardous materials incident, oil spill, or
other release;
b. prepares Franklin County and its political subdivisions for incident
response and minimizes the exposure to or damage from materials that
could adversely impact human health and safety or the environment;
and,
c. outlines the roles, responsibilities, procedures and organizational
relationships of government agencies and private entities when
responding to and recovering from a hazardous materials event.
B. Scope
1. Emergency Support Functions are the strategic planning annexes to the
CEMP. The ESF 10 provides for a coordinated response to actual or
potential discharges and/or releases of hazardous materials within Franklin
County.
2. Planning for every hazardous material contingency is beyond the scope of
this ESF. This ESF provides broad objectives that will provide the
greatest protection of life and health, the environment and property.
C. Local Emergency Planning Committee (LEPC)
1. Washington Administrative Code 118-40-50 Emergency Planning
Districts - Designations.
a. The chief elected official of the local emergency planning district shall
appoint the local emergency planning committee.
b. Cities and towns that do not have active emergency management
organizations as required by chapter 38.52 RCW are considered part of
the county planning district in which they are located for the purposes
of EPCRA emergency response planning.
c. Any town, city or political jurisdiction identified in RCW 38.52.070
may petition the state emergency response commission to be
designated as a local emergency planning district. Prior to the approval
of such designation the proposed local emergency planning district
must have selected the membership of the proposed local emergency
planning committee and be in full compliance with the requirements of
EPCRA.
d. Any local emergency planning district and the respective local
emergency planning committee existing prior to the effective date of
this rule change shall be recognized.
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2. Washington Administrative Code 118-40-160 Local emergency planning
committee — Organization membership.
a. Each local committee shall include, at a minimum, representation from
each of the following groups or types of organizations as specified by
Section 301(c) of EPCRA:
1) State and local officials.
2) Law enforcement.
3) Emergency management.
4) Firefighting.
5) Emergency Medical Services
6) Health profession.
7) Local environmental.
8) Hospital.
9) Transportation personnel.
10) Broadcast and print media
11) Community groups.
b. Owners and operators of facilities subject to the requirements of
Section 302(b) of EPCRA.
c. Each local emergency planning committee shall appoint a chairperson
and establish rules by which the committee shall operate.
d. Committee rules shall include provisions for public notification of
committee activities, public meetings to discuss the emergency plan,
public comments, response to such comments by the committee, and
distribution of emergency response plans to the general public.
e. Each local emergency planning committee shall submit annually, to
the state emergency response commission, a list of their membership
and the organizations they represent.
3. Washington Administrative Code 118-40-170 Local emergency planning
committee — Responsibilities.
a. Each local emergency planning committee shall complete the
preparation of a hazardous materials emergency response plan. In the
development of the plan, as specified by Sections 303 (a), (b), (c) and
324 (a), (b), EPCRA, committee duties include, but are not limited to:
1) Forming a local planning team.
2) Designating a team leader.
3) Evaluating the resources needed to develop, implement,
and exercise the emergency plan.
4) Identifying existing emergency response equipment and
personnel.
5) Conducting a needs assessment of emergency response
equipment and personnel requirements.
6) Providing oversight for preparation of the plan by the local
planning team.
b. Each local committee shall establish procedures for receiving and
processing requests from the general public for information under
Section 324 (including Tier II information under Section 312) EPCRA.
Such procedures shall include the designation of an official to serve as
committee coordinator for all information requests. PUBLIC
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RECORDS REQUEST FORM RCW CHAPTER 42.56 PUBLIC
RECORDS ACT.
4. Washington Administrative Code 118-40-180 Hazardous material
emergency response plan - Content, guidelines, evaluation process.
a. Each local emergency planning committee shall complete a hazardous
materials emergency response plan as required by Section 303 (a), (b),
(c), EPCRA.
b. The local emergency planning committee shall submit an electronic
copy of the completed plan to: Washington State Emergency Response
Commission, Washington Military Department Emergency
Management Division.
c. At a minimum, the plan shall include the requirements of EPCRA, the
standards of the NRT-1 guidelines, and the concepts of the
Washington state comprehensive emergency management plan as it is
written.
d. Upon receipt of a local emergency planning committee hazardous
material emergency response plan, the state emergency response
commission shall:
1) Send a letter to the local emergency planning committee
formally acknowledging the receipt of the plan and
informing them of the review process.
2) Copies of the plan will then be reviewed for comment
within ninety days of receipt as required by EPCRA.
3) Upon completion of this review the state emergency
response Commission shall, as appropriate, send a letter to
the submitting local emergency planning committee
acknowledging receipt and providing reviewer's comments
as appropriate in meeting the intent of EPCRA.
5. The local emergency planning committees shall review and update, as
appropriate, their plans annually. Changes to the plan shall be submitted
to the state emergency response commission. If there are no changes to the
local plan, the local emergency planning committee shall provide written
notification to the state emergency response commission within thirty days
of the review's completion.
D. USC Title 42 Chapter 116 (EPCRA) Subchapter I Section 11003(c) requires
emergency planning to include (but is not limited to) each of the following:
a. Identification of facilities subject to the requirements of this
subchapter that are within the emergency planning district,
identification of routes likely to be used for the transportation of
substances on the list of extremely hazardous substances referred to in
section 11002(a) of this title, and identification of additional facilities
contributing or subjected to additional risk due to their proximity to
facilities subject to the requirements of this subchapter, such as
hospitals or natural gas facilities (Reference: Appendix A – REGULATED
FACILITIES)
b. Methods and procedures to be followed by facility owners and
operators and local emergency and medical personnel to respond to
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any release of such substances. Each facility and agency is responsible
for creating and following their specific plans, procedures and standard
operating guides as they pertain to the EPCRA requirements.
II. POLICIES
1. The State Department of Ecology (ECY) has overall responsibility for 24-
hour environmental pollution prevention, preparedness, and response
within the state of Washington as identified in the 2014 Northwest
Contingency Plan - https://rrt10nwac.com/NWACP/Default.aspx .
2. The emergency field response to incidents of hazardous materials spills
and releases is the responsibility of the fire services. The Washington State
Patrol is Incident Command for hazardous materials incidents in the entire
county, not just on state highways, unless a fire agency having authority
has specifically notified the WSP that they will assume Incident Command
Authority in their jurisdiction.
III. Authorities
Local
Interlocal Cooperation Agreement - Emergency Management Organization
Interlocal Agreement, 11/2012
State statutes and regulations
• RCW 38.52.070 - Local organizations and joint local organizations authorized -
Establishment, operation - Emergency powers, procedures.
• Chapter 70.136 RCW - Hazardous materials incidents.
• RCW 70.136.030 - Incident command agencies - Designation by political
subdivisions.
• RCW 90.56.020 – Director responsible for spill response (Department of
Ecology).
• Chapter 118-40 WAC - Hazardous chemical emergency response planning and
community right-to-know reporting.
• Chapter 296-824-30005 WAC - Train your employees.
• Chapter 296-824 WAC - Emergency response.
Federal statutes and regulations
• 40 CFR Part 355 - Emergency Planning and Notification
• 40 CFR Part 370 - Hazardous Chemical Report: Community Right-to-Know
• U.S. Code: Title 42, Chapter 116, Section 11003a-g - Comprehensive Emergency
Response Plans
• Comprehensive Preparedness Guide (CPG) 101 March, 2009.
• National Response Framework – March, 2008
• 29 CFR 1910.120 - Hazardous waste operations and emergency response.
IV. SITUATION
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A. Emergency/Disaster Conditions and Hazards
See Franklin County Hazard Identification and Vulnerability Assessment, Appendix 7 in the Franklin County
Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan (CEMP)
Franklin County has a number of facilities that use, store or transport extremely
hazardous substances and are regulated facilities subject to EPCRA within the
LEPC planning district of Franklin County. These facilities/industries are listed in
Appendix B of this document. Even though Franklin County has a large number
of hazardous materials facilities, in general, the county doesn’t have robust
HAZMAT response capability. The predominant response capability for fire
agencies in Franklin County are focused on wild land fire response, with the
exception of the city of Pasco and Fire Protection District #3.
While companies from neighboring jurisdictions are not subject to reporting their
inventory to Franklin County, a release or spill may impact your community,
transportation corridors and/or waterways.
1. Fire Departments/Districts in Franklin County have the primary response
function for hazardous materials. Those jurisdiction(s) not belonging to
the SEWSOG have designated the Washington State Patrol as their IC for
HAZMAT response. Fire Districts 1, 2, 4 and 5 have WSP designated as
their IC for HAZMAT response in Franklin County facilities (Reference:
Appendix C – INCIDENT COMMAND AGENCY). The majority of Franklin
County has minimal to no HAZMAT response capabilities beyond basic
awareness level training - see Appendix F.
2. For the most part, Franklin County has a minimal HAZMAT response
capability. Only the city of Pasco and Fire District #3 are members of the
SEWSOG, and their capability is moderate to average. The entire rest of
the county relies on the Washington State Patrol to respond as IC and at an
awareness level response only. Any response above and beyond the
awareness level will require contractual service from a private
entity/agency for response. The SEWSOG Team may respond if
requested, but it will be at a contractual fee.
Franklin County has robust Memorandums of Understanding for general
fire response/EMS/etc. but they exclude HAZMAT response.
3. Hazardous materials are commonly stored, used, transported and
manufactured in Franklin County. Transportation of hazardous materials
through Franklin County creates a potential for emergencies affecting
populated areas. Hazardous materials transported through populated areas
by road, rail, and water create the most significant hazard due to their
frequency and quantity. Franklin County is an agriculturally focused
county. Large quantities of fuel (by rail, barge and vehicle) are transported
daily. Large quantities of anhydrous ammonia are utilized at our food
processing facilities. A myriad of other hazardous materials are utilized
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for various other needs/uses.
4. The DOE-Hanford and the Columbia Generating Station plans are
addressed separately as stand-alone plans to the Franklin County CEMP
(https://franklinem.org/fcem-plans-documents/ )
5. Franklin County has six main corridors that are regularly utilized for the
transportation of hazardous materials. Additionally, these same corridors
can be utilized for evacuation depending on each unique situation:
a.) Highway 395/397 that runs north to south
b.) Glade North Road that runs north to south
c.) Highway 17 that runs north to south
d.) Highway 182 that runs east to west
e.) Columbia River
f.) Snake River
See Appendix E for a map depicting these routes
B. Planning Assumptions
An accidental release of hazardous materials could pose a threat to the local
population or environment.
• Fixed facilities (chemical plants, tank farms, laboratories, and industries
operating hazardous waste sites which produce, generate, use, store, or
dispose of hazardous materials) could be damaged so that existing spill
control apparatus and containment measures need initial response support
and help.
• Hazardous materials that are transported may be involved in railroad
accidents, highway collisions, or airline incidents.
• Damage to, or rupture of, pipelines, transporting materials that are
hazardous if improperly released will present serious problems.
• Emergency exemptions may be needed for disposal of contaminated
material. All cleanup and disposal operations will be coordinated, paid for
ad managed by the responsible party.
• A hazardous materials incident may be caused by or occur during another
emergency, such as flooding, a major fire or earthquake. A major
transportation hazardous materials incident may require the evacuation of
citizens from any location in Franklin County along these main arterials:
a.) Highway 395/397 that runs north to south
b.) Glade North Road that runs north to south
c.) Taylor Flats Road that runs north to south
d.) Pasco-Kahlotus highway that runs north to south
e.) State Route 170 that runs east to west
f.) Highway 182 that runs east to west
g.) Eltopia West Road that runs east to west
h.) State Route 260
i.) Highway 17 that runs north to south
j.) Columbia River
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k.) Snake River
The length of time available to determine the scope and magnitude of a hazardous
materials incident will impact protective action recommendations. As will the
response capability of the fire agency in the affected area. Wind shifts and other
changes in weather conditions during the course of an incident may necessitate
changes in protective action recommendations.
If an evacuation is recommended because of the hazardous materials incident, 80
percent of the population in an affected area will typically relocate voluntarily
when advised to do so by local authorities. Some residents will leave by routes
other than those designated by emergency personnel as evacuation routes. Some
residents of unaffected areas may also evacuate spontaneously. People who
evacuate may require shelter in a mass care facility. Residents with access and
functional needs may require assistance when evacuating.
Hazardous materials could possibly enter water or sewer systems and necessitate
the shutdown of those systems.
C. Limitations
1. This plan does not imply, nor should it infer or guarantee a perfect response
will be practical or possible. No plan can shield individuals from all events.
As government assets and systems may be overwhelmed, jurisdictions can
only try to make every reasonable effort to respond based on the situation,
information and resources available at the time of the event.
2. Responders will attempt to coordinate the plan and response according to
Federal and State standards/requirements.
3. Every reasonable effort will be made to respond to emergencies, events or
disasters; however, personnel and resources may be overwhelmed.
4. There may be little to no warning during specific events to implement
operational procedures.
5. Successful implementation of this plan depends on timely identification of
capabilities and available resources at the time of the incident and a thorough
information exchange between responding organizations and the facility or
transporter.
6. Each agency, facility and jurisdiction will respond within the limits of their
training, capabilities and qualifications.
7. This plan does not imply, infer or guarantee a perfect response will be
practical or even possible. No plan can shield individuals from impacts of an
event/emergency.
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8. Responders will attempt to coordinate the plan and response according to
standards, procedures, laws and their training.
9. Each agency and jurisdiction will respond within the limits of their training,
capabilities and qualifications.
10. There may be little to no warning during an event/emergency to implement
operational procedures, protocols and standards.
11. Successful implementation of any plan depends on timely identification of
capabilities and available resources at the time of the incident and a thorough
information exchange between responding organizations.
12. This plan does not cover the DOE-Hanford or Columbia Generating Station
plans. They are addressed separately as standalone plans to the Franklin
County CEMP. (http://www.franklinem.org/fcem-plans-documents/pdf ).
IV. CONCEPT OF OPERATIONS
A. General
1. Washington State Patrol (WSP) is the designated Incident Command
Agency for hazardous materials incidents on state and interstate highways,
and in those jurisdictions where this role has been delegated to the WSP
by the jurisdiction (Reference: Appendix C – INCIDENT COMMAND AGENCY).
2. When an incident occurs on a highway or in designated jurisdictions, the
WSP will establish a unified command system with fire departments,
emergency medical services, and other state and federal agencies.
3. The State Department of Ecology has overall responsibility for 24-hour
environmental pollution prevention, preparedness and response within the
State of Washington.
4. The Office of Emergency Management is the designated “community
emergency coordinator”.
5. The responsible party having a HAZMAT Emergency will immediately
have their facility emergency coordinator contact:
a. SECOMM Emergency Dispatch: 9-1-1
b. Washington State Duty Officer: 1.800.258.5990
c. Emergency Management:
i. 509.545.3546 Office
ii. 509.492.1373 Director
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iii. 509.628.0333 24-hr Dispatch
d. Local Fire Agency in their jurisdiction
6. The Franklin County Local Emergency Planning Committee (LEPC) will
assist in preparing and reviewing hazardous material response plans and
procedures. The authorized representative of the regulated facilities and
transportation companies involved in an actual or suspected release of a
hazardous material will promptly notify the South East Communications
(SECOMM) Dispatch Center and/or appropriate response agency(s) of the
incident. They will also make recommendations to the responding
agencies on how to contain the release and protect the public and
environment.
7. Agencies responding to the release will do so only to the extent of their
personnel’s training and qualification, available resources and capabilities.
The Incident Commander will request the assistance of regional, mutual
aid partners when the size and scope of the hazardous materials incident
exceeds the response capabilities of the primary response agency.
8. The first priority of the Incident Commander will be to determine the
appropriate protective action for the public, disseminate such
recommendations, and implement them. This should be done through the
Franklin County Emergency Coordination Center, if it is activated/open.
Incident Command will coordinate with the ECC Emergency Manager for
activation of any of the alerting systems.
9. Agencies responding to the release will assist with the identification of the
party responsible for the hazardous materials incident through the
collection and reporting of relevant information related to their response
activities. Incident-related information should be reported to the Incident
Commander.
B. Direction and Control
Franklin County has adopted NIMS/ICS standards for response and any response
will incorporate the NIMS/ICS principles and structure in accordance with RCW
70.136.030 and designate Incident Command.
JURISDICTION INCIDENT COMMAND
AGENCY
DESIGNATION
DATE
Franklin County FPD#1 Washington State Patrol 03/02/2010
Franklin County FPD#2 Washington State Patrol 03/02/2010
Franklin County FPD#3 Franklin County FPD#3 12/19/2000
Franklin County FPD#4 Washington State Patrol 03/02/2010
Franklin County FPD#5 Washington State Patrol 03/02/2010
City of Connell (FPD #1) Washington State Patrol 03/02/2010
City of Kahlotus (FPD #2) Washington State Patrol 03/02/2010
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Mesa (FPD #1)) Washington State Patrol 03/02/2010
Pasco Pasco Fire Department 12/19/2000
Port of Pasco Pasco Fire Department 02/01/1988
Unincorporated Area Washington State Patrol 03/02/2010
1. Fire Departments/Districts
The local fire department or district will act as the lead agency for a
hazardous material response unless otherwise designated to the
Washington State Patrol – See Appendix C. They may opt to institute
unified command with the responsible party/agency.
2. The Southeast Washington Special Operations Group (SEWSOG)
Hazardous Materials Response Team
The SEWSOG responds within the boundaries of Pasco and Franklin
District 3, they may be called by the other entities in Franklin County, but
will be charged for services. The team has a Board of Directors comprised
of representatives from the four counties’ fire department/districts
(Richland, Kennewick, Pasco, Benton County Fire Protection District #1,
Benton County Fire Protection District #2, the City of Walla Walla Fire
Department, Walla Walla County Fire Protection Districts #4 and #5 and
the City of Yakima Fire Department.
The team’s host department (for administrative control) is Benton County
Fire District #1. The team maintains its own agreement and bylaws. In
incident situations, the team works under the direction of the jurisdiction
in which the incident occurred. SEWSOG response assets and personnel
are spread across the four counties (Benton, Franklin, Walla Walla and
Yakima). This will allow for “Assessment Teams/Equipment/Vehicles” to
be located across the four counties for an expeditious deployment and
arrival on scene. If more assets are required, they will be sent from their
location with the four counties.
SEWSOG operates using an assessment concept which includes the
nearest assessment company being dispatched to the incident to conduct a
incident assessment and provide technical assistance to the Incident or
Unified Commander in determining a mitigation strategy.
3. Washington State Patrol
Per RCW 70.136, the Washington State Patrol has jurisdiction of all
hazardous materials responses/releases in Washington State, unless by
mutual agreement, that role has been assumed by another designated
incident command agency. WSP will institute Unified Command at the
scene of a HAZMAT incident. WSP will provide support for those
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political subdivisions that are lacking sufficient response capabilities.
(Reference: Appendix C – INCIDENT COMMAND AGENCY).
WSP will not:
a. assume operational control of authorized emergency response
agencies, unless they are serving as the on-scene HazMat Incident
Commander;
b. provide personnel for HAZMAT entry teams;
c. be responsible for cleanup costs;
d. be responsible for expenses incurred by responding emergency
agencies.
4. Lourdes Health Network
Lourdes Hospital, in Franklin County, has the capability to decontaminate
individuals. On larger scale releases, the Benton-Franklin Counties Mass
Casualty Incident Plan and Disaster Medical Control Center plans will be
enacted.
5. The Washington State Department of Ecology
a. The State Department of Ecology has overall responsibility for 24-
hour environmental pollution prevention, preparedness and
response within the state of Washington.
b. Ecology acts as the pre-designated state incident agency for
incidents that occur on marine and fresh water and inland spills
where the Washington State Patrol (WSP) or local On-Scene
Commander has curtailed emergency response operations.
c. Ecology will act as the lead agency for spill containment, clean up,
and natural resources damage assessment activities, including
marine/fresh water spills. Refer to the Northwest Area
Contingency Plan (NWACP), for more information on spill
preparedness and response. The NWACP is a joint agreement
between the U.S. Coast Guard, U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA), and the states of Oregon, Idaho and Washington.
6. Franklin County Emergency Management
Emergency Management will be a repository for Tier II reports in Franklin
County, they will additionally keep records/files of incidents that are
reported to the agency. Emergency Management will coordinate with the
lead jurisdictions Incident Commander or the Washington State Patrol in
the event of a hazardous materials incident through the Emergency
Coordination Center when requested by the Incident Commander.
Public Information duties are the responsibility of the Incident
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Commander to delegate. FCEM has the ability to utilize the Emergency
Alert System and Code Red Electronic Telephone Notification System to
disseminate emergency public information.
C. Release Identification
The recognized methods and procedures responders will use to identify the
release of hazardous materials vary by training and qualification. First
responders will limit their actions to identify the occurrence of a release to
those protocols specified for the hazardous materials response qualification
level to which they are trained and currently qualified. Responders will
follow their protocols per their specific level of training.
Releases of hazardous materials in transit will most likely be observed by the
transport agent, citizens and/or responders. The methods and procedures
used to determine a release occurred will also vary by the qualification of the
responder and the resources available to the transport agent.
The recognized methods and procedures facilities use for determining a
release occurred are air sampling/monitoring systems, visual inspections
and environmental conditions.
The recognized methods and procedures Franklin County responders will
use to identify the release of hazardous materials vary by training and
qualification. First responders will limit their actions to identify the
occurrence of a release to those protocols specified for the hazardous
materials response qualification level to which they are trained and
currently qualified and outlined in their agency’s emergency response plan
per WAC 296-824-20005
• Responders trained to the awareness level are likely to witness or
discover a hazardous substance release; are trained to initiate an
emergency response by notifying the proper authorities of the release
and take no further action beyond notifying the authorities.
• Responders trained to the operational level will respond to actual or
potential releases in order to protect nearby persons, property, and/or
the environment from the effects of the release. They are trained to
respond defensively, without trying to stop the release and may try to
confine the release from a safe distance, keep it from spreading and/or
protect other from hazard exposures.
• Responders trained to the technician level will respond with the intent
of stopping the release and are trained to approach the point of release
offensively in order to either plug, patch or stop the release using other
methods.
D. Notification
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Three methods of warning may be used in Franklin County: The
Emergency Alert System, the CodeRED system and Route Alerting.
a. The Emergency Alert System is the primary warning method in
Franklin County. It can be activated by authorized officials in each
jurisdiction, according to procedures contained in the Columbia
Basin EAS Operational Area Plan. This system relies on all Radio
and Television stations in the area to monitor the Common
Program Control Station (KONA) and re-broadcast any emergency
messages immediately. The Emergency Alert System results in
wide-area alerting of up to four counties.
b. The CodeRED system is a geo-spatial web based electronic
notification system that utilizes residents home/cell phone number
to send an emergency/warning message to residents that have
signed up for the free-to-residents service.
c. Route alerting may be used in addition to an Emergency Alert
System message. Route alerting includes the use of loud speakers
or public address systems on emergency vehicles or door-to-door
canvassing of an area to ensure that residents have received the
warning. In fast-breaking situations when protective actions must
be taken immediately, route alerting would be the most expeditious
method to warn the public. However, the ability to conduct route
alerting would be limited if the safety of emergency workers is in
question. Route Alerting is the most time-consuming of the
methods available, but can be concentrated in a smaller area.
E. Emergency Response
1. General Response
a. Identify the type or types of materials involved, and the scope of the incident
as quickly as possible. Identification may be provided by the responsible
party or by reading a placard(s) and references such as North American
Response Guidebook, ChemTrec and CAMEO/ALOHA.
b. Protective actions will be decided upon by the Incident Commander or, after
an emergency has been declared, by the Emergency Chairman in the
Emergency Coordination Center. Decisions made to avoid or minimize
exposure to hazardous materials will be based on many factors including:
1. Type and quantity of material
2. Duration of a release
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3. Projected time that a release is expected if it has not already
occurred.
4. Meteorological conditions
5. Characteristics of the population that may be affected
6. Most likely exposure pathway, i.e. direct exposure through
inhalation or contact with the material, or contamination of
water and food supplies
c. There are two basic protective actions that may be taken. The appropriate
action will be determined in conjunction with the
1. Shelter in place - the public would be instructed to stay indoors
with all windows and vents closed to prevent any outside air
from entering the structure.
2. Evacuation - the public would be instructed to leave a
designated area.
d. Additionally, there are secondary controls that can be used for further
protection.
1. Access Control - prevent the public from entering a designated
area.
2. Ingestion protection - prevent the public and animals from
consuming contaminated foods or water.
e. Once the hazards of the site have been identified, the appropriate personal
protective equipment shall be selected that provides a level of protection at
or below permissible exposure limits.
f. Law enforcement will be in charge of route alerting and/or evacuation and
will determine the appropriate evacuation routes and access control points.
g. The Incident Commander is responsible to ensure the safety of all
emergency workers and will appoint a safety officer to carry out this
responsibility. If the Incident Commander chooses not to appoint a Safety
Officer, he/she assumes that role for the duration of the incident.
h. As outlined in Title 29 CFR 1910.120, all suspected conditions that may
pose inhalation or skin absorption hazards that are immediately dangerous
to life, health, or other conditions that may cause health or serious harm,
shall be identified during the preliminary survey.
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i. Additional information in the form of news releases and briefings will be
released by the on-scene Public Information Officer. After activation of
the Emergency Coordination Center, information will be coordinated with
the on-scene Public Information Officer and released by the Emergency
Coordination Center Public Information Officer.
j. The designated hazardous materials Incident Commander will assume
operational control, make necessary decisions and initiate warnings to
protect the health and safety of the public near the scene, and emergency
workers on the scene. Within Franklin County, if the local jurisdiction
does not designate an Incident Command Agency, the Washington State
Patrol assumes Incident Command for the jurisdiction (RCW 70.136.030).
The WSP and local fire agency may opt to implement Unified Command.
Incident Command responsibility by jurisdiction is as follows:
JURISDICTION INCIDENT COMMAND
AGENCY
DESIGNATION
DATE
Franklin County FPD#1 Washington State Patrol 03/02/2010
Franklin County FPD#2 Washington State Patrol 03/02/2010
Franklin County FPD#3 Franklin County FPD#3 12/19/2000
Franklin County FPD#4 Washington State Patrol 03/02/2010
Franklin County FPD#5 Washington State Patrol 03/02/2010
City of Connell (FPD #1) Washington State Patrol 03/02/2010
City of Kahlotus (FPD #2) Washington State Patrol 03/02/2010
Mesa (FPD #1)) Washington State Patrol 03/02/2010
Pasco Pasco Fire Department 12/19/2000
Port of Pasco Pasco Fire Department 02/01/1988
Unincorporated Area Washington State Patrol 03/02/2010
(Reference: Appendix C – INCIDENT COMMAND AGENCY).
k. Response levels categorize hazardous materials incidents by the severity
of the threat to public health or the environment. The severity of an
incident is dependent on the amount of material spilled, the location, the
toxicity of the material, and potential for exposure.
Three levels of emergencies are defined by increasing severity, as follows:
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2. Washington State Department of Ecology
a. Act as the State On-Scene Commander (OSC) for state oil and hazardous
material spills, except on the highways or where the local jurisdiction or
WSP is designated IC.
b. Provide 24-hour response to hazardous material, oil spill, or other release
incidents.
c. Make emergency notifications.
d. Determine the source and course of the incident.
e. Identify the responsible party for a hazardous material, oil spill, or release
incident.
f. Assume responsibility for incident management and cleanup if the
responsible party is unavailable, unresponsive, or unidentified.
g. Set clean-up standards for the state. Ensures that source control,
containment, cleanup, and disposal are accomplished.
h. Assist in monitoring and ensuring the safety of first responders and
other personnel.
i. Initiate enforcement actions, as appropriate.
j. Coordinate spill response with other state and federal agencies, and
local jurisdictions using Unified Command (UC) and the ICS.
k. Establish a Joint Information Center (JIC) with involved agencies
and the responsible party to provide current and accurate information to
the community.
l. Activate and coordinate the activities of the Natural Resource
Response Level
Description
I. Potential Emergency
Condition
An incident or threat of a release which can be controlled by
the first response agencies and does not require evacuation of
other than the involved structure or the immediate outdoor
area. The incident is confined to a small area and does not
pose an immediate threat to life or property. EAL: Elevated
hazardous material concentration(s) onsite but < ERPG-2
level(s) at the site boundary.
II. Limited Emergency
Condition
An incident involving a greater hazard or larger area which
poses a potential threat to life or property and which may
require a limited evacuation of the surrounding area. EAL:
>ERPG-2 level offsite but is not >ERPG-3 offsite.
III. Full Emergency
Condition
An incident involving a severe hazard or a large area which
poses extreme threat to life and property and will probably
require a large-scale evacuation; or an incident requiring the
expertise or resources of county, state, federal or private
agencies/organizations. EAL: ERPG-3 exceeded offsite.
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Damage Assessment (NRDA) team.
m. Participate in the activities of the Washington Wildlife Rescue
Coalition.
n. Notify the appropriate resource trustee agency of injury to fish,
shellfish, habitat, or other wildlife.
o. Make on-site inspections to hazardous materials, oil spill or other
releases.
p. Provide maritime expertise and advice to the state OSC.
3. Washington State Patrol
a. Assume the role of IC on state and interstate highways, and in
certain local jurisdictions (RCW 70.136.030). See topic E. Emergency
Response, element j and Appendix C – INCIDENT COMMAND AGENCY.
b. Assist local jurisdictions with law enforcement and evacuations.
c. Assist local jurisdictions with ICS functions, when requested.
d. Coordinate and maintain liaison with other state agencies involved
with an incident.
e. Assist in receiving and disseminating warning information.
f. Provide communications and technical support to the incident.
g. Provide aerial reconnaissance of impacted area.
h. Coordinate fire resources when emergency mobilization is authorized for a
hazardous materials incident.
i. Provide 24-hour statewide communications support.
j. Request support and assistance from the EOC or emergency
management staff.
k. Provide communications officer capability.
l. Provide aerial support for critical incidents, upon request and with the
approval of the WSP chain of command.
4. The Southeast Washington Special Operations Group (SEWSOG)
Hazardous Materials Response Team
a. Respond to incidents in Franklin County if requested. The Incident
Command System will be utilized, and the local jurisdiction or the
Washington State Patrol will be Incident Command. Typically, a Unified
Command will be used, to coordinate the efforts of the hazardous
materials team, fire service, EMS, and law enforcement.
b. Request support and assistance from the ECC or emergency management
staff as needed.
c. Currently in Franklin County, only the City of Pasco and Franklin County
Fire Protection District #3 are members of the SEWSOG. Non-members
may be able to contract with SEWSOG for response, if agreeable to all
parties.
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5. Local Fire Departments and Districts
a. Act as the designated command agency for much of Franklin County’s
hazardous materials response. Whether they are acting as the primary
Incident Command, or working with other agencies utilizing the Unified
Command structure, fire service has a responsibility for the accountability
and safety of personnel as well as the general population. Most Fire
Protection Districts in Franklin County will utilize unified command with
the WSP, with the exceptions being Pasco Fire and Fire Protection District
#3 as shown in topic E. Emergency Response, element j.
b. Initiate efforts to reduce or contain the hazard(s), evacuation, and
medical care to anyone exposed to the hazard after obtaining as much
information about the hazard and approved emergency actions as possible.
c. Assure communication with a hazardous materials team, or other
specialized resources such as Emergency Response Guides,
CHEMTREC®, Computer-Aided Management of Emergency Operations
(CAMEO®), Washington State Department of Ecology, or other experts.
d. Request support and assistance from the E C C or emergency
management staff.
6. Emergency Medical Services (EMS)
a. Act as a support agency or group for a hazardous materials response. The
hazardous materials teams have Emergency Medical Technicians (EMTs)
and paramedics as members. Other EMS providers must also utilize the
Incident Command System.
b. Size up information and related medical procedures from Incident
Command if the hazardous materials team or other experts are not on site.
EMS may have to wait for fire service or other hazardous materials
response personnel to remove the patient(s) from the hazard and perform
decontamination before administering aid.
c. Based on SOPs, EMS on scene may need to coordinate with the Incident
Commander to arrange for Advanced Life Support, and/or specialized
transportation to an appropriate medical facility.
d. EMS leaders and personnel are responsible for maintaining accountability
of personnel, and following the safety procedures established by Incident
Command.
7. Franklin County Emergency Management
a. The Franklin County Emergency Coordination Center (ECC), will be
activated as needed and by request of the Incident Commander.
Representatives of emergency response organizations (and the facility
involved if at a fixed site) will report to the center to assist in decision
making and coordination efforts as requested by the Incident Commander.
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The Emergency Management Director is responsible for managing the
operations of the Emergency Coordination Center. Upon activation, the
ECC can be utilized for State Mobilization Requests, logistics
support/coordination, mapping, public information and news releases but
only as directed by the Incident Commander. All requests for resources
and information should be passed from on-scene operations to the
Emergency Coordination Center as approved by Incident Command.
b. If the capabilities and resources of Franklin County (including existing
mutual aid agreements) become exhausted, or are in imminent danger of
becoming exhausted, a request for assistance will be made to the State
Emergency Operations Center (SEOC) for activation of the Northwest
Area Contingency Plan. The Washington Military Department,
Emergency Management division staff the SEOC Alert and Warning
Center (AWC); however, all calls for state assistance are processed by the
State Emergency Operations Officers (SEOOs) in the SEOC’s AWC and
requested/directed from Incident Command.
c. The Franklin County ECC will produce and disseminate situation reports
to the State EOC and surrounding area as appropriate and/or requested by
Incident Command.
F. Recovery Activities
The techniques and equipment used to contain a release would depend on the
type, site, health hazard, and environmental impact. The situations can be so
varied that the Incident Commander will have to make the determination. The
clean-up would be the responsibility of the party causing the incident and shall be
determined by the Department of Ecology. Any long term site control will be the
responsibility of the spiller and may involve Ecology oversight.
G. Responder Safety
It is essential on-scene response personnel are protected from the adverse effects
of hazardous materials contamination to safely perform their role in protecting the
public and mitigating the incident. The safety of response personnel is a priority
of the IC system. A Safety Officer will be appointed to the Command Staff to
assist the Incident Commander (IC) with responder safety. The Safety Officer
shall be assigned to monitor operations, identify potential safety hazards, correct
unsafe situations and develop additional methods and procedures to ensure
responder safety. The Safety Officer will be given authority to alter, suspend or
terminate any activity he/she deems is unsafe. Safety Officers must be trained to
the level of the hazmat incident, i.e., an operations level incident (gasoline spill)
requires a Safety Officer trained to the operations level.
All responders to a hazardous materials incident will:
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• Adhere to applicable local, state and federal laws, statues,
ordinances, rules, regulations, guidelines and established
standards pertaining to responder safety.
• Not exceed individual response certification level in accordance
with CFR 1910.120 (HAZWOPER) and Chapter 296-824 WAC
training under any circumstance.
H. Preparedness Activities
1. The Local Emergency Planning Committee may form emergency planning
and right-to-know subcommittees. The community right-to-know
information is updated and available to the public. This plan will be
reviewed annually and updated to identify existing and needed manpower
and equipment resources and should conduct an annual hazardous
materials emergency exercise.
2. Methods for exercising the plan will include table-top exercises, functional
drills and exercises and full-scale exercises.
a. Table-top exercises will be used to train personnel and to identify
deficiencies in the plan.
b. Functional drills and exercises will be used to train personnel and
test specific portions of the plan.
c. Full-scale exercises will be used to test the entire plan, with all
functions be demonstrated.
3. Table-top and/or functional exercises should be conducted annually, with
a full-scale exercise being conducted at least biannually. These exercises
may be combined with other exercises required by other existing programs
managed by Franklin County Emergency Management.
V. RESPONSIBILITIES
A. Primary Agencies
1. Fire Departments and Districts:
Respond to hazardous materials spills and releases and perform initial
identification and containment activities, within their capabilities
a. Provide a limited initial response to hazardous materials incidents
based on responder training and expertise.
b. Act as incident commander (except on state, interstate highways or in
areas where the Washington State Patrol is designated as incident
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commander).
c. Notify the dispatch agency when the magnitude of the incident
exceeds the expertise of the initial responder(s).
d. Identify hazardous material(s) without compromising safety (placard
number, shipping documents, driver comments, etc.).
e. Provide for the safety of the public by whatever means necessary
(evacuation, shelter-in-place).
f. Isolate the affected area in accordance with the Emergency Response
Guidebook or other appropriate resource information.
g. Effectively deploy necessary and available fire jurisdiction equipment
and manpower.
h. Deploy mutual aid, as requested.
i. Support SEWSOG with personnel, equipment, and other assistance, as
required. (Pasco Fire Department and Fire District #3)
j. Provide coordination and control of manpower and equipment
through the communications center and at a command post near the
scene.
k. Provide manpower and equipment for decontamination and
emergency medical aid at the scene of a hazardous material incident.
l. Provide manpower and equipment for control and containment of a
hazardous material release or fire involving hazardous materials,
whenever possible.
m. Provide emergency medical care and transportation for those injured
in a hazardous material incident.
n. Perform other operations which may be appropriate in accordance
with training.
o. The Incident Commander (must be HAZMAT trained) will be the
senior fire officer in the jurisdiction where a hazardous materials
incident occurs and will assume the role of Incident Commander,
unless the role has been delegated to the Washington State Patrol, and
will implement the Incident Command System to contain the
hazardous materials and protect the public, emergency workers and
the environment.
2. WSP
Coordinate on-scene activities of hazardous materials spills and releases.
If designated, See topic E. Emergency Response, element j.; Act as
designated incident command agency for hazardous materials incidents on
interstate and state highways or in areas specifically designated by the
local political entity. When the local jurisdiction does not designate an
incident command agency, assume incident command for the jurisdiction,
or establish Unified Command in accordance with RCW 70.136.030.
(See: Appendix C—INCIDENT COMMAND AGENCY) They will
implement the Incident Command System to contain the hazardous
materials and protect the public, emergency workers and the environment.
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Develop procedures for traffic control, route alerting, evacuation and
security for their jurisdiction.
Develop and conduct hazardous materials training for all levels of local
and state emergency responders.
Will provide is feasible staff support to the Emergency Coordination
Center if activated.
3. Washington State Department of Ecology
a. Coordinate the activities according to the Department of Ecology
Spill Prevention and Policy, and Spill Operations Sections.
b. Advise the Incident Commander for spill response and cleanup.
c. Provide on-scene coordination, technical information on
containment, cleanup, disposal and recovery, environmental
damage assessment, chemical analysis and evidence collection for
enforcement actions for non-radioactive hazardous materials
incidents.
d. Maintain a resource list of cleanup contractors, equipment and
technical/scientific personnel for non-radioactive hazardous materials
incidents.
e. Serve as the state On-Scene Coordinator under the Northwest Area
Contingency Plan and National Contingency Plan.
f. Provide funding for cleanup of some non-radioactive hazardous
materials incidents.
g. Coordinate damage assessments of moderate and major spills by
activating the State Natural Resource Damage Assessment Team
(NRDA) when appropriate.
4. Washington State Division of Emergency Management
a. Maintain a 24-hour duty officer system to receive notification of
incidents and requests for assistance and initial notification to local,
state and federal response agencies.
b. Provide communications links to state agencies and local jurisdictions
through the state EOC.
c. Issue mission numbers.
B. Support Agencies
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1. Mayor/County Commissioners:
The elected officials of the jurisdictions at risk have ultimate responsibility
for decision making within their jurisdiction in the event of a hazardous
materials incident.
2. Franklin County Emergency Management:
FCEM will maintain and manage the Emergency Coordination Center and
provide support to the Incident Commander when requested.
Maintain a resource directory to support hazardous materials and
emergency response.
Assist the Incident Commander and/or On-Scene PIO by disseminating
public information and instructions when requested.
Collect all data and submit the required documentation to Washington State
Emergency Operations Center (SEOC)
Function as lead agency for the Franklin County LEPC
FCEM will interface with facility Emergency Coordinators as identified in
the facility emergency response plans. Copies of these plans are housed in
the Franklin County ECC and are maintained on a regular basis by the
facility emergency coordinator for each facility. These plans identify the
potential hazard area and recommended protective actions and evacuation
routes.
Maintain reports submitted by facilities in accordance with EPCRA
regulations on behalf of the Franklin County LEPC
3. Emergency Medical Services:
Each emergency medical agency will conduct hazardous material and
incident command system training for their responders and formulate a
course of action to provide necessary medical attention for emergency
workers and the public. They will also provide staff support, if needed
and as directed by the Incident Commander, for the Emergency
Coordination Center.
4. Benton Franklin Health Department/Region 8 Public Health:
Provide staff support for the Emergency Coordination Center.
Provide advice on health impacts and protective actions.
Enforce health and sanitation regulations.
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Assist emergency medical services personnel in coordinating medical
services for emergency workers and the public.
The health officer will advise the Incident Commander and/or the Emergency
Chairman in the Emergency Coordination Center regarding re-entry into
contaminated areas.
5. South East Communications Emergency Dispatch Center
Develop and maintain standard operating guidance, checklists, and resource
listings.
Receive and disseminate notifications to designated response agencies and
maintain communications capabilities for participating members.
6. The Southeast Washington Special Operations Group (SEWSOG)
Hazardous Materials Response Team:
Conduct hazardous materials response training for their personnel.
Maintain inventories of response resources, including teams, local experts,
community and industry equipment and clean-up resources.
Provide advice to Incident Commander on protective actions and
containment services for the agencies participating with the SEWSOG.
7. Public Works:
Provide traffic barrier material as requested by law enforcement agencies.
Provide heavy equipment and diking material as requested by Incident
Commander.
If requested and personnel are available to provide staff support for the
Emergency Coordination Center.
8. Ben Franklin Transit:
Provide transportation resources as requested by the Incident Commander or
the Emergency Coordination Center.
Maintain a current listing of bus, taxi, and/or other agencies and their
availability of equipment and drivers for emergency use.
If requested and personnel are available to provide staff support for the
Emergency Coordination Center.
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9. American Red Cross: The American Red Cross will:
Provide training in shelter operations and maintain a list of shelter resources.
Provide mass care for disaster victims, feeding for emergency workers and
individualized assistance to families.
Handle all welfare inquiries for concerned families outside the disaster area.
Provide staff support to the Emergency Coordination Center.
10. Fixed Facilities With Hazardous Materials: The fixed facility with
hazardous materials will:
Develop an on-site contingency plan which specifies notification and
emergency response procedures and responsibilities. A copy of this plan will
be kept at the Franklin County ECC with the Tier II reports.
Notify the emergency dispatch center of a release and the projected area of
impact and provide technical and planning support for the off-site area.
Provide staff support to the command post and Emergency Coordination
Center to advise the Incident Commander and decision group.
11. Law Enforcement Agencies:
Each law enforcement agency will develop procedures for traffic control, route
alerting, evacuation and security for their jurisdiction.
Law enforcement personnel will attend appropriate hazardous materials-
training and conduct training on standard operating procedures.
The law enforcement agency with jurisdiction over the area of the event will
provide staff support to the Emergency Coordination Center, as necessary
and/or directed by Incident Command and will supervise re-entry into
affected areas.
12. US Environmental Protection Agency
Provide support as necessary through the Northwest Area Contingency Plan
(NWACP) joint agreement between the US Coast Guard and the US
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
13. US Coast Guard
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Provide support as necessary through the Northwest Area Contingency Plan
(NWACP) joint agreement between the US Coast Guard and the US
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
VI. EPCRA REPORTING
All facilities within Franklin County receiving, storing and/or using extremely hazardous
substances (EHS),( reference 40 CFR Part 355), must notify the SERC and LEPC in
accordance with Section 302 – Notification of Extremely Hazardous Substances and must
designate a Facility Emergency Coordinator and provide contact information for this
individual.
Per EPCRA Section 304, a facility must notify any potentially- affected SERC and LEPC of a
release at the facility in excess of the reportable quantity for the substance when the release
could result in exposure of persons outside the facility. A verbal report must be made
immediately and a written follow up report must be submitted to the SERC and LEPC that
received notification within 30 days.
In accordance with EPCRA section 311, facilities must submit Safety Data Sheets (SDS),
formerly referred to as Material Safety Data sheets (MSDS), or a SDS list of the hazardous
chemicals present on-site in excess of threshold levels to the SERC, LEPC and local fire
department/district.
EPCRA Section 312 requires facilities storing hazardous substances to provide specific
information about such chemicals to the SERC, LEPC and local fire department/district
annually via the Tier II Emergency & Hazardous Chemical Inventory Report.
VII. REFERENCES
FEMA, Guide for All-Hazard Emergency Operations Planning (SLG-101).
US Department of Transportation and Transport Canada, Emergency Response Guidebook.
SARA Title III – Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (EPCRA),
http://www.ecy.wa.gov/epcra
Public Law 99-499 – Superfund Amendment and Reauthorization Act (SARA)
Chapter 118-40 WAC – Hazardous Chemical Emergency Response Planning
VIII. ACRONYMS`
CGS – Columbia Generating Station
DOE – Department of Energy
ECC - Emergency Coordination Center
EAL – Emergency Action Level
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EPCRA – Emergency Planning and Community right-To –Know Act
ERPG – Emergency Response Planning Guidance
ESF – Emergency Support Function
LEPC – Local Emergency Planning Committee
MSDS – Material Safety Data Sheet
SARA – Superfund Amendment and Reauthorization Act
SECOMM – Southeast Communications Center
SEOC – State Emergency Operations Center
SEOO – State Emergency Operations Officer/Duty Officer
SERC – State Emergency Response Commission
SEWSOG – Southeast Washington Special Operations Group HazMat Team
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IX. Appendices
APPENDIX DESCRIPTION Page
A. Regulated Facility Types 32
B. Extremely Hazardous Facilities 33
C. Incident Command Designations 34
D. Public Safety Procedures 35
E. Evacuation Map Routes 40
F. Training Schedule 41
G. Exercise Types and Schedule 45
H. Emergency Planning and Response 48
I. Description of Emergency Equipment and Facilities 51
J. Minimum Plan Requirements Locations 56
K. Petroleum Crude Oil Response Reference 57
L. Promulgation 62
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Appendix A
REGULATED FACILITIES in Franklin County, WA
1. Anhydrous Ammonia is the main reportable EHS in Franklin County. Over 18 sites
have reportable quantities.
Clouds of anhydrous ammonia are subject to the unpredictability of air movement; they will
change direction as quickly as the breeze. Clouds of ammonia may be nearly invisible in
some atmospheric conditions, but in high concentrations may appear as white clouds. Rain
will absorb the ammonia and remove it from the air; however, the ammonia-water mixture
may still be a hazard until sufficiently deluded.
Anhydrous ammonia is lighter than air. Under cold condition, it may settle in the low areas
of the surrounding landscape, such as road ditches, sloughs and valleys. People in threatened
areas must be warned of the release and advised to leave the area or shelter in-place until the
release has been controlled and the area is considered safe. These decisions should be made
by emergency personnel, such as a local fire department.
2. Chlorine
Exposure to chlorine can occur in the workplace or in the environment following releases to
air, water, or land. Effects of chlorine on human health depend on how the amount of
chlorine that is present, and the length and frequency of exposure. Effects also depend on
the health of a person or condition of the environment when exposure occurs.
Breathing small amounts of chlorine for short periods of time adversely affects the human
respiratory system. Effects differ from coughing and chest pain, to water retention in the
lungs. Chlorine irritates the skin, the eyes, and the respiratory system. These effects are not
likely to occur at levels of chlorine that are normally found in the environment.
3. Fuel/Propane
Liquid releases flammable vapors at well below ambient temperatures and readily forms a
flammable mixture with air. Dangerous fire and explosion hazard when exposed to heat,
sparks or flame. Vapors are heavier than air and may travel long distances to a point of
ignition and flash back. Container may explode in heat or fire. Runoff to sewer may cause
fire or explosion hazard.
4. Tier II Facilities List
The name of the Facility Emergency Coordinator, addresses and personal contact
information can be secured at the Franklin County Emergency Management office - 1011 E.
Ainsworth St., Pasco, WA, 99301, 509.545.3546, or by contacting dispatch and requesting
the emergency management duty officer:
Appendix B to this plan lists the EHS in Franklin County, WA.
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Appendix B
Extremely Hazardous Sites in Franklin County, WA
RESERS FINE FOODS
INLAND EMPIRE DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS INC PASCO
CHS SUN BASIN GROWERS CONNELL GRAIN
HELENA AGRI-ENTERPRISES LLC PASCO
BOULDER CANYON ORGANICS dba JUDEL MARKETING INTL
HELENA AGRI-ENTERPRISES LLC PASCO
KENYON ZERO STORAGE INC PASCO
KENYON ZERO STORAGE INC PASCO 2
FREEZE PACK LLC PASCO
BAKER PRODUCE PASCO HOLDINGS
AMERICOLD LOGISTICS CONNELL
AMERICOLD PASCO
Grimmway Enterprises Inc Pasco
Grimmway Enterprises Inc Pasco
LAMB WESTON INC CONNELL PLANT
LAMB WESTON INC PASCO
OXARC INC PASCO
PASCO PROCESSING INDUSTRIAL WAY
RESERS FINE FOODS
SIMPLOT FROZEN VEGETABLES LLC
THE MCGREGOR CO CONNELL
THE MCGREGOR CO PASCO
TWIN CITY FOODS INC PASCO
DOUGLAS FRUIT CO INC
DOUGLAS FRUIT CO INC
DOUGLAS FRUIT CO INC
VERDESIAN LIFE SCIENCE INC
NUTRIEN AG SOLUTIONS 156 PASCO
PAPE MATERIAL HANDLING INC PASCO
KENYON ZERO STORAGE INC PASCO
HELENA AGRI-ENTERPRISES LLC PASCO
CITY of PASCO WTP BUTTERFIELD
RESERS FINE FOODS
OXARC INC PASCO
HELENA AGRI-ENTERPRISES LLC PASCO
SIMPLOT GROWER SOLUTIONS MESA
THE MCGREGOR CO ELTOPIA
HELENA AGRI-ENTERPRISES LLC PASCO
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HELENA AGRI-ENTERPRISES LLC PASCO
HELENA AGRI-ENTERPRISES LLC PASCO
INLAND EMPIRE DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS INC PASCO
TWO RIVERS TERMINAL LLC PASCO 1
Winfield United Pasco
NUTRIEN AG SOLUTIONS 156 PASCO
NUTRIEN AG SOLUTIONS PASCO 2
THE MCGREGOR CO ELTOPIA
HELENA AGRI-ENTERPRISES LLC PASCO
RESERS FINE FOODS
HELENA AGRI-ENTERPRISES LLC PASCO
INLAND EMPIRE DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS INC PASCO
Winfield United Pasco
NUTRIEN AG SOLUTIONS 150
NUTRIEN AG SOLUTIONS 156 PASCO
NUTRIEN AG SOLUTIONS PASCO 2
THE MCGREGOR CO ELTOPIA
NUTRIEN AG SOLUTIONS 150
NUTRIEN AG SOLUTIONS PASCO 2
INLAND EMPIRE DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS INC PASCO
RESERS FINE FOODS
TWO RIVERS TERMINAL LLC PASCO 1
NUTRIEN AG SOLUTIONS 156 PASCO
NUTRIEN AG SOLUTIONS PASCO 2
FREEZE PACK LLC PASCO
PAPE MATERIAL HANDLING INC PASCO
PASCO PROCESSING INDUSTRIAL WAY
LAMB WESTON COLUMBIA BASIN BLENDS
HELENA AGRI-ENTERPRISES LLC PASCO
INLAND EMPIRE DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS INC PASCO
WILBUR ELLIS CO PASCO
WILBUR ELLIS CO PASCO
RESERS FINE FOODS
RESERS FINE FOODS
TWO RIVERS TERMINAL LLC PASCO 1
RESERS FINE FOODS
CHS AGRONOMY PASCO 1
HELENA AGRI-ENTERPRISES LLC PASCO
HELENA AGRI-ENTERPRISES LLC PASCO
INLAND EMPIRE DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS INC PASCO
SIMPLOT GROWER SOLUTIONS MESA
SIMPLOT GROWER SOLUTIONS MESA
WILBUR ELLIS CO ELTOPIA
WILBUR ELLIS CO PASCO
WILBUR ELLIS CO PASCO
Franklin County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan Emergency Support Function 10: Hazardous Materials
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Winfield United Pasco
TWO RIVERS TERMINAL LLC PASCO 1
HELENA AGRI-ENTERPRISES LLC PASCO
HELENA AGRI-ENTERPRISES LLC PASCO
HELENA AGRI-ENTERPRISES LLC PASCO
THE MCGREGOR CO ELTOPIA
CHS AGRONOMY PASCO 1
CHS AGRONOMY PASCO 2
HELENA AGRI-ENTERPRISES LLC PASCO
HELENA AGRI-ENTERPRISES LLC PASCO
INLAND EMPIRE DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS INC PASCO
SIMPLOT GROWER SOLUTIONS MESA
SIMPLOT GROWER SOLUTIONS MESA
WILBUR ELLIS CO ELTOPIA
WILBUR ELLIS CO PASCO
WILBUR ELLIS CO PASCO
Winfield United Pasco
NUTRIEN AG SOLUTIONS 150
NUTRIEN AG SOLUTIONS 156 PASCO
NUTRIEN AG SOLUTIONS PASCO 2
HELENA AGRI-ENTERPRISES LLC PASCO
SIMPLOT FROZEN VEGETABLES LLC
TWIN CITY FOODS INC PASCO
Winfield United Pasco
NUTRIEN AG SOLUTIONS 156 PASCO
RESERS FINE FOODS
AMERIGAS ICE HARBOR STORAGE
BLEYHL FARM SERVICE INC PASCO 3
HELENA AGRI-ENTERPRISES LLC PASCO
OXARC INC PASCO
ATT MOBILITY ISLAND VIEW
American Rock Products Inc Batch Plant Pasco
AMERICOLD LOGISTICS CONNELL
AMERICOLD PASCO
ATT PASCO USID 10595
AutoZone Distribution Center 9788
BPA FRANKLIN STATION
BPA SCOOTENEY SUBSTATION
CenturyLink QC W00231
DOUGLAS FRUIT CO INC
FREEZE PACK LLC PASCO
HORIZON AIR PASCO
KENYON ZERO STORAGE INC PASCO
LAMB WESTON INC CONNELL PLANT
LAMB WESTON INC PASCO
Franklin County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan Emergency Support Function 10: Hazardous Materials
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NUTRIEN AG SOLUTIONS 156 PASCO
PASCO PROCESSING INDUSTRIAL WAY
RESERS FINE FOODS
SIMPLOT FROZEN VEGETABLES LLC
SIMPLOT GROWER SOLUTIONS MESA
TWIN CITY FOODS INC PASCO
TWO RIVERS TERMINAL LLC PASCO 1
TWO RIVERS TERMINAL LLC PASCO 1
UNITED RENTALS NORTH AMERICA INC PASCO
US ACOE LOWER MONUMENTAL DAM
XPO Logistics Freight Inc UPW
HELENA AGRI-ENTERPRISES LLC PASCO
Winfield United Pasco
NUTRIEN AG SOLUTIONS 150
NUTRIEN AG SOLUTIONS 156 PASCO
NUTRIEN AG SOLUTIONS PASCO 2
THE MCGREGOR CO ELTOPIA
NUTRIEN AG SOLUTIONS 156 PASCO
NUTRIEN AG SOLUTIONS PASCO 2
THE MCGREGOR CO ELTOPIA
NUTRIEN AG SOLUTIONS 156 PASCO
HELENA AGRI-ENTERPRISES LLC PASCO
Franklin County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan Emergency Support Function 10: Hazardous Materials
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Appendix C
INCIDENT COMMAND AGENCY
JURISDICTION INCIDENT COMMAND
AGENCY
DESIGNATION
DATE
Franklin County FPD#1 Washington State Patrol 03/02/2010
Franklin County FPD#2 Washington State Patrol 03/02/2010
Franklin County FPD#3 Franklin County FPD#3 12/19/2000
Franklin County FPD#4 Washington State Patrol 03/02/2010
Franklin County FPD#5 Washington State Patrol 03/02/2010
City of Connell (FPD #1) Washington State Patrol 03/02/2010
City of Kahlotus (FPD #2) Washington State Patrol 03/02/2010
Mesa (FPD #1)) Washington State Patrol 03/02/2010
Pasco Pasco Fire Department 12/19/2000
Port of Pasco Pasco Fire Department 02/01/1988
Unincorporated Area Washington State Patrol 03/02/2010
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Appendix D
PUBLIC SAFETY PROCEDURES
Shelter-in-Place
The term, shelter-in-place, means to seek immediate shelter and remain there during an
emergency rather than evacuate the area. Evacuation is the preferred public safety option.
Therefore, shelter-in-place should only be used when an evacuation is not safe. The decision
to shelter-in-place will be made by the affected jurisdiction fire department and/or law
enforcement, in consultation with a hazardous materials technician or specialist, when
possible. Once the decision to shelter-in-place is made, instructions will be relayed to the
affected population to shelter-in-place. This notification will be made using any means of
communication available, i.e., EAS; CodeRED, route alerting by available emergency
vehicles.
In the event of a critical incident where hazardous (including chemical, biological or
radiological) materials may have been released into the atmosphere either accidentally or
intentionally, a decision to shelter-in-place may be the preferred method of safely waiting
out the release. Consider providing the following instructions to citizens during a shelter-in-
place situation:
• Turn-off heating, cooling and ventilation system to prevent drawing in outside air.
• Get disaster supply kit, pets and their food and water.
• Move to a small, interior room above ground level and close doors and windows,
rooms having little or no ventilation are preferred. Seal air vents, cracks around
doors and windows with blankets, sheets, towels, plastic sheeting, duct tape or
other materials.
• Do not use the fireplace or wood stove, extinguish all burning materials and close
dampers.
• Notify those around you, and encourage others to remain in your room/ office
rather than to try to leave the building.
• Do not use the telephone unless you have an emergency.
• Listen to your local radio or television stations for further instructions.
• Stay in your rooms/ offices/ classrooms and only come out when you are told that it
is safe.
It is important following a shelter-in-place event the pubic take reverse actions. When
outside toxic levels fall below those inside structures, directives should be given to begin
ventilating buildings by restarting heating, cooling and ventilation systems and opening
windows and doors. This is a critical component of the shelter-in-place concept but one
where public compliance may become an issue.
Evacuation
The public is more likely to respond positively to an evacuation directive when they are well
informed of the threat and appropriate action to take. It is very important the IC get the
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shelter-in-place or evacuation order out to the public as expeditiously as possible to
minimize the potential of a wholesale self-evacuation. Uninformed, self-evacuees could
frustrate response operations and compromise the traffic control plan.
The IC is responsible for determining the need to evacuate, executing the evacuation order
and communicating evacuation procedures to the public. At a minimum, an evacuation
directive should include:
• Location of the hazard.
• Description of the hazard.
• Description and boundaries of the evacuation zone.
• Name and address of shelters/reception centers.
• Primary evacuation routes to be used.
• Information on how special groups, i.e., schools, nursing homes, the functionally
challenged, within the evacuation zone will be evacuated/assisted.
• Information on available public transportation system and pick-up points.
• Details on what to bring and not bring to the shelter/reception center.
• Information on security within the evacuation zone.
• Estimated time the zone/area will need to be evacuated.
• Information on how evacuees will receive instructions on when to return to the
evacuation zone.
Evacuees should also receive instructions to, time permitting:
• Gather and pack only what is most needed, with particular attention given to
medications, materials for infant care, essential documents, etc.
• Turn off heating, ventilation and cooling systems and appliances, except the
refrigerator.
• Leave gas, water and electricity on unless damage is suspected, there is a leak, or
advised to do so by authorities.
• Lock the house or building prior to leaving.
• Do not use the telephone unless it is an emergency.
• Car-pool or take only one car and drive safely. Keep all vehicle windows and
vents closed, turn on local radio station for evacuation routes and up-to-date
information.
• Follow directions given by officials along the evacuation route(s) and be prepared
to provide the right-of-way to emergency response vehicles.
• Do not call your school or go to pick-up children. The children will be moved if an
evacuation is necessary at their location. The parents of evacuated children
will be notified where to pick-up children.
Evacuation plans are specific to the individual facility and possibly to the specific chemical.
They will include special provisions and instructions for facilities in the impacted area,
especially those with captive or high risk populations, i.e., schools, hospitals, nursing
homes, prisons, etc. Provisions will be made to evacuate the elderly and physically
challenged who require assistance to comply with evacuation directive. Precautionary
evacuation of certain, high-risk members of the affected population may be recommended
even when no other segments of the population are evacuated. This could include infants,
pregnant women, persons with respiratory illnesses and the elderly.
Franklin County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan Emergency Support Function 10: Hazardous Materials
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Level 1 Get
Ready!
Residents should be aware of the danger that exists in their
area, monitor local media outlets for information. Residents
with special needs (such as a susceptibility to breathing
problems in wildfires or those with animals/pets) should take
note and begin making arrangements to evacuate. Evacuations
at this time are voluntary.
Level 2 Get Set! There is a significant risk to your area and residents should
either voluntarily relocate to a shelter or with family/friends
outside of the area OR be ready to leave at a moment’s notice.
Level 3 GO! Conditions present a specific & immediate threat to life and
safety in your area. residents should evacuate immediately
Once an evacuation is complete, no access to the evacuated area will be allowed without the
express permission of the IC, in coordination with the chief law enforcement officer. Once
the area is deemed safe, the orderly return of evacuees to the evacuated area will be
authorized through the IC. Return will be coordinated using predetermined procedures
through designated checkpoints.
Local and state law enforcement agencies will use common traffic control procedures to
keep evacuation routes open. The IC will determine the evacuation routes. The major
thoroughfares will be utilized whenever possible to expedite the flow of evacuees.
The Interstate and state routes should be considered as transportation routes for hazardous
substances and also as evacuation routes in Franklin County; however, numerous county
roads should also be considered based on the location of the hazardous materials incident.
Federal routes include:
• I-82 going north and south in the north-central part of the county.
• Hwy 97 going north and south in the north part of the county.
• Hwy 12 going east and west in the north-west part of the county
State routes include:
• SR 821 going north and south in the north part of the county.
• SR 410 east and west in the northwest part of the county.
• SR 24 going east and west in the north-central part of the county.
• SR 241going north in the north-central part of the county.
• SR 22 going east and west in the south-central part of the county.
See Appendix E for a map depicting these routes
Any combination of the following modes of transportation will be utilized to transport
evacuees from the evacuation zone to shelters/reception centers.
• Walking: When the evacuation is expected to be of short duration, evacuation zone
is limited to a small area and weather conditions are acceptable, able-bodied persons
may be asked to walk to a nearby shelter/reception center (school, parking lot,
church, field, etc.). If the hazardous material is highly flammable and ignition
sources need to be eliminated or surface arterials are in gridlock, walking would be
the chosen mode for evacuation until a safe area is reached where follow-on
transportation to a shelter/reception center is available.
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• Private vehicle (car, van, pick-up truck, etc.): When walking is not an option, use
of private vehicles is a viable alternative as long as the vehicle is in the area to be
evacuated, fueled, and in operating condition. Use of personal vehicles can be quick
and convenient and a community resource for transporting neighbors without
access to their own vehicle or persons with physical challenges that do not require
EMS level transportation.
• Public Transit (city/county bus, school bus): This mode minimizes the stress on
surface arterials and provides a means of evacuation for individuals without a
vehicle or immediate access to a vehicle when the distance to clear the evacuation
zone is too far to walk.
• EMS vehicles (ambulance or handicap equipped vehicle): This mode is primarily
used to transport the sick, infirmed or disabled from the evacuation zone to a
shelter/reception center or other, more appropriate facility.
Public school buildings are normally used as evacuation shelters/reception centers when the
evacuation is projected to last for an extended period of time; however, any large building
outside the evacuation zone with adequate facilities could be utilized as long as the owner
agrees to its use. Every effort will be made to ensure each shelter/reception center is
accessible to evacuees, including the physically challenged and elderly. This may not be
possible in every situation. In these instances, assistance will be provided and/or alternative
facilities will be identified. Alternative facilities may be required to accommodate the
special needs population, hospital patients or jail/prison inmates.
The American Red Cross (ARC) operates shelters/reception centers in Franklin County
jurisdictions. The services provided in these shelters/reception centers will be in accordance
with ESF 6 – Mass Care, Housing and Human Services, Comprehensive Emergency
Management Plan. The ARC has surveyed facilities throughout Franklin County and have
agreements with those entities to use each specific facility. These facilities usually are
churches, schools or other facilities meeting the ARC shelter requirements. Two primary
facilities in Franklin County are established as shelters with the ARC and they are the
Columbia Basin College facilities and the Trade, Recreation, Agriculture Center (TRAC).
Law enforcement personnel will be assigned to secure the perimeter of the evacuation zone
and, when environmental conditions permit, periodically patrol the interior of the evacuation
zone. Law enforcement personnel may also be dispatched to shelter/reception center
locations to provide security. The ECC, if requested, will request state assistance when the
duration of the evacuation and/or size of the evacuation zone exceeds the capabilities of
local law enforcement.
Law enforcement is responsible for verifying the identity of non-uniformed personnel
requiring access to the evacuation zone to conduct business (local and state government,
utilities, business owners, etc.) and maintaining a log recording when these individuals enter
and exit the evacuation zone.
Franklin County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan Emergency Support Function 10: Hazardous Materials
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Franklin County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan Emergency Support Function 10: Hazardous Materials
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Appendix E
EVACUATION ROUTES MAP
River Main Road (Highway/State Route City/County Road
Franklin County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan Emergency Support Function 10: Hazardous Materials
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Appendix F
TRAINING SCHEDULE
The different Franklin jurisdiction’s fire district, law enforcement, public works departments
maintain their own individual training records for due diligence purposes. All National Incident
Management System reporting is passed to the county through the NIMS Casting report system.
Responders in Franklin County will adhere to WAC 296-824-30005 to ensure their responders are
trained appropriately and are delegated appropriate roles equivalent to their certified level of
training as depicted in the tables below:
WSP provided training is available statewide with 90% of their HAZMAT training at the requesting agency’s locations
HAZARDOUS
MATERIALS COURSES Check link for Dates LOCATIONS
ICS 300 10/12-14/2021 FCEM
ICS 400 11/1-2/2021 FCEM
HAZMAT IQ 10/4-7/2021 FCEM
Most on Hold b/c of COVID WA EMD Training Calendar
https://mil.wa.gov/emergency-
management-division
Table 2
Minimum Training Durations for All Responders
If you are a: Then:
First responder at the awareness level Training duration needs to be sufficient to
provide the required competencies
First responder at the operations level You need a minimum of 8 hours training
(see Table 3)
Hazardous materials technician You need a minimum of 24 hours training
(see Table 4)
Hazardous materials specialist You need a minimum of 24 hours training
(see Table 4)
Incident commander You need a minimum of 24 hours training
(see Table 5)
Table 3
Competencies for First Responders at the Awareness Level and Operations Level
Employees must be able to show they: When they are designated as First
Responders at the:
Awareness Level Operations Level
Understand what hazardous substances are and their
associated risks.
X X
Recognize the presence of hazardous substances in an
emergency.
X X
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Table 2
Minimum Training Durations for All Responders
If you are a: Then:
Can identify the hazardous substances, when possible. X X
Understand the potential consequences of hazardous
substances in an emergency.
X X
Understand the role of a first responder at the
awareness level as described in:
• The employer's emergency response plan,
including site security and control.
• The United States Department of Transportation's
Emergency Response Guidebook. (search at:
http://www.dot.gov).
X X
Can use The United States Department of
Transportation's Emergency Response Guidebook.
X X
Recognize the need for additional resources and the
need to notify the incident's communication center
accordingly.
X X
Know basic hazard and risk assessment techniques. X
Can select and use personal protective equipment
(PPE) appropriate for first responder operations level.
X
Understand basic hazardous materials terms. X
Can perform basic control, containment, and/or
confinement operations within the capabilities of the
resources and PPE available.
X
Can implement decontamination procedures to their
level training.
X
Understand relevant standard operating and
termination procedures.
X
Table 4
Competencies for Hazardous Materials Technicians and Hazardous Materials Specialist
Employees must be able to show they: When they are designated as a
Hazardous Materials:
Technician Specialist
Have the competencies specified for the first responder
operations level. (See Table 3)
X X
Can implement an employer's emergency response plan. X X
Can function within their assigned role in the incident
command system.
X X
Understand hazard and risk assessment techniques. X X
Understand basic chemical and toxicological terminology and X X
Franklin County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan Emergency Support Function 10: Hazardous Materials
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Table 2
Minimum Training Durations for All Responders
If you are a: Then:
behavior.
Can use field survey instruments and equipment to classify,
identify, and verify materials at the incident.
X X
Can select and use personal protective equipment (PPE)
appropriate for hazardous materials technicians.
X X
Can perform advance control, containment, and/or
confinement operations within the capabilities of the resources
and PPE available.
X X
Can implement decontamination procedures to their level of
training.
X X
Understand termination procedures. X X
Can implement the local emergency response plan. X
Know of the state emergency response plan. X
Can develop a site safety and control plan. X
Understand chemical, radiological, and toxicological
terminology and behavior.
X
Understand in-depth hazard and risk techniques. X
Can use advanced survey instruments and equipment to
classify, identify and verify materials at the incident.
X
Can select and use proper specialized chemical PPE given to
hazardous materials specialists.
X
Can perform specialized control, containment, and/or
confinement operations within the capabilities of the resources
and PPE available.
X
Can determine decontamination procedures. X
Table 5
Competencies for Incident Commanders
Employees designated as Incident Commanders must be able to show they:
• Have competencies specified for the First Responder Operations Level. (See
Table 3.)
• Know of the state emergency response plan and the Federal Regional
Response Team.
• Can implement the local emergency response plan.
• Can implement the employer's emergency response plan.
• Have knowledge of the incident command system (ICS) and understand how
they relate to it.
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Table 2
Minimum Training Durations for All Responders
If you are a: Then:
• Can implement the employer's ICS.
• Understand the hazards and risks associated with employees working in
chemical protective clothing.
• Understand the importance of decontamination procedures.
Note: If the first employee arriving at the scene is not trained as an IC, they may take
control of the incident within their designated role and training level
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Appendix G
EXERCISE TYPES AND SCHEDULE
The Homeland Security Exercise and Evaluation Program (HSEEP) is capabilities and performance
based exercise program which provides a standardized policy, methodology, and terminology for
exercise design, development, conduct, evaluation, and improvement planning.
Exercise Types
Discussions-based Exercises familiarize participants with current plans, policies, agreements
and procedures, or may be used to develop new plans, policies, agreements, and procedures.
Types of Discussion-based Exercises include:
▪ Seminar. A seminar is an informal discussion, designed to orient participants to new or
updated plans, policies, or procedures (e.g., a seminar to review a new Evacuation Standard
Operating Procedure).
▪ Tabletop Exercise (TTX). A tabletop exercise involves key personnel discussing simulated
scenarios in an informal setting. TTXs can be used to assess plans, policies, and procedures.
Operations-based Exercises validate plans, policies, agreements and procedures, clarify roles
and responsibilities, and identify resource gaps in an operational environment. Types of
Operations-based Exercises include:
▪ Drill. A drill is a coordinated, supervised activity usually employed to test a single, specific
operation or function within a single entity (e.g., a fire department conducts a
decontamination drill).
▪ Functional Exercise (FE). A functional exercise examines and/or validates the
coordination, command, and control between various multi-agency coordination centers
(e.g., emergency coordination center, etc.). A functional exercise does not involve any
"boots on the ground" (i.e., first responders or emergency officials responding to an incident
in real time).
▪ Full-Scale Exercise (FSE). A full-scale exercise is a multi-agency, multi-jurisdictional,
multidiscipline exercise involving functional (e.g., emergency operation centers, etc.) and
"boots on the ground" response (e.g., firefighters decontaminating mock victims).
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Exercise Schedule:
2022 2023 2024 Exercise Title Type Open To
09/13/2022
FEMA DRESS
REHEARSAL
Qtr-3
FEMA DRESS
REHEARSAL
Jun-
Sep
Columbia Generating Station Nuclear
Plant - FSE
FSE Local
10/26/2022
FEMA
EVALUATED
Qtr-3
FEMA
EVALUATED
Jun-
Sep
Columbia Generating Station Nuclear
Plant - FSE
FSE Local
05/2022
Qtr-1 Jan-
May
DOE-Hanford Nuclear Reservation FSE Local
09/2022
Qtr-3 Jun-
Sep
Tri-Cities Airport
2021 - FE
2022 – FSE
2023 - TTX
TTX
FE
FSE
Local
10/2022
Tentative –
COVID19
Qtr-4 Oct-
Dec
FRAMATOME Nuclear Fuels FE Local
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Intentionally Left Blank
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Appendix H
EMERGENCY PLANNING AND RESPONSE
Regulatory (APPENDIX A: 40 CFR PART 68)
Subpart E — Emergency Response
Section 68.90 Applicability
(a) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, the owner or operator of a stationary
source with Program 2 and Program 3 processes shall comply with the requirements of §
68.95.
(b) The owner or operator of stationary source whose employees will not respond to
accidental releases of regulated substances need not comply with § 68.95 of this part
provided that they meet the following:
(1) For stationary sources with any regulated toxic substance held in a process above the
threshold quantity, the stationary source is included in the community emergency response
plan developed under 42 U.S.C. 11003;
(2) For stationary sources with only regulated flammable substances held in a process above
the threshold quantity, the owner or operator has coordinated response actions with the local
fire department; and
(3) Appropriate mechanisms are in place to notify emergency responders when there is a
need for a response.
Section 68.95 Emergency Response Program
(a) The owner or operator shall develop and implement an emergency response program for
the purpose of protecting public health and the environment. Such program shall include the
following elements:
(1) An emergency response plan, which shall be maintained at the stationary source and
contain at least the following elements:
(i) Procedures for informing the public and local emergency response agencies about
accidental releases;
(ii) Documentation of proper first-aid and emergency medical treatment necessary to
treat accidental human exposures; and
(iii) Procedures and measures for emergency response after an accidental release of a
regulated substance;
(2) Procedures for the use of emergency response equipment and for its inspection, testing,
and maintenance;
(3) Training for all employees in relevant procedures; and
(4) Procedures to review and update, as appropriate, the emergency response plan to reflect
changes at the stationary source and ensure that employees are informed of changes.
(b) A written plan that complies with other Federal contingency plan regulations or is
consistent with the approach in the National Response Team’s Integrated Contingency Plan
Guidance (“One Plan”) and that, among other matters, includes the elements provided in
paragraph (a) of this section, shall satisfy the requirements of this section if the owner or
operator also complies with paragraph (c) of this section.
(c) The emergency response plan developed under paragraph (a)(1) of this section shall be
coordinated with the community emergency response plan developed under 42 U.S.C.
11003. Upon request of the local emergency planning committee or emergency response
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officials, the owner or operator shall promptly provide to the local emergency response
officials information necessary for developing and implementing the community emergency
response plan.
Informative Introduction
Emergency Action Plan and Alarm Systems Requirements
The emergency action plan requirements apply to employers who will evacuate their
employees from the danger area when an emergency occurs, and who do not permit any of
their employees to assist in handling the emergency. Arrangements will be made with off-
site personnel to respond to ammonia releases at the facility.
Procedures
The procedures for preparing an emergency action plan are divided into the following
sections:
• Purpose and Scope
• Statement of Policy
• Current Revision Date
• Facility Description
• Employee Responsibilities
• Incident Discovery
• Procedures for Internal and External Notifications
The responsible party having a HAZMAT Emergency will follow their
facility’s emergency plan/procedures and ensure these offsite contacts are
made immediately:
a. Emergency Dispatch: 9-1-1
b. Washington State Duty Officer: 1.800.258.5990
c. Emergency Management:
i. 509.545.3546 Office
ii. 509.492.1373 Director
iii. 509.628.0333 24-hr Dispatch
d. Local Fire Agency om their jurisdiction
• Scenarios and Procedures
• Planning
• Logistics
• Termination and Follow-Up Activities
• Training
Purpose and Scope
This document is to ensure that the facility is properly prepared for a fire, explosion, or an
unplanned or accidental discharge of a hazardous substance. This emergency action plan
addresses the actions that will be taken.
This plan was designed specifically to conform to the following regulations:
• Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), Process Safety
Management (PSM) of Highly Hazardous Chemicals Requirements (29
CFR 1910.119)
• Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), Employee
Emergency Plans and Fire Prevention Plans, 29 CFR 1910.38(a)
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• Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), Employee
Alarm Systems, 29 CFR 1910.165
• Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Risk Management Programs for
Chemical Accidental Release Prevention (40 CFR Part 68)
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Appendix I
DESCRIPTION OF EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT and FACILITIES in
the COMMUNITY
JURISDICTION
RESOURCE EQUIPMENT/TRAINING MUTUAL AID
Pasco Fire &
FPD #3
Southeast
Washington
Special
Operations
Group
Hazardous
Materials
Response
Team
Pasco & FPD
#3 only
The team is composed of
emergency response
personnel certified
according to standards set
by the Occupational Safety
and Health Administration
(OSHA), Washington
Administrative Code
(WAC), and the National
Fire Protection Association
(NFPA). Team members are
qualified to handle a wide
range of hazardous materials
incidents.
MUTUAL AID FOR THE
HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
TEAM
1. When a requesting mutual aid
department requests the hazardous
materials team for technical
expertise, the On-Duty Chief
Officer will be contacted
immediately for direction.
2. The On-Duty Chief Officer shall
respond to any mutual aid response
and shall retain responsibility over
their personnel and equipment
unless relieved by a higher-ranking
officer from their agency. A Chief
Officer vehicle shall be utilized for
the response.
3. A recall of off-duty personnel
may be made for the Hazardous
Materials Team personnel.
4. Both on-duty and off-duty
personnel of the Hazardous
Materials Team may be
Pasco Fire &
FPD #3
HM trailer Fire personnel are certified
according to standards set
by the Occupational Safety
and Health Administration
(OSHA) standards,--
HAZMAT Awareness and
Operations;
HAZMAT Technician.
Trailer equipped to respond
to Ammonia and chlorine
releases., e.g. PPE.
Franklin County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan Emergency Support Function 10: Hazardous Materials
2021 – CEMP
p. ESF 10 -55
used for the response. Four team
members will comprise minimum
response, in addition to non-team
personnel.
5. An Engine/Rescue and
Ambulance with a minimum of
three personnel shall also respond.
6. The total minimum personnel
response is:
a. A Chief Officer
b. Four Hazardous Materials Team
members
c. Three-member Engine/Rescue
crew
7. The total minimum equipment
response is:
a. A Chief Officer vehicle
b. An Engine/Rescue
c. The Hazardous Materials Team
vehicle
8. When an agency requests the
SEWSOG Hazardous Materials
Team for offensive mitigation, the
On-Duty Chief Officer shall notify
Control and have the SEWSOG
HazMat Team activated. The
previous sections 2 - 7 shall be
followed for the incident advisory
process.
Connell/FPD #1
FPD #2
FPD #4
FPD #5
Basic Fire
Equipment
at an
Awareness
Level
Fire personnel are certified
according to standards set
by the Occupational Safety
and Health Administration
(OSHA),--HAZMAT
Awareness
Franklin County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan Emergency Support Function 10: Hazardous Materials
2021 – CEMP
p. ESF 10 -56
JURISDICTION/ LOCATION
RESOURCE AMOUNT
Yakama Nation,-
Toppenish,WA
509) 865-5121 x4402
Boom 800 feet-12”,
Spill equipment Inside 7X8 trailer
BNSF- Lyle,WA
800-832-5452 Boom 19’’ Boom-900feet,19’’ Boom-600 feet,
19’’ Boom-600 feet, 19’’ Boom-600 feet,
and 19’’ Boom-600 feet
Spill equipment in 5 air transport containers
1CD18H-24 coated
drum skimmer One -
Petroleum storage
bladder 3,000-gallon
Department of Ecology-
Central eastern
Washington 509) 754-
5088 x3137
Boom 2700 feet of 12’’ boom, 900 feet of 10’’
boom, 800 feet of 18’’ inshore boom
Spill equipment 12 spill response trailers
Phillips 66- Moses Lake,WA
509-765-7051
Radios Mobile Radio equipment
Spill equipment Inside 7X8 trailer
National Response
Corporation Environmental
Services- Pasco,WA 1-800-
33-SPILL
Air Mover Truck 60 barrel storage capacity
Backhoe One
TideWater Barge Lines-
Pasco,WA 360-6393-1491
Boom 1,800 feet of 20’’ Boom
ACT Remediation Services,
Pasco,WA
1-888-477-0015
Biohazard clean up NA
SERVPRO, Walla Walla, WA 1-
888-629-1222
Biohazard clean up NA
Able Clean Up
Technologies (Coverage area
Eastern WA)
1-509-466-5255
Primary Service is oil
and chemical Clean up
and materiel
remediation.
NA
Big Sky Industrial (Coverage
area Eastern WA) 1-509-624-
4949
Oil and chemical Clean
up and materiel
remediation.
NA
NRC Environmental
Services(Coverage area
national) 1-800-337-7455
All environment oil
clean up.
NA
FOAM INVENTORY - TRI-CITIES AREA
FREEZE QNTY SIZE
TOTAL
GAL APPLICATION
CONTACT
INFORMATION
PROTCTD
Franklin County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan Emergency Support Function 10: Hazardous Materials
2021 – CEMP
p. ESF 10 -57
Tidewater,
Pasco, WA AFFF Ansulite 3% no
5
drums
55
gal
ea
275
gallons
on
pallets
Ag chemicals,
diesel, non-
oxygenated
gasoline (NOT for
ethanol) stored in
temperature
controlled
warehouse
Tidewater Terminal
Company
AR-
AFFF
Ansulite 3%
X 3% no
2
totes
265
gal
ea
530
gallons
foam
trailer
w/350 or
500 gpm
nozzle
diesel, all
gasolines, ethanol
- stored in a
temperature
controlled
warehouse at the
Tidewater Pasco
Terminal
Mark Davis, GM
mark.davis@tidewat
er.com
AR-
AFFF
Ansulite 3%
X 3% no
10
drums
55
ga
l ea
550
gallons
on
pallets 671 Tank Farm Rd
AR-
AFFF
Chem -
guard
3% X 3% yes
2
totes
265
gal
ea
530
gallons
foam
trailer
w/350 or
500 gpm
nozzle
diesel, all
gasolines, ethanol Pasco, WA 99301
Total Tidewater Pasco foam
inventory :
1885
gallons
Office: 509-547-
7701
Cell: 509-396-1179
Tidewater,
Umatilla, OR AFFF
Thunder -
storm 3% yes
2
drums
55
gal
ea 110 gal
at the
truck
rack
diesel, non-
oxygenated
gasoline, (NOT for
ethanol)
Alternate 24 hour
cell: 509-727-1585
(terminal operator)
NRCES
AR-
AFFF
Chem -
guard
3% X 3% yes
2
totes
265
gal
ea
530
gallons
foam
trailer
w/nozzle
diesel, all
gasolines, ethanol
NRC Environmental
Services
Pasco, WA 800-337-7455
THIS FOAM INVENTORY BELONGS TO THE BNSF RAILROAD but is maintained by NRCES.
1810 E. James St.
Pasco, WA
Office: 509-545-
6110 (24 hour#)
Marathon Dan Anderson, Sup
Pasco, WA
AR-
AFFF
Ansulite 3%
X 3% no
100
pails
5 gal
ea
500
gallons
on
pallets in
storage
diesel, all
gasolines, ethanol
djanderson2@marat
honpetroleum.com
2900 Sacajawea
Park Road
Pasco, WA 99301
Office: 509-543-
6101
24hr: (509) 539 –
2564 or (208) 890 -
2025
Tri-Cities
Airport AFFF
500
gallons
Pasco TYPICALLY NOT AVAILABLE DUE TO AIRPORT REQUIREMENTS TO HAVE ON SITE
Franklin County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan Emergency Support Function 10: Hazardous Materials
2021 – CEMP
p. ESF 10 -58
Umatilla FD AFFF
Thundersto
rm 3% yes
2
totes
265
gal
ea
530
gallons
on a
foam
truck Chief Steve Potts
Umatilla, OR
steve.potts@umatill
afire.org
Cell: 541-701-8400
305 Willamette St
Umatilla, OR 97882
Franklin County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan Emergency Support Function 10: Hazardous Materials
2021 – CEMP
p. ESF 10 -59
Appendix J
MINIMUM PLAN REQUIREMENT LOCATIONS
USC Title 42 Chapter 116 (EPCRA) Subchapter I Section 11003(c)
requires emergency planning to include (but is not limited to) each of the
following nine:
Requirement Description Page #
1 Identification of Facilities 32
2 Methods and Procedures to be followed by facility
owners and operators
48
3 Designation of a community coordinator 11, IV.A.4
3 Designation of facility emergency coordinator 26, V.B.2
29, VI
4 Procedures providing reliable, effective, and timely
notification
14, IV.B.6 ;
15/16, IV.D ;
49
5 Methods for determining the occurrence of a release
and the area or population likely to be affected
16, IV.E
6 Description of emergency equipment and facilities and
in the community
8, IV.A & .B;
51
7 Evacuation Plans 9, IV.B,
35 - 40
8 Training Programs 41 - 43
9 Methods and schedules for exercising the plan 45 - 46
Franklin County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan Emergency Support Function 10: Hazardous Materials
2021 – CEMP
p. ESF 10 -60
Appendix K
Petroleum Crude Oil Response Reference
Franklin County has numerous shipments of empty and full Bakken crude railcars passing along the
rail lines inside the County. While not a traditional “fixed facility”, the rail cars can be parked for
weeks on end, in numerous places around the county.
Bakken crude is a very light volatile type of crude that acts more like refined products such as
gasoline when involved in fire. While the majority of the railcars are empty, Bakken has a higher
gas content/ vapor pressure, lower flash point and boiling point and thus a higher degree of
volatility than most other crudes in the U.S., (which correlates to increased ignitability and
flammability even when dealing with empty railcars). The Reference Sheet below provides further
guidance:
Franklin County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan Emergency Support Function 10: Hazardous Materials
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p. ESF 10 -61
Franklin County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan Emergency Support Function 10: Hazardous Materials
2021 – CEMP
p. ESF 10 -62
Franklin County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan Emergency Support Function 10: Hazardous Materials
2021 – CEMP
p. ESF 10 -63
Franklin County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan Emergency Support Function 10: Hazardous Materials
2021 – CEMP
p. ESF 10 -64
Franklin County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan Emergency Support Function 10: Hazardous Materials
2021 – CEMP
p. ESF 10 -65
Appendix L
PROMULGATION
EMERGENCY SUPPORT FUNCTION (ESF) 10 - Hazardous Materials Response
APPROVAL & IMPLEMENTATION
The Franklin County LEPC and Franklin County Emergency Management developed the
Hazardous Materials Response Plan to identify and implement hazardous materials
emergency preparedness and response responsibilities in accordance with Chapter 118-40
Washington Administrative Code (WAC). The ESF details the purpose, policy, concept of
operations, direction/control, actions and responsibilities of primary and support agencies to
ensure a mutual understanding and a coordinated plan of action is implemented with
appropriate agencies within the jurisdictions of Franklin County.
Franklin County, the cities of Pasco, Connell, Kahlotus and Mesa directs each office,
department and agency to study the ESF and prepare or update, as needed, the supporting
plans and operating procedures needed to implement the ESF in the event of a hazardous
material event.
Franklin County Emergency Management is responsible for publishing and distributing this
ESF and will issue changes as required.
Franklin County Emergency Management, Director Date
Franklin County LEPC Chairperson Date
Franklin County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan Emergency Support Function 10: Hazardous Materials
2021 – CEMP
p. ESF 10 -66
Intentionally Left Blank
2021 - CEMP p. ESF 11 - 1
EMERGENCY SUPPORT FUNCTION 11
AGRICULTURE AND NATURAL RESOURCES
Coordinating Agency:
Franklin County Emergency Management
Primary State Agencies:
Department of Agriculture (WSDA)
Department of Archeology and Historic Preservation (DAHP)
Department of Ecology (ECY)
Department of Fish and Wildlife (WDFW)
Department of Health (DOH)
Department of Natural Resources (DNR)
Department of Social and Health Services (DSHS)
Support Agencies:
American Red Cross, Central and Southeastern Washington (ARC)
Benton-Franklin Health District (BFHD)
Benton-Franklin Humane Society
Conservation Commission
Department of Commerce
Department of Enterprise Services (DES)
Department of Labor and Industries (L&I)
Department of Transportation (WSDOT)
Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
Food Bank Services
Franklin County Emergency Management (FCEM)
Law Enforcement
Military Department, Emergency Management Division / State Emergency Operations
Center (WAEMD/SEOC)
Milk Distributors
Water Utilities
I. INTRODUCTION
A. Purpose
The purpose of this support function is to provide for the protection of the
county’s agriculture and natural and cultural resources during county-wide
emergencies. ESF #11 works with local, state, and tribal entities during actual and
2021 - CEMP p. ESF 11 - 2
potential incidents to provide nutrition assistance; respond to animal and
agricultural health issues; ensure safety and defense of the county’s food and feed
supply; and ensure the protection of natural and cultural resources and historic
properties.
B. Scope
ESF #11 includes five primary functions:
• Provide nutrition assistance: This function applies in situations where it is
necessary to ration, conserve or redistribute limited food and water resources. It
includes the effective utilization and conservation of food and water resources,
ensuring that sufficient emergency temporary food supplies are available to feed
the public during an all-hazards event as well as providing for the management
and distribution of food resources during a disaster, and for the dissemination of
emergency information relating to the protection of food and water resources
affected by a disaster.
At the county level, we will work with our local area food banks in order to help
redistribute foods to Red Cross shelters, schools, etc. This also applies when there
is the potential for contamination of area food and water supplies. Additionally,
this ESF outlines procedures/guidelines to support and supplement activities
defined in ESF 6 – Mass Care, Housing and Human Services. This ESF is
applicable to situations within the county when it will be necessary to provide
emergency feeding to large groups of people.
• Responding to animal and plant diseases and pests: This function is to protect
wild and domesticated animal resources, the public health, the public food supply,
the environment, and to ensure the humane care and treatment of animals in case
of a large-scale emergency or disaster. It includes implementing an integrated
local response to a significant outbreak of a highly contagious or economically
devastating animal/zoonotic disease or an outbreak of a harmful or economically
significant plant pest or disease.
• Ensuring the safety and defense of the County’s food and feed supply: This
function includes conducting routine inspections to ensure the safety of regulated
human and animal food products that enter commerce; the inspection and
verification of food safety aspects of regulated slaughter and processing facilities;
laboratory analysis of regulated product samples; control of regulated products
suspected to be adulterated; foodborne disease surveillance; food/feed safety
emergency response activities; and investigations.
• Protection of Natural, Cultural, and Historic (NCH) resources: This function
includes appropriate response actions to preserve, conserve, rehabilitate, recover,
and restore natural and cultural resources and historic properties.
• Providing technical expertise in support of animal and agricultural
emergency management: This function includes responding to requests to assist
local, state, and tribal jurisdictions to facilitate coordination of the public and
private sector and nongovernmental organization (NGO) resources to provide
surge response capabilities pertaining to animals. Animals include household pets,
2021 - CEMP p. ESF 11 - 3
service and assistance animals, agriculture animals/livestock, wildlife, and other
animals (including exotics, zoo animals, animals used in research, and animals
housed in congregate settings, such as shelters, rescue organizations, breeders,
and sanctuaries.)
C. Policies
1. All primary response agencies listed in this ESF will, within the limits of their
resources and authority, coordinate with other organizations having
responsibility to respond to an emergency or disaster. In the event of a man-
made or natural disaster the primary agency of jurisdiction is Franklin County
Emergency Management (FCEM). In the event of a FAD event, the primary
state agency of jurisdiction is the Washington State Department of Agriculture
(WSDA) and at the federal level, the U.S. Department of Agriculture
(USDA).
2. If the situation occurs where a severe lack of available food for Franklin
County residents does exist, local governments and the Franklin County
Emergency Coordination Center (ECC) will work with the local commercial
food distribution system to provide and acceptable supply and distribution
system.
3. The Washington State Department of Agriculture (WSDA) and Washington
Department of Fish and Wildlife (WDFW) represent animal health concerns
of the state and maintain liaison with the emergency management and
environmental protection agencies; departments and/or agencies that represent
veterinary medicine, public health, agriculture, wildlife, non-native wildlife,
and humane societies and animal control agencies.
4. Requests for food and water will be made to local sources before requesting
outside assistance.
5. Requests for outside assistance in obtaining bulk food and water supplies will
be made through the Franklin County ECC to the Washington State Military
Department Emergency Management Division (WAEMD) / State Emergency
Operations Center (SEOC)
6. The priority of providing food and water will be to areas of acute need, then to
areas of moderate need as established by Incident Command.
7. To the maximum extent possible during emergency conditions, acquisition
and management of food resources will be performed according to the local,
state, and federal laws governing drinking water and foodstuffs. The plans
and implementing procedures of organizations operating under this support
function will also comply with codes and statutes regarding the preparation
and distribution of food and water.
8. The coordinating body responsible for planning overall animal response and
recovery activities will be the WSDA and supporting agencies described in
2021 - CEMP p. ESF 11 - 4
Appendix 2 of ESF 11 in the Washington State Comprehensive Emergency
Management Plan.
9. The residents of Franklin County will be encouraged to maintain emergency
supplies of food, water, and other necessities sufficient to sustain their
families for at least 72 hours.
II. SITUATION AND ASSUMPTIONS
A. Emergency/Disaster Conditions and Hazards
1. In the event of a large-scale disaster, it may be necessary to allocate and/or
conserve certain resources due to breakdown in food and water
distribution systems. Such conditions could include flood, earthquake, or
long-term disruption of transportation or electric power systems.
2. During some emergency conditions involving the release of hazardous
materials, locally produced fresh milk and produce could become
contaminated.
3. Several serious animal disease outbreaks have occurred outside the United
States as well as a large national FAD outbreak of Highly Pathogenic
Avian Influenzas in 2014 and 2015. Additionally, several of the same
diseases have occurred, or are expected to occur, in the Mid-Columbia
region in the very near future.
4. Even though concerns about animal diseases are increasing, the public
gives it relatively low priority. While the local authorities are the first line
of defense, no one agency or organization has the resources to address
animal response on their own. Protecting animal agriculture requires
cooperation, participation and partnership.
5. During large scale emergencies/disasters it is common for some animals
(livestock and pets) to get out of their confinement and freely roam about.
Locating and collecting these animals might take responders away from
missions involving risk to human life.
B. Assumptions
1. Although voluntary controls will be encouraged, some mandatory controls
may need to be invoked in extreme shortage situations.
2. Food producers and distributors will cooperate with emergency
management officials to allocate food resources.
2021 - CEMP p. ESF 11 - 5
3. The Benton-Franklin Health District (BFHD), with the assistance of the
United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), will provide
notification that there is a potential for contamination of food and water
supplies.
4. The American Red Cross (ARC) and other volunteer organizations will
provide staff and facilities to distribute food and water supplies in the
event of an interruption of the flow of food and water to an affected area.
5. Public education and information will minimize demands on emergency
food and water distribution resources by helping people understand the
importance of conserving available supplies during an emergency.
6. Rapid, accurate notifications to the public will be effective in minimizing
the incidence of individuals ingesting contaminated foodstuffs or water.
7. Citizens should be self-sufficient for three (3) days. Home storage of a
supply of food and water will be encouraged.
8. Animal health events will quickly overwhelm Franklin County’s
resources. It is anticipated that the WSDA and the WDFW will become
heavily involved very early in the response phase.
9. Damage to production agriculture can be an economic crisis to individuals
and the community but can also prove to be an environmental and public
health challenge.
10. Foreign animal disease can wreak havoc on the economy of not only
Franklin County but the entire region, state and nation.
11. Foreign animal disease can be used as a weapon of mass destruction
causing enormous economic damage but may also pose as a vehicle or
reservoir for zoonotic disease that may threaten human life and the ability
to feed the nation.
12. Some people with companion animals will choose not to evacuate rather
than leave their animals behind. People will try to reenter an area to
retrieve animals before an all clear is given. This type of population
behavior will place the animal owner(s) and emergency responders at risk.
13. Private sector agencies and organizations will play a large role in
implementing the policies issued by local authorities.
14. For issues not addressed in other extraordinary disaster declarations for
production agriculture and animal issues, this same methodology of
integrated emergency management can be used to solve such issues.
2021 - CEMP p. ESF 11 - 6
III. CONCEPT OF OPERATIONS
A. General
1. The primary agencies will coordinate with appropriate agencies and
organizations to ensure operational readiness. The primary and support
agencies will develop and maintain procedures for surveillance and
response to include, but not limited to: poultry, cattle, swine, bovine,
sheep, goats, equine, companion animal industries as well as wildlife and
exotic animals as is within their purview. These procedures will relate to
damaging all-hazard emergencies, disasters and disease that pose a
significant impact on human life, property or the economy.
2. The Washington State Department of Agriculture (WSDA) will provide a
representative to the Franklin County Emergency Management (FCEM)
ECC to advise and provide guidance pertaining to crop, food and water
impacts. As needed, WSDA will support FCEM in coordination with
Department of Health, Department of natural Resources, NRCS regional
and local offices, and Department of Ecology on water issues extending
beyond commodity supplies, including water quality and issues of safe
drinking water. The Washington State Department of Agriculture
(WSDA) representative will:
a. Advise the Emergency Manager on impacts and issues impacting crops, food and feed supply chain and water. b. Interact with the Health Department representative(s) regarding the safety of food and water supplies. c. Provide direction to the ARC, St. Vincent DePaul and other volunteer staff carrying out food and water distribution activities. d. Advise the ARC's Donated Goods and Services Coordinator of needs for food and water supplies and storage, delivery or preparation services.
3. The primary agency will coordinate and support the appropriate agencies
to protect the public from disease or injury from animals, animal industry
or production agriculture which have been negatively impacted by an
emergency or disaster. This function will also include, but not limited to,
evacuation of animals.
4. The ARC and other community service organizations will provide and
conduct mass care operations.
5. Food and water distribution will occur at the Reception and Mass Care
facilities described in ESF 6 - Mass Care, and at other locations designated
by the Emergency Manager.
2021 - CEMP p. ESF 11 - 7
6. Distribution will be handled by St. Vincent DePaul staff, ARC staff and
local volunteer organizations. FCEM will work with the ARC to
coordinate the distribution of food and water supplies, as appropriate.
7. Organizations operating shelters will keep the Franklin County ECC
advised of their needs and anticipated needs for food and other supplies.
8. All requests for food and water, from outside Franklin County will be
processed through the Franklin County ECC to WAEMD/SEOC.
9. The BFHD will advise FCEM and ARC staff regarding:
a. The healthfulness of food and water supplies intended for mass
distribution, and
b. The need for public information advisories on food and water
(shortages, precautions on washing, boiling water, etc.).
10. The ARC will maintain working contacts with businesses and institutions
capable of providing food and water supplies to shelters, as well as storage
and preparation services.
11. The Benton-Franklin Humane Society will coordinate the response of all
animals affected by the disaster with emergency medical care; evacuation;
rescue; temporary confinement, shelter, food and water; and identification
for return to the owner. If these resources are overwhelmed, the WSDA
and supporting agencies will assist at the state level.
12. Individual water utilities have the primary responsibility for providing
secondary water resources should their systems fail, including transport of
potable water to the area if necessary.
13. In the event potable water distribution is necessary, FCEM will work
with other agencies, such as the local fire services and Benton-Franklin
Health District, WAEMD/SEOC or National Guard to provide emergency
water supplies.
14. During at least the first three (3) days of emergency sheltering, individuals
should anticipate having to rely on their own resources for food and water.
15. In the event of a situation that would prevent normal procurement,
delivery and distribution of adequate food to the Franklin County area, the
legislative authority of the county, in cooperation with the local food
providers, may:
a. Procure, through any available source, emergency food supplies.
b. Assist in transportation and distribution of supplies.
2021 - CEMP p. ESF 11 - 8
c. Institute a rationing plan, as appropriate.
B. Organization
1. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE: The Department of Agriculture
is the primary responsible state agency under this ESF. An agency liaison
will advise the Emergency Manager in the ECC as requested.
2. DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL AND HEALTH SERVICES (DSHS):
DSHS will provide overall direction for the American Red Cross efforts
under this plan through their established MOU with the ARC. Designated
ARC supervisors are responsible for establishing and operating food and
water distribution centers at shelters in accordance with ARC guidelines.
See ESF – 6 for more detail.
3. BENTON-FRANKLIN HEALTH DISTRICT: The Benton-Franklin
Health District is headed by the District Health Officer who has overall
responsibility for protection of the health of the population within the
District. The District Health Officer reports to the Benton-Franklin
District Health Board, which sets local health policy with guidance from
the State Board of Health. The District Health Board is made up of
elected officials from each County and City in the District.
4. AMERICAN RED CROSS OF CENTRAL AND SOUTHEASTERN
WASHINGTON: The ARC is a non-governmental social service agency.
The local ARC Disaster Chairman advises the County Emergency
Manager in the ECC and provides overall direction for the Benton-
Franklin chapter efforts under this plan. Designated ARC supervisors are
responsible for establishing and operating food and water distribution
centers at shelters in accordance with ARC guidelines. Designated Shelter
Managers are responsible for establishing and operating individual shelters
in accordance with ARC guidelines and procedures. See ESF – 6 for more
detail.
C. Whole Community Involvement & Non-Discrimination
The “Whole Community” includes individuals, families, and households;
communities; the private and nonprofit sectors; faith-based organizations;
and local, tribal, state, and Federal governments. This ESF is committed
to communicating with the Whole Community as needed during
emergency response and disaster recovery operations. The Whole
Community includes populations with Limited English Proficiency (LEP),
individuals with disabilities, and Access and Functional Needs (AFN).
For more information on how each agency or organization complies with
federal law, please contact the individual coordinating, primary, or support
agency or organization.
IV. PREPAREDNESS
2021 - CEMP p. ESF 11 - 9
A. Conservation of Food and Water Resources
1. The ARC will provide training to volunteers in order to effectively carry
out the provisions of this support function.
2. FCEM will promote to the general public of Franklin County, the need to
be prepared on their own and the need to provide for food and water for at
a minimum of up to 72 hours – and possibly longer following any
emergency or disaster that might strike the country.
3. Food and water distribution centers will be identified.
4. With the assistance of the BFHD, the Franklin County Public Information
Officer will prepare emergency public information and instructions on the
conservation and distribution of food and water. Information for
dissemination to the public will include:
i. Distribution Center locations
ii. Procedures for dealing with contaminated food and water
iii. How to donate supplies
iv. How to prepare for food and water shortages.
5. If local jurisdiction capabilities are exceeded, FCEM may request
assistance from the Department of Agriculture to coordinate the activities
of responsible agencies in this plan for the provision of food and water,
and to ensure operational capabilities.
B. Animal Protection and Response
1. Plan coordinated relief efforts with the WSDA, WDFW, Washington State
Department of Ecology (ECY), emergency management, animal control,
animal care organizations, law enforcement, American Red Cross, and
others to provide emergency services.
2. Identify potential disposal sites in order to provide rapid, safe, and
controlled removal of dead animal carcasses.
3. Involve veterinary, humane society, and animal control personnel in
emergency exercises and training.
4. Coordinate with the WSDA in locating high density domestic animal
populations. Develop procedures for the movement of domestic animal
populations out of affected areas.
2021 - CEMP p. ESF 11 - 10
5. Coordinate with the WDFW as needed to conduct response operations for
wild animals to include transport, medical treatment, sheltering, feeding
and eventual release.
6. Develop and disseminate educational information for individuals and
farmers regarding animal care issues during disasters.
7. Establish and test a system to register identification data in an effort to
reunite animals with owners.
8. Coordinate with the American Red Cross in co-locating companion
animals and animal care facilities close to the human shelters.
8. Pre-register emergency veterinary service volunteers as emergency
workers and utilization of the reserve veterinary corps. Establish
procedures for requesting additional volunteer support during an
emergency/disaster. Work with ESF 7 personnel in obtaining registered
emergent volunteers with skills in animal care and transportation of
animals.
9. Develop a pre-emergency list of contacts that can provide vehicles and
trailers for transporting animals. Such as the Cattleman’s Association,
Cattle Producers, Back Country Horsemen, etc.
10. Identify and update periodically the location and capability information of
veterinary hospitals/clinics, animal shelters, animal control facilities,
livestock market facilities, fairgrounds, feedlots, and supply distribution
points.
V. ESF RESPONSIBLITIES ALIGNED TO CORE CAPABILITIES
The following table aligns the Core Capabilities that this ESF most directly
supports, and the agencies and organizations identified to provide services and
resources in accordance with their individual missions, legal authorities, plans and
capabilities in coordination through Franklin County ECC.
2021 - CEMP p. ESF 11 - 11
Coordinating
Agency
Responsibilities & Actions Core Capabilities
Franklin County
Emergency
Management
General
• Work with the ARC to identify candidate
food distribution centers within the county
and plan for their effective use during times
of emergency.
• Maintain liaison with the Washington State
Military Department’s Emergency
Management Division and its available
resources.
• Provide the public with information
concerning the establishment, location of,
and routes to food and water distribution
facilities. FCEM will coordinate and release
public information concerning the supply of
food and water and the status of the
emergency.
• Compile after-action reports to coordinate
needed public assistance programs through
local and state offices.
• Coordinate all press releases and public
service announcement with the Public
Information Officers at the State EOC
• Facilitate and coordinate with primary and
support agencies and organizations to meet
emergency planning and preparedness
responsibilities.
• Coordinate, develop and maintain
Memoranda of Understanding (MOU) with
local area support agencies and organizations
agreeing to assist in the development and
implementation of the emergency support
function.
• Compile and document information detailing
the Franklin County activities that occurred
during the preceding 24-hours for inclusion
in the daily Situation Report (SITREP) to the
Washington State EOC.
• Provide for the development and
maintenance of this ESF and associated ECC
procedures/checklists.
Operational
Coordination
Planning
Logistics and Supply
Chain Management
Public Information
and Warning
2021 - CEMP p. ESF 11 - 12
Franklin County
Emergency
Management
(Cont’d)
General (Cont’d)
• Facilitate and coordinate the planning,
development and execution of exercises and
drills relating the testing evaluation and
improvement of this ESF.
• Coordinate with Washington State
Departments of Agriculture/Fish and Wildlife
in planning for the potential mass movement
of domestic animals and wildlife.
• Coordinate with Washington State
Departments of Agriculture/Fish and Wildlife
in locating high density domestic animals and
wildlife populations prior to an incident.
• Facilitate and coordinate with other support
agencies in documenting the location and
capability of facilities that can be used for
animal care/sheltering.
Establish a plan and procedures, in
conjunction with animal control and the
Benton-Franklin Humane Society (BFHS),
for the retrieval of animals during the
response and recovery phases of an
emergency/disaster.
• Generate and disseminate emergency public
information regarding the reclaiming of lost,
injured or dead animals.
Operational
Coordination
Planning
Logistics and Supply
Chain Management
Public Information
& Warning
2021 - CEMP p. ESF 11 - 13
Primary State
Agencies
Responsibilities & Actions Core Capabilities
Department of
Agriculture
General
• Coordinate with primary decision-maker and
functions as the lead state agency for
agriculture-related emergencies/disasters.
• Coordinate with primary and support
agencies and organizations to meet
emergency planning and preparedness
responsibilities.
• Participate in the planning, development and
execution of exercises and drills relating to
the testing, evaluation and improvement of
this ESF.
• Serve as the primary decision-maker and
functions as the lead state agency for
agriculture-related emergencies/disasters.
Animal and Plant Disease and Pest Response
• Assist State and local public health agencies
in pre-selecting potential carcass disposal
locations.
• Implement an integrated response to an
outbreak of an economically devastating or
highly contagious animal/zoonotic disease,
exotic plant disease or plant pest infestation.
• Coordinate veterinary services in affected
areas.
• Decontaminate and/or depopulate animals
and plants as well as associated facilities,
e.g., barns, processing equipment, soil, and
feeding and growing areas if necessary,
during a bio-hazardous event.
• Coordinate with ESF #8 on management of
zoonotic disease.
• Coordinate with ESF #8 to ensure that
animal/veterinary health issues are supported
(including both disease management and
medical management).
• Coordinate with ESF #8 and local health
jurisdictions to ensure disposal issues during
disease and natural disaster events do not
pose a public health threat.
Public Health,
Healthcare, and
Emergency Medical
Services
Supply Chain
Integrity and
Security
Mass Care Services
Logistics and Supply
Chain Management
Public Information
and Warning
2021 - CEMP p. ESF 11 - 14
Department of
Agriculture
(Cont’d)
Animal and Plant Disease and Pest Response
(Cont’d)
• Issue quarantines or hold orders, and oversee
the implementation and enforcement of
restricted or quarantined areas.
• Coordinate with Franklin County Emergency
Management (FCEM) in locating and
documenting high density domestic animal
populations prior to an incident.
• Coordinate with FCEM in planning for the
potential mass movement of animals in
response to an emergency/disaster.
Food/Feed Safety and Security
• Inspect meat, poultry and egg products in
affected areas and verify they are safe.
• Inspect feed manufacturing facilities,
distribution centers, etc. in affected areas and
verify they are safe.
• Investigate consumer complaints related to
potentially adulterated food/feed products.
• Conduct food and feed-borne disease
surveillance.
• Coordinate multi-agency recall and tracing of
adulterated products through the
production/distribution chain.
• Coordinate disposal of contaminated
food/feed products.
• Provide inspectors and laboratory services to
affected areas.
Nutrition Assistance
• Determine nutritional assistance needs.
• Obtain appropriate food supplies.
• Arrange for transportation of food supplies.
Public Health,
Healthcare, and
Emergency Medical
Services
Supply Chain
Integrity and
Security
Mass Care Services
Logistics and Supply
Chain Management
Public Information
and Warning
2021 - CEMP p. ESF 11 - 15
Department of
Agriculture
(cont’d.)
Animal (including household pets and
service animals) Mass Care and Emergency
Assistance
• Supports ESF #6 to coordinate an integrated
response to meet the mass care and
emergency assistance needs of animals,
including household pets and service animals,
and their owners.
• Facilitates whole community multi-agency
coordination with NGO agencies for animal
response activities.
• Provides technical assistance and subject
matter expertise to local, state, and tribal
governments, and NGOs, regarding animal
response issues.
• Coordinates needs assessments for animals,
including household pets and service animals,
and animal response needs and activities
including technical support for evacuation
and emergency animal sheltering.
• Responds to animal and agricultural health
emergencies under WSDA statutory
authority.
• Coordinates with ESF #8 to ensure that
animal/veterinary health issues (including
both disease management and medical
management) are supported.
Public Health,
Healthcare, and
Emergency Medical
Services
Supply Chain
Integrity and
Security
Mass Care Services
Logistics and Supply
Chain Management
Department of
Archaeology and
Historic
Preservation
Natural, Cultural, and Historic Resources
• Coordinate NCH resource identification and
vulnerability assessments.
• Facilitate development and application of
protective measures and strategies in
compliance with Section 106 of the National
Historic Preservation Act and assists in
coordinating with FEMA and EMD.
• Provides technical assistance on
survey/inventory of cultural resources.
• Provides access and technical support on the
Washington Information System for
Architectural and Archaeological Records
Data (WISSAARD) database of cultural
resources.
Natural and Cultural
Resources
Infrastructure
Systems
2021 - CEMP p. ESF 11 - 16
Department of
Archaeology and
Historic
Preservation
(cont’d)
Natural, Cultural, and Historic Resources
(Cont’d)
• Monitor response operations to protect
sensitive resources.
• Provide technical advice on mitigating
impacts of operations and recommend
response actions to minimize damage to
natural and cultural resources.
• Coordinate with ESF #3 and #10 on the
removal of debris affecting NCH resources.
Natural and Cultural
Resources
Infrastructure
Systems
Department of
Ecology
Animal and Plant Disease and Pest Response
• Assist local health jurisdictions in
determining proper waste disposal methods
for animal carcasses, bedding, animal
byproducts, contaminated food and feed and
any crops that need controlled disposal to
prevent the spread of disease or pest
infestation.
Natural Cultural and Historic Resources
• Coordinate with ESF #10 on the removal of
debris affecting NCH resources.
• Monitor environmental conditions and
conduct sampling.
• Provide technical advice on mitigating
impacts of contaminants and recommend
clean up actions to minimize damage to
sensitive resources from response activities.
• Comment on debris removal plans to
minimize the impact on sensitive
environmental resources.
• Assist with environmental compliance and
regulatory concerns as needed.
Environmental
Response/Health and
Safety
Public Health,
Healthcare, and
Emergency Medical
Services
2021 - CEMP p. ESF 11 - 17
Department of Fish
and Wildlife
Animal and Plant Disease and Pest Response
• Coordinate veterinary and wildlife services in
affected areas.
• Conducts regular monitoring and responds to
aquatic invasive species outbreaks.
• Provide technical assistance and subject
matter expertise concerning populations of
threatened and endangered species of
Washington State during response activities.
Food/Feed Safety and Security
• Provides shellfish monitoring and
commercial compliance of shellfish for
human consumption.
• Provides inspection of shellfish in
commercial markets
• Seizes and destroys contaminated shellfish
stocks
Natural, Cultural, and Historic Resources
• Conduct surveys and evaluations for
biological resources, wetlands, and critical
habitat.
• Assist with environmental compliance with
the Migratory Species Act and the
Magnuson-Stevens Act.
• Monitor impact to sensitive natural habitats
and develops mitigation strategies during
response operations.
• Issue Emergency Hydraulics Project
Approvals during disasters.
Environmental
Response/Health and
Safety
Natural and Cultural
Resources
Infrastructure
Systems
Mass Care Services
Department of
Health
Animal and Plant Disease and Pest Response
• Support WSDA in a foreign animal disease
response for livestock or poultry diseases
exotic to the United States that are either not
or only mildly zoonotic.
Public Health,
Healthcare, and
Emergency Medical
Services
2021 - CEMP p. ESF 11 - 18
Department of
Health (Cont’d)
Animal and Plant Disease and Pest Response
(Cont’d)
• In collaboration with local health
jurisdictions and the Department of Ecology,
assists in determining proper waste disposal
methods for animal carcasses, bedding,
animal byproducts, contaminated food and
feed and any crops that need controlled
disposal to protect human health, and prevent
the spread of disease or pest infestation.
• Coordinate the provision of health and
medical services, including behavioral health
support, during animal depopulation
operations to mitigate the emotional impacts
among responders, producers and animal
owners.
Food/Feed Safety and Security
• Assists in the areas of food safety and food-
borne disease surveillance as provided for in
state law and in agency plans, policies,
procedures and/or practices. Maintains
situational awareness on feed-related issues
that may impact human health
Natural, Cultural and Historic Resources
• Coordinate NCH resource identification and
vulnerability assessments.
• Facilitate development and application of
protective measures and strategies in
compliance with Section 106 of the National
Historic Preservation Act.
• Assist in compliance with relevant federal
and state environmental laws during
emergency response activities, such as
emergency permits/consultation for natural
resource use or consumption.
• Perform assessments and surveys to assist
with planning and operational decisions.
• Monitor response operations to protect
sensitive resources.
• actions.
Public Health,
Healthcare, and
Emergency Medical
Services
2021 - CEMP p. ESF 11 - 19
Department of
Health (Cont’d)
Natural, Cultural and Historic Resources
• Provide technical advice on mitigating
impacts of operations and recommend
response actions to minimize damage to
natural, cultural, and historic resources.
• Coordinate with ESF #3 and #10 on the
removal of debris affecting NCH resources.
• Coordinate with ESF #3 to manage, monitor
or provide technical assistance on emergency
stabilization of shorelines, riparian buffer
zones and hillsides to protect NCH resources.
• Provide Incident Management Teams to
assist in NCH resource response and recovery
actions.
Public Health,
Healthcare, and
Emergency Medical
Services
Department of
Natural Resources
Animal and Plant and Pest Disease Response
• Coordinate with WSDA for plant health
emergencies that occur in forest
environments of the state or that affect state
lands managed by DNR
• Assist with any phase of operations or
recovery for plant health emergencies that
occur in forest environments of the state or
that affect state lands managed by DNR.
Environmental
Response/Health and
Safety
Infrastructure
Systems
Department of
Social and Health
Services
Animal and Plant and Pest Disease Response
• Under a federal declaration, may coordinate
the provision of crisis counseling resources
during animal depopulation operations to
mitigate emotional impacts among
responders, producers and animal owners.
Nutrition Assistance
• Determine the critical needs of the affected
population in terms of numbers of people,
their location and usable food preparation
facilities for congregate feeding.
• Catalog available food, transportation,
equipment, storage and distribution facility
resources and locate these resources
geographically.
Mass Care Services
Health and Social
Services
2021 - CEMP p. ESF 11 - 20
Department of
Social and Health
Services (Cont’d)
Nutrition Assistance (Cont’d)
• In conjunction with WSDA and USDA,
verify all identified USDA food is fit for
human consumption.
• Coordinate staging areas for food supplies
and points of distribution for food with the
Incident Command Post and the local and
tribal Emergency Operation Centers (EOC).
• Coordinate shipment of USDA food to
staging areas within the affected area.
• Initiate direct market procurement of critical
food supplies unavailable in existing
inventories.
Mass Care Services
Health and Social
Services
Supporting
Agencies
Responsibilities & Actions Core Capabilities
American Red
Cross, Central and
Southeastern
Washington (ARC)
Nutrition Assistance
• Assist in determining requirements for
necessary food supplies to support displaced
citizens in shelters.
• Supervise and carry out the establishment of
food distribution facilities and establish
provisions for dispersing emergency welfare
goods and services according to the Benton-
Franklin Chapter American Red Cross
Disaster Plan.
• Coordinate with other volunteer agencies to
ensure that adequate food and water are
available for the populations at risk, and that
other human needs are being met. This
includes providing emergency lodging,
clothing, and other necessities.
• Train a sufficient number of persons in mass
care operations to enable the provisions of
this plan to be carried out.
• Coordinate with the Benton-Franklin
Humane Society, and the USDA to ensure
that provisions are made for the care of
family pets and livestock during an
emergency.
Mass Care Services
Health and Social
Services
2021 - CEMP p. ESF 11 - 21
Animal Control General
• Participate in the planning, development and
execution of exercises and drills relating to
the testing, evaluation and improvement of
this ESF.
• Coordinate with primary and support
agencies and organizations to meet
emergency planning and preparedness
responsibilities.
• Coordinate with primary and support
agencies in developing and implementing a
procedure for registering identification data
on all animals, alive or dead, in an effort to
reunite the animal or carcass with its rightful
owner.
• Coordinate with other support agencies in
developing procedures to provide registration
and transport services for companion animals
from Red Cross shelters to the closest
possible animal shelter.
• Register participating animal control
personnel through FCEM as emergency
workers prior to an animal response event.
• Coordinate with other support agencies in
documenting the location and capability of
facilities that can be used for animal
care/sheltering.
• Coordinate with FCEM and the BFHS in
establishing a plan and procedures for the
retrieval of animals during the response and
recovery phases of an emergency/disaster.
• Coordinate with other support organizations
and personnel in developing and
implementing a preventative health program
for all housed animals.
• Coordinate with BFHS in establishing legally
defensible foster/adoption procedures to be
followed in the event lost animals cannot be
reclaimed by their legal owners in a
reasonable period of time.
• Coordinate with BFHS in consolidating
documentation of injured and dead animals
for insurance purposes.
Environmental
Response/Health and
Safety
2021 - CEMP p. ESF 11 - 22
Benton Franklin
Health District
Nutrition Assistance
• Establish and supervise emergency
environmental health controls for food
distribution and mass care centers, including:
sanitation requirements; waste disposal;
noise; ventilation; and water quality.
• Notify FCEM of potential problems or risks
that may affect the quality of area food and
water supplies
Animal Protection and Response
• As the primary local agency responsible for
public health, BFHD will serve as the
primary point of contact for technical
questions from local individuals and
organizations regarding public health issues
related to animal response.
• Coordinate with State and local agencies and
organizations to assess the public health risk
associated with burial or burning of dead and
affected animals.
• Provide public health information and advice
to local decision makers in the EOC to help
develop local level public policy.
• Coordinate with the Washington State
Department of Health on the identification,
prevention, and control of diseases of animals
with public health significance, including
epidemiological and environmental health
activities.
• Coordinate with primary and support
agencies and organizations to meet
emergency planning and preparedness
responsibilities.
• Participate in the planning, development and
execution of exercises and drills relating to
the testing, evaluation and improvement of
this ESF.
• Coordinate with other support organizations
and personnel in developing and
implementing a preventative health program
for all housed animals
Health and Social
Services
Mass Care Services
Public Health,
Healthcare, and
Emergency Medical
Services
2021 - CEMP p. ESF 11 - 23
Conservation
Commission
Natural, Cultural, and Historic Resources
• Coordinate NCH resource identification and
vulnerability assessments.
• Facilitate development and application of
protective and conservation measures and
strategies.
• Perform assessments and surveys to assist
with planning and operational decisions.
• Monitor response operations to protect
sensitive resources.
Natural and Cultural
Resources
Infrastructure
Systems
Economic Recovery
Situational
Awareness
Conservation
Commission
(Cont’d)
Natural, Cultural, and Historic Resources
(Cont’d)
• Provide technical advice on mitigating
impacts of operations and recommend
response actions to minimize damage to
natural resources.
• Coordinate with ESF #3 and #10 on the
removal of debris affecting natural resources.
• Assist in determining damage estimates in the
communities involved in a disaster.
Natural and Cultural
Resources
Infrastructure
Systems
Economic Recovery
Situational
Awareness
Department of
Commerce
General
• Assist in determining economic damage
estimates in the communities involved in the
disaster, along with any collateral economic
damage caused by animal and crop disease
outbreaks.
Economic Recovery
Situational
Assessment
Department of
Enterprise Services
Animal and Plant Disease and Pest Response
• Assists by providing facilities for reception,
storage and staging of the National
Veterinary Stockpile (NVS), as provided in
an interagency agreement during animal
disease outbreaks.
Logistics and Supply
Chain Management
Department of
Labor and
Industries
General
• Provide guidance and instruction on worker
health and safety issues as provided for in
state law and agency plans, policies,
procedures and/or practices.
Environmental
Response/Health and
Safety
2021 - CEMP p. ESF 11 - 24
Department of
Transportation
Animal and Plant Disease and Pest Response
• Assist by providing heavy equipment for
animal depopulation operations in the event
of an animal disease outbreak.
• Assist in determining routes for movement of
possibly contaminated carcasses to landfill or
proper disposal sites during an animal disease
outbreak.
Logistics and Supply
Chain Management
Critical
Transportation
Emergency
Management
Division
General
• As host agency for the State Emergency
Operations Center (SEOC), maintain
minimum staffing levels for a monitoring
posture (Level 3 Activation) as well as the
facility itself. Raise activation level at onset
of emergency/disaster, or upon request.
• Develop and coordinate finalization of
Governor’s Proclamation of a State of
Emergency.
• Serve as authorized representative for
requesting interstate capabilities for
agriculture, natural, and cultural resource
protection through the Emergency
Management Assistance Compact (EMAC).
Operational
Coordination
Planning
Logistics and Supply
Chain Management
Food and Drug
Administration
Food/Feed Safety and Security
• Respond jointly with WSDA, DOH and
USDA to a food or feed-borne illness or
food/feed contamination incident in the state
of Washington through the Washington
Food/Feed Rapid Response Team (RRT).
Public Health,
Healthcare, and
Emergency Medical
Services
Law Enforcement General
• Assist WSDA representatives in the
enforcement of quarantine, hold orders, and
food control points.
• Provide advice to decision makers at the
EOC on law enforcement matters related to
the animal response issue at hand.
• Coordinate with primary and support
agencies and organizations to meet
emergency planning and preparedness
responsibilities.
Mass Care Services
Operational
Coordination
2021 - CEMP p. ESF 11 - 25
Law Enforcement
(Cont’d)
General (Cont’d)
• Participate in the planning, development and
execution of exercises and drills relating to
the testing, evaluation and improvement of
this ESF.
Mass Care Services
Operational
Coordination
Local Animal Care
Organizations/
Businesses
General
• Assist in the coordination of donations of
animal food, feed, supplies and resources.
• Provide advice and information to decision
makers at the EOC on activities and unmet
needs.
• Coordinate with primary and support
agencies and organizations to meet
emergency planning and preparedness
responsibilities.
• Participate in the planning, development and
execution of exercises and drills relating to
the testing, evaluation and improvement of
this ESF.
• Coordinate with primary and support
agencies in developing and implementing a
procedure for registering identification data
on all animals, alive or dead, in an effort to
reunite the animal or carcass with its rightful
owner.
• Coordinate with other support agencies in
developing procedures to provide registration
and transport services for companion animals
from Red Cross shelters to the closest
possible animal shelter.
• Register participating organization members
through FCEM as emergency workers prior
to an animal response event.
• Coordinate with other support agencies in
documenting the location and capability of
facilities that can be used for animal
care/sheltering.
• Coordinate with other support organizations
and personnel in developing and
implementing a preventative health program
for all housed animals.
2021 - CEMP p. ESF 11 - 26
National Alliance
of State Animal
and Agriculture
Emergency
Programs
Animal and Agriculture Emergency
Management
• Support WSDA in facilitating state-to-state
information and resource sharing.
• Support whole community multi-agency
coordination with governmental
organizations and NGOs engaged in, or
coordinating animal response activities.
• Provide technical assistance and subject
matter expertise regarding animal response
issues.
Mass Care Services
Supply Chain
Integrity and
Security
National Animal
Rescue and Shelter
Coalition
Animal and Agriculture Emergency
Management
• Assist WSDA and ESF #6 in coordinating an
integrated whole community response to
meet the disaster response needs of animals,
including large animals, household pets and
service animals, and their owners.
• Support multi-agency coordination with
governmental organizations and NGOs
engaged in or coordinating animal response
activities.
• Provide technical assistance and subject
matter expertise regarding animal response
issues.
Mass Care Services
Supply Chain
Integrity and
Security
Office of the
Attorney General
Animal and Plant Disease and Pest Response
• Provide direct legal support to the
Department of Agriculture to assist agency
staff in performance of their emergency
support functions including:
i. Quarantines, emergency declarations and
orders;
ii. Urgent issues of statutory authority,
delegation, jurisdiction and liability; and
iii. Contracts and Interagency Agreement
review.
Planning
2021 - CEMP p. ESF 11 - 27
Office of the
Attorney General
(Cont’d)
Food/Feed Safety and Security
• Provide direct legal support to the
Departments of Agriculture and Health to
assist agency staff in performance of their
emergency support functions, including:
i. Emergency declarations and orders;
ii. Urgent issues of statutory authority,
delegation, jurisdiction and liability;
iii. Quarantines and public health
emergencies; and
Contracts and interagency Agreements review.
Planning
Parks and
Recreation
Commission
Natural, Cultural, and Historic Resources
• Coordinate NCH resource identification and
vulnerability assessments.
• Facilitate development and application of
protective measures and strategies in
compliance with Section 106 of the National
Historic Preservation Act and assists in
coordinating with FEMA and EMD.
• Provides technical assistance on
survey/inventory of cultural resources.
• Provides access and technical support on the
Washington Information System for
Architectural and Archaeological Records
Data (WISSAARD) database of cultural
resources.
• Monitor response operations to protect
sensitive resources.
• Provide technical advice on mitigating
impacts of operations and recommend
response actions to minimize damage to
natural and cultural resources.
• Coordinate with ESF #3 and #10 on the
removal of debris affecting NCH resources.
Natural and Cultural
Resources
Infrastructure
Systems
Economic Recovery
Situational
Awareness
2021 - CEMP p. ESF 11 - 28
U.S. Department of
Agriculture
Animal and Plant Disease and Pest Response
• Respond jointly with WSDA and WDFW in
the event of an animal disease outbreak in the
state of Washington.
• Respond jointly with WSDA in the event of a
plant disease outbreak or pest
introduction/infestation in the state of
Washington.
Food/Feed Safety and Security
• Respond jointly with WSDA, DOH and FDA
to a food borne illness outbreak or food/feed
contamination incident in the state of
Washington linked to USDA regulated food
through the Washington Food/Feed Rapid
Response Team (RRT).
Supply Chain
Integrity and
Security
Mass Care Services
Washington State
Utilities and
Transportation
Commission
Animal and Plant Disease and Pest Response
• Provide rate regulation and safety compliance
for transportation haulers.
Critical
Transportation
Water Utilities General
• Develop contingency plans.
• Arrange for portable water for areas where
service is interrupted as a result of emergency
conditions.
Supply Chain
Integrity and
Security
VI. RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS
Resources required by this function may include the shelters covered in Table 6-1 of ESF
6 - Mass Care. Additional resources include the personnel and ancillary equipment
necessary to distribute food and water to populations in mass care centers. Training and
public education materials are needed to mitigate the consequences of a breakdown in
food and water distribution systems or other loss of food and water resources. Medical
supplies and expertise are covered under ESF 8. Public Works equipment is covered
under ESF 3, and donated materials, allocation and resource management are covered
under ESF 7.
Additional resource requirements may be found in the operating guidance and
implementing procedures of the organizations involved.
VII. REFERENCES
2021 - CEMP p. ESF 11 - 29
See Appendix 3
VIII. TERMS AND DEFINITIONS
See Appendix 4
Franklin County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan Emergency Support Function 12: Energy & Utilities
2021 – CEMP
p. ESF 12 - 1
EMERGENCY SUPPORT FUNCTION 12
ENERGY & UTILITIES
Primary Agency: Bureau of Reclamation
Franklin County PUD #1
Big Bend Electric Cooperative
Army Corps of Engineers
Bonneville Power Administration
Irrigation Districts (South Columbia Basin)
Cascade Natural Gas
Chevron Pipeline
Williams Pipeline
Telephone Companies
Support Agencies: Franklin County Emergency Management
Elected Officials
I. INTRODUCTION
A. Purpose
The purpose of this ESF is to provide for effective use of available electric power,
natural gas, and petroleum products required to meet essential needs, and to
facilitate restoration of energy systems affected by an emergency or disaster.
B. Scope
This ESF outlines the procedures Franklin County local government and
emergency management will take to assist energy and utility providers in
providing essential services to local government and the public during and
recovering from emergencies and disasters.
II. POLICIES
A. Restoration of normal operations at energy facilities is the responsibility of the
facility owners, managers and operators. Local government support while
desired, may be limited. Local energy and utility providers will follow their
policies, standards and procedures.
B. All energy/utility providers, whether publicly or privately owned, should be
prepared to respond to energy related needs resulting from an emergency or
disaster. Many utilities work under an agreement which may mandate emergency
and preparedness plans.
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p. ESF 12 - 2
C. Applicable state and federal laws and regulations apply, including those issued
through the Washington State Utilities and Transportation Commission.
III. SITUATION
A. Emergency/Disaster Conditions and Hazards
Emergencies, both natural (tornadoes, floods, and droughts) and technological
(contamination of water supplies, etc.) can have profound effects on the public
utilities in Franklin County. The ability to quickly restore damaged water, power,
telephone and sewer systems is essential to minimizing the health, safety and
economic impact of a disaster.
B. Planning Assumptions
1. Policies and procedures for response to emergencies may be established
by each operator of a public utility in Franklin County.
2. During and after emergencies, public utilities will operate within their
authorized service areas and according to their respective charters.
3. Requests for energy and water resources that cannot be filled locally will
be forwarded through Emergency Management channels to State
government.
4. Delays in the production, refining and delivery of petroleum-based
products may occur as a result of transportation infrastructure problems
and loss of commercial electrical power.
IV. CONCEPT OF OPERATIONS
A. General
1. Types of public utilities providing services in Franklin County are electric,
gas, water, sewer, and telephones.
2. Responding to energy or petroleum shortages or disruptions and their
effects is necessary for the preservation of the public health, safety and
general welfare of Franklin County citizens. The Emergency Coordination
Center will be responsible for collecting information on damaged water
and energy resources and for identifying requirements to repair those
systems. The ECC will also coordinate for temporary sources of
emergency fuel and power.
B. Organization
1. ELECTRIC UTILITIES The electric utilities in Franklin County,
relying on the trained and experienced personnel of the companies
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involved and the power pool concept, have developed the capability to
provide power even under the most extreme conditions. The Franklin
County area is served by the Franklin County Public Utility District No. 1
and Big Bend Electric Cooperative Inc.
2. WATER UTILITIES Water supply systems within the County are both
publicly and privately owned systems which are organized at municipal
and district levels. The City of Pasco operates its own water treatment and
distribution facilities. The primary agencies serving the County area are
South Columbia Basin Irrigation District, Franklin County Irrigation
District and municipalities/land owners which have their own water
systems.
3. NATURAL GAS
Natural gas is provided by the Cascade Natural Gas Corporation.
Distribution of natural gas is subject to control by the Federal government
in response to supply and demand, as well as being regulated by the
Washington State Utilities and Transportation Commission.
4. TELEPHONE
Telephone service is provided by CenturyLink and Century Tel, both of
whom have toll lines that run throughout the County. Cellular phone
service is provided by a variety of carriers.
C. Procedures
1. The energy and utility systems will continue to provide services through
their normal means based on established procedures to the maximum
extent possible.
2. Energy and utility information should be furnished to local emergency
government officials to inform the local public on the safe use of services.
Energy and utility companies should compile preliminary damage
assessment reports and transmit them to the ECC as needed or upon
request.
3. The ECC will collect, evaluate and report conditions to public safety and
other impacted agencies and organizations.
4. Energy and utility companies should provide representation to the ECC as
requires.
D. Mitigation Activities
Energy and utility providers should attempt to design, locate and install systems
and facilities so that they are the least vulnerable to known hazards. When
repairing damages, every attempt should be made to reduce the likelihood and
Franklin County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan Emergency Support Function 12: Energy & Utilities
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p. ESF 12 - 4
severity of future damages. Providers are encouraged to take preventive actions to
reduce or eliminate the effects of natural hazards.
E. Preparedness Activities
1. All public utilities will maintain emergency call lists, operating procedures
and emergency resources and update them as needed.
2. Franklin County Emergency Management will develop guidelines for
priority use of public utility resources where they may be insufficient to
meet essential needs, and coordinate with local Public Information
Officers in the preparation of news releases to inform the public of
conservation and safety measures.
F. Response Activities
1. Energy and Utility Providers
a. Energy, utility and petroleum companies will compile damage
assessment and situation reports and transmit them to
FCEM/Emergency Coordination Center (ECC).
b. If local control measures are necessary local providers will work with
FCEM/ECC and the legislative authorities in the establishment and
activation of those measures.
c. Each provider will compile damage assessment reports and transmit
them to FCEM/ECC.
d. If a provider needs additional resources, outside of established mutual
aid or other agreements, requests for assistance will be coordinated
with FCEM/ECC.
e. Provide FCEM with information on the public’s use of services.
f. Determine the status of energy sources available to Franklin County.
g. Assess energy and utility service system capabilities.
h. Coordinate, as appropriate, with federal, state and local officials to
identify and establish priorities to repair and restore damaged systems.
i. Coordinate sources of emergency fuel supplies for essential
operations.
j. Coordinate public information dissemination relative to emergency
energy and utility capabilities and usage.
k. Maintain liaison with FCEM/ECC to keep them informed on the
situation.
2. Franklin County Emergency Management/Emergency Coordination
Center (ECC)
a. Coordinate emergency activities
b. Coordinate assistance for providers needing additional resources,
outside of established mutual aid or other agreements.
c. Provide energy, utility and petroleum information to county, city, state
Franklin County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan Emergency Support Function 12: Energy & Utilities
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and federal officials, including information to the Washington State
Military Department, Emergency Management Division (WAEMD)/
State Emergency Operations Center (SEOC) as needed or requested.
d. Inform the public on the proper use of services and current situation
status.
e. Assist with determination of the requirements for restoration. These
assessments will be relayed to the WAEMD/SEOC for evaluation, as
appropriate.
f. Coordinate with public and private energy and utility providers to
facilitate the repair of damaged energy systems.
g. Work with the emergency Public Information Officer (PIO) to prepare
media releases and participate in media interviews.
3. Washington State
a. The control of any energy source is only possible at the state level and
only after the Governor has signed a Disaster Proclamation.
b. State authorities can access local petroleum suppliers and major oil
companies to facilitate the delivery of adequate amounts of emergency
fuel supplies.
F. Recovery Activities
1. Energy and Utility Providers
a. Coordinate with FCEM/ECC to determine priorities among users if
adequate utility supply is not available to meet all essential needs.
b. If needed, request additional assistance from WAEMD/SEOC
through FCEM/ECC.
c. Assist in the administration of energy allocation programs in
accordance with the Governor’s emergency powers.
d. Compile damage and operational capability reports and provide
them to FCEM/ECC.
e. Provide liaison between the utilities and FCEM/ECC
f. Provide coordinated emergency public information to FCEM/ECC.
2. Franklin County Emergency Management
a. Provide coordinated emergency public information from utility and
energy providers.
b. Provide damage and operational capability reports to county, city
and state government officials
V. RESPONSIBILITIES
A. Primary Agency
1. Energy and Utility Providers
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a. Establish and maintain emergency procedures.
b. Coordinate emergency actions and activities with FCEM/ECC and
will be prepared to provide a liaison to the ECC when requested.
c. Assist with development, coordination and support of energy and
utility conservation policies and programs; and establishing
priority systems for the curtailment or reduction of services,
restoration of services, and provisions for emergency services.
d. Cooperate with voluntary requests for conservation and control
measures.
e. Work and coordinate with BCEM/EOC and Washington State
Military Department, Emergency Management Division
(WAEMD/State Emergency Operations Center (SEOC) to
establish necessary priorities and control measures, as required.
B. Support Agencies:
1. Franklin County Emergency Management/ Emergency Coordination
Center (ECC)
a. Maintain inventories of energy and utility providers and
emergency resources.
b. Coordinate information between agencies and utilities, both private
and public.
c. Coordinate activities and requests for outside resources with
Washington State EMD/EOC.
d. In conjunction with ECC operations, advise Franklin County and
city legislative authorities on potential emergency actions.
e. Keep Washington State EMD/EOC advised of energy status and
any need for outside assistance until energy sources are back to
normal operations.
f. Keep the public informed with coordination of Energy/Utilities
spokesperson(s)/PIOs.
2. United State Army Corps of Engineers
a. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers will act as needed in response
to flooding under Public Law 84-99. The Corps will also provide
support to state and local engineering efforts if a Presidential
Major Disaster Declaration is in effect and if FEMA has issued a
mission assignment to the Corps.
b.
VI. RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS
Each support agency has general-purpose and specialized equipment and
resources that may be useful in emergency conditions. Inventories of these
resources will not be maintained as part of this plan but will maintained as part of
the Operations Coordinator’s working references in the ECC.
Franklin County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan Emergency Support Function 12: Energy & Utilities
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p. ESF 12 - 7
1. Outside resource requirements will be determined by the Washington
SEOC.
2. The Washington State Department of Commerce is expected to provide
the materials and equipment in an energy emergency.
VII. REFERENCES
Washington State Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan (CEMP), ESF 12 –
Energy.
See Appendix 3
VIII. TERMS AND DEFINITIONS
See Appendix 4
Franklin County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan Emergency Support Function 13: Public Safety, Law Enforcement, and Security
2021 - CEMP p. ESF 13 - 1
EMERGENCY SUPPORT FUNCTION 13
PUBLIC SAFETY, LAW ENFORCEMENT AND SECURITY
Primary Agency: Franklin County Sheriff's Office
Pasco Police Department
Connell Police Department
Washington State Patrol
Port of Pasco/Airport Police
Support Agencies: Franklin County Emergency Management
Southeast Communications Center (SECOMM)
B/F Mounted Sheriff’s Posse
Washington State National Guard
Columbia Basin College Security
Coyote Ridge Correctional Center
Moon Security
Phoenix Security
I. INTRODUCTION
A. Purpose
The purpose of this ESF is to address public safety and security capabilities and
resources to support the full range of incident management activities associated
with emergencies and disasters.
B. Scope
1. This ESF provides a mechanism for coordinating and providing adequate
support to authorities for law enforcement, public safety and security
capabilities and resources an emergency or disaster situation. This
includes normal law enforcement responsibilities such as evacuation and
movement of the public away from a hazard area and enforcing limited
access to hazardous or isolation areas.
2. The capabilities within this ESF support incident management
requirements including critical infrastructure protection, security planning,
technical assistance and public safety in both pre and post incident
situations. This ESF is typically activated in situations requiring extensive
assistance to provide for public safety and security.
II. POLICIES
A. Local authorities have the primary responsibility of public safety at the local
level. The Franklin County Sheriff is the chief law enforcement official for the
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county and is responsible for all law enforcement activities during a county wide
emergency or disaster. In the event that an emergency or disaster is entirely within
the incorporated municipality of Pasco or Connell then the chief law enforcement
official is the Chief of Police for that municipality. Additional support and mutual
aid may be requested through the state.
B. Each supporting agency is responsible for managing its assets after receiving
direction from the primary agency at the ECC/EOC. On-scene assets will be
coordinated by Incident Command in conjunction with the ECC/EOC for the
incident. The agencies within the limits of their resources and authority coordinate
written agreements with other local, state, federal law enforcement organizations
to support essential law enforcement operations.
C. In the context of this ESF, local resources include the Franklin County Sheriff’s
Office and reserve officers and law enforcement agencies of the incorporated
cities and towns of Franklin County. Other resources include but may not be
limited to fire, public safety offices, Coyote Ridge Correctional Center,
emergency medical services and SECOMM 9-1-1 dispatch.
D. Local resources are integrated into the incident command structure using the
National Incident Management System principles and protocols.
III. SITUATION
A. Emergency/Disaster Conditions and Hazards
1. Emergencies or disasters can occur in rural or heavily populated areas, and
can occur at any time or any season. The management of multiple law
enforcement officers and agencies can be quite complex. Law enforcement
emergencies or disasters can occur independently, or along with other
man-made or natural disasters.
2. Nearly any emergency or disaster, from whatever cause, will require the
active participation of law enforcement personnel to support effective
response. Law enforcement responder roles will include traffic and crowd
control, security for vital facilities and supplies, controlling access and
egress at operating scenes and vacated areas, preventing crimes against
people and property, and protecting key officials.
3. Under some emergency conditions, law enforcement and the maintenance
of order are the principal operational activities. Such emergencies include
hostage situations, riot, civil disturbances and terrorist acts.
B. Assumptions
1. Supplemental assistance can be requested from other law enforcement
agencies and such assistance is requested, agencies will work in a Unified
Command structure. Unified Command allows designated agency heads
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the ability to collaboratively assess the need for additional resources and
identify which agency can provide the required assistance. Under Unified
Command, each agency retains deployment control of their agency
resources with the ability to deploy resources to the local law enforcement
agency with jurisdiction or agency requesting assistance.
2. Mutual aid agreements with the Benton County Sheriff’s Office,
Kennewick, Richland, West Richland and Prosser Police Departments, as
well as other regional law enforcement agencies are available to provide
additional support to Franklin County.
3. If needed, Washington National Guard support can be requested to
augment local capabilities for crowd control, patrolling disaster-affected
areas and similar security assignments. Such requests would be processed
through the Franklin County Emergency Coordination Center to the
Washington State Emergency Operations Center.
IV. CONCEPT OF OPERATIONS
A. General
1. In time of an emergency or disaster, law enforcement agencies are called
upon to perform a wide range of functions. These include, but are not
limited to, warning and evacuation, search and rescue, emergency medical
services, communications access, traffic control and enforcement of
emergency traffic regulations.
2. When local law enforcement resources are exhausted, supplemental
assistance may be requested through local and state emergency
management channels.
3. The Washington State Patrol will coordinate statewide emergency or
disaster law enforcement activities.
4. In order to facilitate coordination between and among the participating
units and agencies, the Incident Command System will be utilized.
5. The Incident Commander, regardless of rank, has the authority to request
support and assistance from the Franklin County Emergency Coordination
Center (ECC).
6. Law enforcement agencies have the right to have a representative at the
Franklin County ECC. The primary law enforcement jurisdiction, or
jurisdiction in which the emergency or disaster originates, will send a
representative to the ECC unless they have authorized another agency to
represent them.
7. Law enforcement services are the responsibility of the individual
jurisdiction. The emergency mission of law enforcement is within the
traditional scope of activities which include responsibility for movement
control, for peacekeeping, and for maintaining security, including
suppressing crimes against people and property.
8. Law enforcement agencies will coordinate with Emergency Management
to identify the populations and plan routes for evacuation. It may be
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necessary to direct evacuees to areas of safety or shelters.
B. Organization
1. Law enforcement operations are conducted by local jurisdictions and
agencies within the limits of their resources and authority. They are
governed by their jurisdictions ordinances, as well as the Revised Code of
Washington (RCW) and Washington Administrative Code (WAC). There
are RCWs relating to emergency and disaster operations. (Chapter 38.52
RCW, Chapter 70.136 RCW, Chapter 10.93 RCW, etc).
2. Coordination of any state level law enforcement support will be performed
by the Washington State Patrol.
3. The Franklin County Sheriff’s Office is under the direction of the elected
County Sheriff.
4. Pasco and Connell Police Departments are municipal Police Departments
operated by their respective cities. In each case, the Chief of Police,
responsible for the operation of the department, reports to the Mayor, City
Manager or City Council.
5. The Washington State Patrol is the state law enforcement agency. Two
detachments are located at the Kennewick office in Benton County. The
Kennewick detachment reports to the Yakima district office, the head of
the Yakima detachment reports to the Chief of the WSP in Olympia. The
Chief of the WSP is appointed by and reports to the Governor.
C. Mitigation Activities
The Franklin County Sheriff’s Office and local police departments establish
mutual aid agreements with other law enforcement organizations per Chapter
10.93 RCW. The Sheriff and local police departments conduct special planning
activities with other agencies, facilities or community events which require
special security, public safety or traffic control operations. The support agencies
in this plan each have their own proactive approaches to risk reduction. Each
agency promotes information about prevention and safety.
D. Preparedness Activities
Preparedness activities for Law Enforcement include:
1. Development and maintenance resource inventories and emergency plans
and procedures.
2. Ensuring that officers are familiar with procedures and response in
accordance with this plan. Participate in training, drills and exercises.
Franklin County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan Emergency Support Function 13: Public Safety, Law Enforcement, and Security
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E. Response Activities
Based on the type and size of incident, a variety of outside resources may be
needed. It is critical for law enforcement or any other emergency services
provider first on the scene to provide an accurate and timely size up. An Incident
Commander (or Liaison with other agencies Commander) must be identified. The
Incident Commander (IC) needs to promptly identify a staging area, and assign a
staging officer. The IC will assign personnel to specific areas or tasks, and
coordinate and assign resources. Law enforcement may need to coordinate their
command with fire service or emergency medical service command, and special
groups such as the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), The Bureau of Alcohol,
Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF), Federal Aviation Administration
(FAA), National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB), or other government
agencies may also be involved.
1. Franklin County Emergency Management will assist as requested in
emergency public information concerning emergency law enforcement
activities with the department Public Information Officer.
2. The Franklin County Sheriff's Office will function as the law enforcement
coordinator for county-wide disasters. Municipal departments will retain
all authority for activities within their jurisdictions.
3. City Police Departments and Franklin County Sheriff’s Office will
provide Franklin County Emergency Management with assessments of
damage and resource requests.
4. If disaster magnitude warrants, affected jurisdictions will provide a Law
Enforcement representative to the Franklin County Emergency
Coordination Center.
5. Law enforcement agencies will establish access and traffic control points
and provide security at emergency centers (mass care, reception, etc.
facilities) as required.
6. The FCSO is the lead for evacuations in the county as well as search and
rescue.
F. Recovery Activities
City Police Departments and the Franklin County Sheriff's Office will provide for
priority recovery actions, including: maintaining security of critical facilities,
controlling access to areas affected by the disaster, and providing information
concerning law enforcement activities that will be of assistance to the general
public.
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1. Each department, agency and individual shall maintain accurate records of
the incident. They will be responsible for maintaining disaster and
recovery expense records for future possible reimbursement. Financial
issues such as supplies used, equipment lost or damaged, wages for hours
worked including overtime, and other costs require documentation before
reimbursement is issued. If emergency vehicles, communications
equipment, or stations are damaged, special contracts may be needed for
their quick repair or replacement, and temporary or long-term
arrangements may be needed. During the recovery phase, it is imperative
to maintain communication and coordination with the ECC/EOC. Law
enforcement departments may provide public information regarding safety
issues as people return to their homes and businesses. Departments,
districts, and individuals involved in the emergency or disaster should
participate in post event reviews and critiques, and contribute to written
reports regarding observations and recommendations.
2. City Police Departments and the Benton County Sheriff's Office will
provide for priority recovery actions, including: maintaining security of
critical facilities, controlling access to areas affected by the disaster, and
providing information concerning law enforcement activities that will be
of assistance to the general public.
3. Support for the law enforcement personnel is also part of recovery and
returning to normal operations. This support may include counseling, or
Critical Incident Stress Management (CISM). Law enforcement
departments will continue to communicate with the EOC and coordinate
recovery activities, as priorities and resources allow. They will continue to
assist with damage assessment reports and other requirements necessary
for obtaining financial assistance for the County and involved cities or
towns.
V. RESPONSIBILITIES
A. Primary Agency
1. Provide a liaison to the Franklin County ECC and assume overall control
of law enforcement in Franklin County.
2. Establish Access Control and Traffic Control points as appropriate and
maintain law and order.
3. Provide traffic and crowd control, and assist emergency response units in
getting to and from the event scene.
4. Provide security of the disaster area and accompanying traffic control, as
well as security for the Emergency Coordination/Operations Center and
key response facilities, as deemed necessary by the Emergency Manager.
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5. Assist the fire departments in carrying out warnings and evacuations as
needed.
6. Upon receipt of confirmed information that an emergency, disaster, or
civil disturbance has occurred or is threatening, the on-duty Sheriff's
supervisor shall be responsible for initiating notification of personnel
pursuant to department notification procedures.
7. Law enforcement personnel are mobilized for alert and notification
through SECOMM.
B. Support Agencies
1. Washington State Patrol
WSP is primarily responsible for the control of state and interstate
highways. When necessary, WSP will provide a representative to the
Franklin County Emergency Coordination Center. WSP will also provide
support to the local law enforcement agencies, as required.
2. Franklin County Emergency Management
Franklin County Emergency Management will assist the Franklin County
Sheriff's Office and City Police Departments in coordinating law
enforcement functions with the other operating agencies, and will provide
the Emergency Coordination/Operations Center Law Enforcement
representatives with the support necessary to fulfill their responsibilities.
Franklin County Emergency Management can serve as the central point of
contact for law enforcement requests for specific State and Federal
disaster-related assets and services, and provide logistical and other
support to all law enforcement agencies upon request.
VI. RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS
The primary and support agencies will provide their own internal support, such as
vehicles, and equipment for their staff. Support agencies will provide enforcement
and commissioned officers, vehicles, and equipment, as requested, if available
VII. REFERENCES
See Appendix 3
VIII. TERMS AND DEFINITIONS
See Appendix 4
Franklin County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan Emergency Support Function 14: Long-Term Community Recovery and Mitigation
2021 - CEMP p. ESF 14 - 1
EMERGENCY SUPPORT FUNCTION 14
LONG-TERM COMMUNITY RECOVERY AND MITIGATION
Primary Agency: Elected Officials
Franklin County Emergency Management
Franklin County Assessor’s Office
Franklin County Public Works
Washington State Emergency Operations Center (SEOC)
Support Agencies: American Red Cross
Elected Officials
I. INTRODUCTION
A. Purpose
ESF 14 provides a framework for local government support to non-governmental
Organizations (NGOs) and the private sector. It is designed to enable community
recovery from the long term consequences of a disaster, to provide for effective
coordination for recovery and restoration tasks, including assessment of damages.
This support consists of the available programs and resources of local
departments and agencies to enable recovery and to reduce mitigate or eliminate
risk from future incidents where possible.
B. Scope
The concepts in ESF 14 apply to appropriate local government departments and
agencies following a disaster or an Incident of National Significance that affects
the long term recovery of a community. Support and resources may vary
depending upon the extent and type of incident and the potential for long-term
consequences, and the need for restoration. ESF 14 will likely be activated for
large scale events that require local government assistance to address impacts in
areas such as housing, business, employment, and infrastructure. This ESF may
also be activated for smaller scale events when necessary.
II. POLICIES
A. Local government agencies provide recovery assistance to the affected areas
while coordinating activities and assessments of need for additional assistance
through the ESF 14 coordinator. For most events, these activities begin at the
Emergency Coordination Center (ECC) where staff works to gather date
regarding the extent of damages.
B. Local government support is based on the type, extent, and duration of the event
and recovery period. Should the event exhaust local resources and mutual aid
agreements, a county Disaster Declaration will be prepared, signed by the
County Commissioners and sent to the Washington State Military Department,
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Emergency Management Division (WAEMD)/State Emergency Operations
Center (SEOC). Should the event exhaust State resources, the Federal
government will be asked to provide assistance.
C. In the wake of a catastrophic disaster, the Governor may direct the formation of a
Washington State Recovery and Restoration Task Force (RRTF). The purpose of
the RRTF is to recommend and coordinate efforts to restore normalcy to areas
adversely impacted by the disaster.
D. Emergencies or disasters involving radiological materials will require special
attention in the recovery and restoration phase. Activation of a RRTF can be
expected if such an event were to occur.
E. Long-term community recovery and mitigation efforts are focused on permanent
restoration with emphasis on the mitigation of future impacts of disaster where
possible. The Franklin County Hazard Mitigation Plan, published separately,
identifies mitigation actions to reduce the risks associated with potential losses
within Franklin County.
F. When it is apparent that local jurisdictions will qualify for federal disaster relief, a
preliminary damage assessment (PDA) process must be completed. Emergency
Management co-leads the PDA effort with quick evaluations of affected areas
normally accomplished by driving through the affected areas for assessment.
G. The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) will provide recovery and
restoration assistance through application when the damages exceed, or are
expected to exceed, the capabilities of Franklin County and Cities. FEMA
provides a “Guide to The Disaster Declaration Process and Federal Disaster
Assistance” to assist the local entities through the application process.
III. SITUATION
A. Emergency/Disaster Conditions and Hazards
Emergencies such as floods, earthquakes, and fires can severely disrupt the
normal functioning of government and damage the infrastructure of Franklin
County. Schools, offices, homes, utilities, roads and other community resources
will need to be repaired and/or restored after a disaster.
B. Planning Assumptions
1. An emergency or disaster has occurred causing significant damage so as to
require recovery and restoration activities.
2. The lessons learned from an event can provide guidance for new
mitigation strategies to be implemented.
3. Local jurisdictions will support and act upon the recommendations of the
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Recovery Task Force (RTF).
4. If a Presidential Disaster Declaration has been made, the State of
Washington will form a RTF and the Franklin County will prepare to
support that group.
5. If a Presidential Disaster Declaration has been made, there will be federal
assistance coming and a Disaster Recovery Assistance Center (DRAC)
will need to be established.
IV. CONCEPT OF OPERATIONS
A. General
1. Each political subdivision, special purpose district, public utility, agency and
organization will:
• Complete a detailed damage assessment process.
• Coordinate recovery and restoration activities with FCEM
ECC/EOC and WA SEOC.
• Apply for public assistance programs, if eligible.
• Designate an ‘Agency Representative” responsible for all recovery
activities.
• Work with the Damage Survey Report (DSR) teams to verify and
document eligible assistance projects.
2. Each agency or organization is responsible for recovery costs within existing
budget limitations. If costs exceed existing budget authority, the legislative
authority of the respective jurisdiction needs to provide appropriate action.
3. Each agency or organization is responsible for documenting all disaster
related costs and activities.
4. The FCEM ECC/EOC will coordinate priorities for recovery activities if the
situation warrants.
5. WA SEOC will coordinate private sector assistance program availability and
work with the Public Information Officer (PIO) to disseminate all pertinent
information to the general public.
6. Local public and private utility service providers will restore services based
on their policies and procedures and will coordinate pertinent activities with
the FCEM ECC/EOC and with SEOC.
7. The RTF will serve as the guidance group to the Governor on a program of
continuation of recovery and restoration. They will focus on:
• Deterring the economic and environmental impact of the recovery
to the state and the county, their citizens, property, business, and
industry.
Franklin County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan Emergency Support Function 14: Long-Term Community Recovery and Mitigation
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• Determining the immediate measures necessary to continue
recovery such as: contamination clean up; control of adulterated
food; and financial aid and compensation.
B. Organization
1. Franklin County will ensure that appropriate individuals are made
available to work with any RTF that comes into Franklin County.
2. FCEM will help coordinate recovery and restoration programs and
activities.
3. Each political subdivision, special purpose district, public utility, agency
and organization will designate an Agency Representative responsible for
recovery activities.
4. State and federal disaster assistance program coordinators will provide
assistance and guidance to local entities on assistance programs.
5. State and federal teams in cooperation with the respective Agency
Representatives will conduct DSRs for all eligible applicants
C. Procedures
1. Recovery and restoration operations begin in the county and are based on the
damage assessment reports received.
2. Recovery and restoration operations will be conducted from the FCEM
ECC/EOC or other established location. This process will continue until the
function is no longer necessary. Recovery and restoration operations may
include, but not limited to:
a. Establishing of a recovery task force.
b. Prioritization of activities.
c. Providing support to local entities, state and federal teams.
d. Providing necessary and requested information.
e. Providing reports and situation updates.
f. Coordination requirements.
3. If Franklin County is declared a federal disaster area, an applicant briefing
will be held to inform all eligible agencies of the process to apply for
assistance and what assistance might be available through public assistance
programs.
4. If individual assistance programs are available, individuals should apply for
assistance themselves. The FCEM ECC/EOC, SEOC and program liaisons
will notify the public on program procedures.
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5. The FCEM ECC/EOC and WA SEOC will assist in providing the private
sector with contacts of other organizations or sources of assistance as
appropriate.
D. Mitigation Activities
1. When repairing and restoring services and facilities, each entity is
encouraged to investigate alternative plans and activities to potentially
reduce future damages and impacts.
2. After a federally declared disaster, a mitigation grant program is usually
available. Local entities should investigate possible projects for reducing
future disaster damage and losses. The FCEM ECC/EOC and SEOC will
assist local entities with the process.
E. Preparedness Activities
1. Identifying generic criteria for entering recovery.
2. Preparing agency checklists for recovery and restoration.
3. Conducting drills/exercises to test the generic recovery criteria and
checklists against various hypothetical emergency conditions.
4. .Develop and maintain a liaison with Franklin County, city, state,
federal agencies and organizations that can provide assistance in
recovery and restoration activities.
F. Response Activities
During the response phase of an emergency, data on the extent of damage needs
to start to be collected and tabulated. This will be centralized in the FCEM
ECC/EOC or other designated facility and all responders in the field need to be
advised of the need to report whatever damage they observe. The ECC may need
to activate Damage Survey Report (DSR) Teams while the response to an
emergency is still in process.
The Emergency Chairperson will determine when the emergency or disaster
condition can be downgraded and recovery initiated.
G. Recovery Activities
The recovery and restoration phase of a disaster may actually last for years. The
activities that take place during this phase will depend on the type of event that
occurred. During the initial part of the recovery phase it will be coordinated out of
the FCEM ECC/EOC or other designated facility. When the situation reaches the
point that the ECC/EOC can be deactivated, follow-up activities will include:
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1. The Emergency Chairperson will designate a Recovery Team to
coordinate the stand-down of response assets and initiation of
recovery and restoration activities. Resources necessary for the
recovery and restoration will be identified and notified of their
assignments before any order to stand down is issued.
2. The Emergency Chairperson and the Recovery Team leader will
define the goals and priorities of the recovery/restoration effort.
3. The Recovery Team leader will coordinate with the assigned
resources to ensure a smooth transition into recovery status.
4. Decision points and criteria will be identified for activities such as
allowing people to return to evacuated areas, restoration of utilities
and services, and closure of mass care facilities.
5. Upon ECC/EOC deactivation, follow-up coordination will be
assigned to a specific agency such as FCEM, Public Works
Department or a community-based NGO type entity.
6. Incident actions will be reviewed and critiqued.
7. Continue documentation and reporting on all disaster recovery
activities.
V. RESPONSIBILITIES
Emergency Manager/Commissioners/Elected Officials
1. Coordinate the recovery and restoration tasks following an emergency or disaster.
2. Ensure that damage assessment data is collected and tabulated.
3. Ensure that facilities and logistical support are made available to state and federal
personnel that come into Franklin County to assist with recovery and restoration
activities, such as an RTF and DRAC.
Franklin County Emergency Management/Coordination Center
1. Coordinate the recovery and restoration activities with potential disaster
assistance programs.
2. Provide information and guidance to policy makers concerning issues of recovery
and restoration.
3. Assist in the public information activities including public announcements on
recovery and restoration and instructions on applying for assistance programs.
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4. Provide staff assistance for the Recovery Task Force team.
5. Support information requests for recovery and restoration activities.
6. Provide for liaison with agencies that support recovery and restoration.
7. Provide liaison between the Franklin County agencies, organizations, state and
federal agencies dealing with recovery efforts.
8. Ensure that Disaster Proclamation(s) and damage assessment data is transmitted
to the WA SEOC.
All Jurisdiction/Agencies
The county, and cities within Franklin County, will need to make any and all of their
assets available to assist with the recovery and restoration within their jurisdiction. A
jurisdiction’s own assets must be utilized before state and federal assistance can be
expected. Additional responsibilities include:
1. Document all disaster related activities and costs.
2. Inventory all damages and losses and develop an action plan for recovery and
restoration activities.
3. Conduct recovery and restoration tasks in coordination with the FCEM
ECC/EOC, SEOC and federal assistance program guidelines.
4. Support and coordinate with FCEM ECC/EOC and SEOC in the conduct of
recovery and restoration activities.
5. Coordinate all pertinent disaster recovery information for the general public with
the PIO.
6. County Assessor will advise citizens on property reassessment as a result of
disaster damages.
7. Building and Planning officials will work with persons on site safety inspection,
permits, and codes for disaster recovery activities.
8. Franklin County Auditor, Treasurer and City financial officers will assist in
disaster recovery accounting and fiscal activities.
9. Review and critique all actions and activities for possible future modifications and
updates to the FCEM ECC/EOC procedures and the Franklin County
Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan.
VI. RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS
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The resources necessary to accomplish long and short-term recovery will be determined
by the situation and established by the RTF. Mitigation resources will be assessed and
utilized as the situation allows.
VII. REFERENCES
See Appendix 3
VIII. TERMS AND DEFINITIONS
See Appendix 4
Franklin County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan Emergency Support Function 15: Public Affairs
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EMERGENCY SUPPORT FUNCTION 15
PUBLIC AFFAIRS
Primary Agency: Elected Officials
Franklin County Emergency Management
Supporting Agencies: Local Jurisdictions
Volunteer Organizations
I. INTRODUCTION
A. Purpose
The purpose of this Emergency Support Function (ESF) is to provide guidelines for an efficient and coordinated continuous flow of timely information and instruction to the public using all available communications media prior to, during, and immediately following an emergency or disaster.
B. Scope
ESF 15 coordinates actions to provide public affairs support to local incident
management operations and elements. It identifies the support positions
necessary for coordinating communications to the general public. This ESF
applies to all local agencies within Franklin County. The provisions of the ESF
apply to any event designated by the Director of Emergency Management or
Elected Officials where significant interagency coordination is necessary.
II. POLICIES
A. Life-safety information and instruction to the public has first priority for release.
B. Mission assignments to county agencies or jurisdictions for public affairs should
be agreed upon by those entities prior to an actual emergency or disaster.
C. Emergency public information actions before, during, and following any
emergency will be determined by the severity of the situation as declared by
involved entities, or as perceived by the public.
D. Local jurisdictions and other response organizations will be notified when an
emergency or disaster has occurred that requires an emergency public information
response.
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E. The Emergency Alert System (EAS) is activated as the principal means to
disseminate emergency warnings and priority emergency instructions to the
public.
F. Activation of CodeRED, an electronic telephonic notification system (ETNS) will
be used to alert populations in specific geographic locations to provide
information or instructions on the emergency. CodeRED may be used to enhance
EAS notifications to the public utilizing IPAWS/WEA capabilities of CodeRED
to target specific/localized areas. Use of these systems will be conducted in
compliance with Appendix 9 – Limited English Proficiency.
III. SITUATION
A. Emergency/Disaster Conditions and Hazards
A natural or human-caused emergency or disaster may occur at any time.
B. Assumptions
1. An incident has occurred and public perception is such that people believe
they have been placed in danger by a natural or human-caused emergency
or disaster.
2. The event requires responding agencies to provide instructions and
information to the public about the incident and actions people should take
to save and protect life, property, economy and the environment.
3. Responding agencies will provide information to reduce public concerns
about the incident and response activities.
IV. WHOLE COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT & NON-DISCRIMINATION
A. The “Whole Community” includes individuals, families, and households;
communities; the private and nonprofit sectors; faith-based organizations; and
local, tribal, state and federal governments. This ESF is committed to
communicating with the Whole Community as needed during emergency
response and disaster recovery operations. The Whole Community includes
populations with Limited English Proficiency (LEP), individuals with disabilities,
and Access and Functional Needs (AFN). For more information on how Franklin
County Emergency Management complies with Limited English Proficiency law,
please refer to the Limited English Proficiency Appendix 9.
IV. CONCEPT OF OPERATIONS
A. General
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1. The county and cities are responsible for providing their citizens with
information on impending or existing emergencies, to include immediate
protective action they should take, such as sheltering or evacuation.
2. Public affairs resources are coordinated by the Public Information Officer
at the Emergency Coordination/Operations Center (ECC/EOC) or Incident
Command. The Assigned PIO at the ECC/EOC coordinates messages with
public information officer(s) from all agencies.
3. A JIC may be activated, if the situation warrants. The JIC will likely be at
an off-site location, such as the Federal Building in Richland, or the
Columbia Generating Station JIC, or Benton-Franklin Health Department
building. Agencies involved will staff telephones and coordinate media
activities.
4. If a JIC is not activated Franklin County will participate in the Joint
Information System (JIS) when available. Jurisdictions that contribute to
the JIS do not lose their identities or responsibility for their own programs
or policies. Private industry is encouraged to designate their own PIO for
their emergencies and FCEM will be in a support role to those PIOs as
appropriate. The JIS will utilized conference calling, web-based meeting
programs etc. to coordinate information and distribution of information.
5. All county agencies and jurisdictions are responsible for providing the PIO
with appropriate information about the incident, and actions needed to
save lives and protect property. Generally, if a JIC is stood up, a
representative from each of the involved county agencies will be assigned
to the JIC.
B. Organization/Information Support Structure
1. During a declared emergency, the PIO will work out of the FCEM
ECC/EOC unless a JIC is activated. Media briefings usually will not be
conducted at the ECC, due to space and congestion issues.
2. The PIO will keep the Washington State Department of the Military
Emergency Management Division (WAEMD), Washington State
Emergency Operations Center (SEOC) informed of the local situation and
of any public affairs assistance that might be needed.
3. Emergency Management or designee has the responsibility to appoint a
staff member to the position of Public Information Officer (PIO).
Emergency Management or designee will utilize local agencies to
distribute emergency information to the public and special populations.
The affected jurisdiction will provide a spokesperson.
4. Local jurisdictions are responsible for providing its citizens with
information on the event and what immediate protective actions they
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should take, such as taking shelter or evacuating. Local government is
responsible for providing the public with information and intermediate
protective actions designed to further save lives, protect property,
economy and the environment, and long-term recovery actions to restore
the affected community as nearly as possible to its pre-incident condition.
C. Mitigation
Emergency Management conducts public education as part of regular business.
Public information is often disseminated through books, pamphlets, videos and
other publications. Much of this information is based on all hazards planning and
specific information directed at reducing risks associated with those hazards.
D. Preparedness
1. Elected Officials, Spokespersons and Public Information Officers should
participate in exercises to practice public affairs responsibilities. Press
releases from exercises are often reviewed to ensure that appropriate
protective actions have been recommended for the public. All pertinent
agencies are encouraged to train appropriate staff to implement public
information responsibilities and to prepare resource materials to be used
for an emergency or disaster.
2. Develop effective working relationships with the news media to aid
information being broadcast in a timely manner to the public.
3. Emergency Management has the capability to distribute public messages
through the Emergency Alert System (EAS) and CodeRED for local
emergencies. Informational brochures will be available to the public via
print media and through the FCEM website www.franklinem.org as well
as CodeRED activation information.
E. Response
1. Disseminate emergency instructions and critical information to the public.
2. Provide the public (through the media) with accurate information
regarding the event.
3. Establish a rumor control function to respond to public and media
inquiries.
4. Support responders as requested with PIO support through the ECC/EOC
or on-scene as requested by the Incident Commander.
V. RESPONSIBILITIES
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When the Franklin County ECC/EOC and/or the JIC are activated, the PIO, or their
designee, coordinates the preparation and release of news regarding the emergency
situation. All news releases and status reports will be coordinated with the PIO to reduce
release of conflicting information.
A. Emergency Manager/Elected Officials/City Managers
1. The Emergency Manager or designee is responsible for the designation of a PIO,
and ensuring that the person is trained and qualified. If the PIO or designee is not
available during an EOC/JIC activation, they are responsible for designating an
alternate PIO.
2. The Chair of the Franklin County Commissioners, or the Emergency Manager
that is in charge at the time, should review all news releases and any emergency
alerts sent by the Emergency Alert System (EAS), prior to dissemination.
3. The Franklin County Commissioners will remind all county departments to clear
any releases to the media or public through the PIO in order to prevent release of
conflicting information and to assist with rumor control.
4. Mayors or City Managers will remind all city departments to clear any releases to
the media or public through the PIO in order to prevent release of conflicting
information and to assist with rumor control. Their City PIO may be designated as
the Lead PIO/Spokesperson.
a. The primary role of the Spokesperson is to be the jurisdictions
representative to directly communicate with the media at press
conferences and interviews
B. Franklin County Emergency Management Coordination/Operations Center
1. Recommend activation of the JIC, when deemed necessary.
2. Assist in providing the PIO with technical advice and assistance, and recommends
training for that person.
3. Assist the PIO in selecting alternates to serve in the EOC.
4. Assist the PIO in creating checklists that may be used for all phases of the
emergencies (Mitigation and Preparedness, Response, and Recovery) for which
the county is vulnerable.
5. Maintain a media contact list, which includes addresses, phones, e-mail, and FAX
numbers. Maintain this list in the EOC Standard Operating Procedures.
C. PIO
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1. The PIO is responsible for the preparation and distribution of news releases
regarding the emergency situation. Pre-scripted information should be prepared
for all types of hazards, which may occur in the county.
2. Obtain approval from the Franklin County Commissioners Chairman or
Emergency Manager in charge in the FCEM ECC/EOC, prior to issuance of a
news release. For smaller events, from the PIO in the Incident Command Post.
3. Distribute news releases to the local media using the pre-established contact list.
This may be done by using any or all of the following: faxes, phone, e-mail,
scheduling and conducting briefings, or using messengers.
4. Plan, schedule, and coordinate briefings or news conferences for the media.
5. Coordinate with the WAEMD SEOC PIO, and provide WAEMD SEOC with
copies of news releases issued.
6. If a Federal Disaster Recovery Assistance Center (DRAC) is established in the
county, the PIO will continue to coordinate the release of news throughout the
recovery phase.
7. Provide information concerning individual and public assistance when available.
8. If the activation of the Emergency Alert System (EAS) is deemed necessary, it
will be accomplished in accordance with the current EAS Columbia Basin
Operational Area Plan.
9. Prepare recorded messages for the use in CodeRed as necessary.
VI. RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS
The resources necessary to accomplish public affairs activities will be determined by the
situation.
VII. REFERENCES
See Appendix 3
VIII. TERMS AND DEFINITIONS
See Appendix 4
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EMERGENCY SUPPORT FUNCTION 20
MILITARY SUPPORT TO CIVIL AUTHORITIES
Primary Agency: Washington State Emergency Management Division
Support Agencies: Franklin County Sheriff’s Office
Pasco Police
Connell Police
Franklin County Commissioners
I. INTRODUCTION
A. Purpose
The purpose of this function is to provide for effective use of military assistance
made available to local jurisdictions during a disaster.
B. Scope
This ESF applies to all requests for military support originated by Franklin
County following a local declaration of emergency.
II. POLICIES
In the event of war, terrorism, insurrection, rebellion, invasion, tumult, riot, mob, or
organized body acting together by force with intent to commit a felony or to offer
violence to persons or property, or by force and violence to break and resist the laws of
this state, or the United States, or in case of the imminent danger of the occurrence of any
of said events, or whenever responsible civil authorities shall, for any reason, fail to
preserve law and order, or protect life or property, or the governor believes that such
failure is imminent, or in event of public disaster, the governor shall have power to order
the organized militia of Washington, or any part thereof, into active service of the state to
execute the laws, and to perform such duty as the governor shall deem proper.
Military forces, either state or federal, will remain under and follow their military chain
of command. These resources will be requested through the Washington State EOC.
The Washington State Department of the Military Adjutant General deploys state active-
duty resources of the Washington State National Guard (WNG) in a state-funded status in
response to an emergency involving imminent loss of life, to prevent great suffering
and/or to mitigate great destruction of property, in accordance to state regulations and
statutes.
III. SITUATION
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1. Civil authorities at all levels of government are primarily responsible for
emergency services, plans, and operations undertaken prior to, during, and after a
disaster.
2. All military forces (active and reserve) within the State of Washington are
considered potentially available to provide emergency support to civil authority
during certain phases of disaster operations. Military assistance is a compliment
to, not a substitute for, civil participation in emergency operations.
3. Any request for military assistance will be processed through Franklin County
Emergency Coordination Center (ECC) to WAEMD/SEOC.
4. The county and state have issued Disaster Declarations.
5. A military liaison person may be assigned to the FCEM ECC to an area wide
(overlapping county jurisdiction) location where a task force has been established
to coordinate the use of any military assets assigned to the event.
6. Military forces and resources (active and reserve) not engaged in essential
military activity may be available to provide assistance to civil authorities in such
emergency operations as protection of vital facilities and performance of
lifesaving missions.
7. Military forces may also perform riot control and/or suppression of insurrection
missions upon Presidential Proclamations or upon proclamation of martial law.
IV. CONCEPT OF OPERATIONS
A. General
1. The Revised Code of Washington (RCW) 38.08.040 provides that, upon
the occurrence of certain events, the Governor has the power to order the
organized militia of Washington or any part thereof into active service in
order for Washington State to execute the laws and perform such services
as the Governor shall deem proper. This power resides with the Governor
or acting Governor alone, and may not be delegated to another person or
agency.
2. Basic actions necessary to provide and coordinate the use of military
assistance will be the same for all types of disasters, and will include
ensuring that all local government forces and available resources are
committed prior to requesting military assistance.
3. The Emergency Chairperson or Emergency Manager will authorize and
approve all requests before being sent to the Governor and/or the Military
Department for emergency military assistance. Washington State
Emergency Management will advise the Governor on the state of affairs in
Franklin County based on the information provided by the Emergency
Chairperson or Emergency Manager. Once the Governor has declared a
state of emergency, the National Guard can be activated to support local
efforts.
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B. Organization
Military Resources
1. The organization for utilization of military resources will depend on the
nature of the emergency, the type of military support being provided, and
the local agencies that directly interface with military support authorities.
The WA SEOC is a division under the Military Department. All local
requests for any military resources/assets will be requested through the
WA SEOC.
Franklin County Emergency Management
1. Franklin County Emergency Management is established by an interlocal
agreement and is directed by the Franklin County Emergency
Management Board comprised of representatives of the municipalities
who are signatories to the agreement: Franklin County and the cities of
Pasco, Kahlotus, Connell and Mesa. Daily operations are under the
direction of a Director, appointed by the board.
Procedures
1. The various elements of the State of Washington Military Department will
follow their internal Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) when in
support of an emergency or disaster. Any local requests for
resources/assets will be received through the WA SEOC.
Mitigation Activities
1. Mitigation activities need to be done at the state level and are beyond the
scope of this ESF (refer to Washington State Emergency Support Function
20 – Defense Support to Civil Authorities).
Preparedness Activities
1. Preparedness activities for utilization of military support include
development and periodic testing of a protocol for requesting military
assistance through the Washington State Military Department
Response Activities
Response activities for utilization of military support include:
1. Assessing the need for and requesting military support.
2. Identifying the agencies that will integrate the military capabilities into the
County response.
3. Coordinating the military support operations with military unit
commanders and the military liaison in the Emergency Coordination
Center.
Recovery Activities
1. Utilization of military support during recovery activities will be the same
as during the response. When the military’s support is no longer
necessary, the units will be demobilized according to their internal
procedure.
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V. RESPONSIBILITIES
A. County Commissioner/Mayor or designee
1. Commissioners/Mayors must issue a Disaster Declaration before
requesting any military assets.
2. FCEM ECC must assign a specific mission to any military unit assigned to
the city/county and designate who, in the field, they are to report to for
instructions.
3. If a military liaison has not been assigned, someone in the FCEM ECC
must be designated to coordinate the military operations with the Incident
Commander.
B. Franklin County Emergency Management
1. Forward all requests for military assistance (and required reports) to the
Washington State Emergency Management Division / WA SEOC.
2. Coordinate military support operations with military unit Commanders,
local officials and Incident Command.
3. Coordinate, as required, pre-emergency planning with local military units
including submitting requests, as required, through emergency
management channels for military support during an emergency
4. Utilize, when available, Individual Mobilization Augmenters ordered to
duty with their office to support existing staff.
5. Include the potential use of military resources/assets in exercises and other
emergency management training that is planned locally.
VI. RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS
A. Sources of Military Assistance
In the event military assistance is required and requests cannot be communicated
to the Commanding General Sixth U.S. Army, Washington State Area
Commander the State Emergency Management Division, requests can be
forwarded through the following:
• 416th Regiment, Pasco
• Kennewick Army Reserve Center
• Air Force Recruiting Station
• U.S. Coast Guard, Kennewick
• U.S. Coast Guard, Portland
• Corp of Engineers
• Naval Recruiting Station
B. Requirements
1. Request for military personnel and equipment must be submitted through
the WA SEOC.
2. Request for military personnel and equipment must be consistent with unit
capabilities.
3. Loan of equipment will not be allowed if it diminishes a unit’s capability
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to be self-supporting or unable to perform its basic mission.
4. Whenever possible, requests for personnel and/or equipment will include
its needed organic support.
5. Costs and expenses need to be agreed upon during the request process
VII. REFERENCES
See Appendix 3
VIII. TERMS AND DEFINITIONS
See Appendix 4